Avaliação e otimização da produção de álcool anidro em destilarias brasileiras

There is considerable industrial interest in increasing profit margins in alcohol distilleries. This interest stems from the large number of industrial columns in operation (which use a lot of energy) and the potential for developing separation methods. Regarding this need, distilleries see as an option the optimization of the process, obtaining second generation ethanol, cogeneration of electric energy, among others, in order to minimize energy consumption. This work is part of the first case, optimizing a process of production of anhydrous ethanol by azeotropic distillation with the use of cyclohexane as the third component in the energy expenditure of the plant. This simulation was performed using the software COCO employing the NRTL model to calculate the binary interaction parameters. After converging the simulation, a sensibility analysis of the decanter was carried out, relative to the temperature, and soon afterwards an optimization of the energy expenditure of the plant.UFU - Universidade Federal de UberlândiaTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Existe um interesse industrial considerável em aumentar as margens de lucro em destilarias de álcool. Esse interesse deriva-se do grande número de colunas industriais em operação (as quais utilizam bastante energia) e do potencial de desenvolvimento de métodos de separação. Acerca dessa necessidade, as destilarias veem como opção a otimização do processo, obtenção do etanol de segunda geração, cogeração de energia elétrica, entre outras, de modo a minimizar o consumo de energia. Esse trabalho se insere no primeiro caso, otimizando um processo de produção de etanol anidro por meio da destilação azeotrópica com a utilização do ciclohexano como terceiro componente no que se refere ao gasto energético da planta. Essa simulação foi realizada no software COCO e utilizando o modelo NRTL para o cálculo dos parâmetros de interação binária. Após convergida a simulação foi efetuado uma análise de sensibilidade do decantador, em relação à temperatura, e logo em seguida uma otimização do gasto energético da planta

Espécies arbóreas potenciais para a revegetação de rejeito salino contaminado com arsênio

The processing of gold ores exploited in Paracatu, MG, generates tailings with chemical and physical characteristics adverse to plants growth, mainly by high concentration of arsenic (As) and salinity. The revegetation of this material requeres identify species capable of grow under these conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of four tree species for revegetation of saline tailing contaminated with As. The planting substrate consisted of tailings from processing of ore called B1. The species Tibouchina granulosa (quaresmeira), Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke (paricá), Euterpe edulis Mart. (juçara) and Cassia grandis (cássia-rósea) were planted by seedlings and, after four months, the atributes of the substrate and plants were evaluated. Several plants showed symptoms possibly caused by As-toxicity. These symptoms were more evident and intense in quaresmeira and juçara. However, only the plants of quaresmeira died, probably due to the high rate of As-translocation (51 %) and absence of tolerance mechanisms of the specie. The potential use of species for revegetation of tailings follows the order paricá > cássia-rósea. Paricá is the one with the greatest potential for initial deployment of vegetation, demonstrating the greater ability to adapt to tailing characteristics. The juçara and quaresmeira species are not recommended for the revegetation of tailings. Probably arsenic and/or salinity affect the development of plants, being lethal to quaresmeira. © 2017, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. All rights reserved

Uso de AAS em pacientes cardiopatas e ocorrência de Úlcera Perfurada quais as melhores soluções? uma revisão sistemática com metánalise

A administração do ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) é uma das medidas indicadaspelos médicos em caso de suspeita de infarto agudo do miocárdio. De acordo com os especialistas, o medicamento serve para diminuir a agregação de plaquetas e inibir a formação de coágulos no interior das artérias. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar na literatura o uso do Ácido Acetilsalicílico (AAS) em pessoas cardiopatas e sua possível relação com o aparecimento de úlcera. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática com base em publicações, dos último cinco anos, que essa temática, extraídas de bases de dados eletrônicas como Scielo, PubMed, Lilacs, BVS, Embase e Medline, em língua inglesa e portuguesa. Dos estudo que se aproximaram do objetivo da pesquisa, muitos não relataram a estreita relação entre o uso AAS e o surgimento de úlcera. Assim, espera-se que este estudo sirva de incentivo para que mais estudos sejam realizados sobre essa temática afim de estabelecer e conhecer se há alguma relação entre o fármaco e a doença

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Espécies arbóreas potenciais para a revegetação de rejeito salino contaminado com arsênio

O beneficiamento dos minérios de ouro explotados em Paracatu - MG gera rejeitos com características químicas e físicas limitantes ao crescimento de plantas, principalmente pelo elevado teor de arsênio (As) e salinidade. Para a revegetação desse material, é necessário identificar espécies capazes de se desenvolver sob essas condições. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de quatro espécies arbóreas para a revegetação de rejeito salino contaminado com As. O substrato de plantio consistiu em rejeitos provenientes do beneficiamento do minério B1. As espécies Tibouchina granulosa (quaresmeira), Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke (paricá), Euterpe edulis Mart. (juçara) e Cassia grandis (cássia-rósea) foram plantadas por meio de mudas e, após quatro meses de cultivo, foram avaliados atributos dos substratos e das plantas. Diversas plantas apresentaram sintomas causados, possivelmente, pela toxicidade de As. Esses sintomas foram mais evidentes e intensos nas plantas de quaresmeira e juçara. No entanto, somente as plantas de quaresmeira morreram, provavelmente devido à elevada taxa de translocação de As (51%) e à inexistência de mecanismos de tolerância da espécie. O potencial de uso das espécies para a revegetação do rejeito segue a ordem paricá > cássia-rósea. Paricá é a que apresenta o maior potencial para a implantação inicial de vegetação, demonstrando maior capacidade de adaptação às características do rejeito. As espécies juçara e quaresmeira não são recomendadas para a revegetação do rejeito. Possivelmente o arsênio e/ou a salinidade comprometem o desenvolvimento das plantas, sendo letais para a quaresmeira.The processing of gold ores exploited in Paracatu, MG, generates tailings with chemical and physical characteristics adverse to plants growth, mainly by high concentration of arsenic (As) and salinity. The revegetation of this material requeres identify species capable of grow under these conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of four tree species for revegetation of saline tailing contaminated with As. The planting substrate consisted of tailings from processing of ore called B1. The species Tibouchina granulosa (quaresmeira), Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke (paricá), Euterpe edulis Mart. (juçara)and Cassia grandis (cássia-rósea) were planted by seedlings and, after four months, the atributes of the substrate and plants were evaluated. Several plants showed symptoms possibly caused by As-toxicity. These symptoms were more evident and intense in quaresmeira and juçara. However, only the plants of quaresmeira died, probably due to the high rate of As-translocation (51 %) and absence of tolerance mechanisms of the specie. The potential use of species for revegetation of tailings follows the order paricá > cássia-rósea. Paricá is the one with the greatest potential for initial deployment of vegetation, demonstrating the greater ability to adapt to tailing characteristics. The juçara and quaresmeira species are not recommended for the revegetation of tailings. Probably arsenic and/or salinity affect the development of plants, being lethal to quaresmeira

Physical quality of bauxite tailing after a decade of environmental recovery

O link não se refere ao artigo. Favor corrigir.Tailings from bauxite washing produced in Porto Trombetas, Pará state, a Brazilian Amazon region, have chemical and physical characteristics limiting the development of plants, which hinders to revegetate the tanks where they are deposited. This study was carried out under field conditions, and aimed to assess the physical quality of these tailings after a decade of recovery practices. Three treatments were assessed: no application of inputs and planting of seedlings (T1) and two levels of fertilization, one with lower (T2) and other with higher (T3) doses of limestone and fertilizers associated with planting tree seedlings. After ten years of experimentation, penetration resistance (PR) and substrate moisture up to 60 cm depth were assessed and the least limiting water range (LLWR), water retention curve (WRC), and pore size distribution were determined and calculated. After a decade of environmental recovery, differences in physical characteristics were observed in the tailings due to different revegetation modes. Moisture in the substrate profile, LLWR, WRC, and pore size distribution were sensitive indicators to variations in substrate physical quality. Liming, fertilization, and planting of seedlings are necessary for revegetation and improvement of the physical quality of tailings. Treatment T3 was the best intervention identified so far for tank revegetation. The absence of fertilization and planting precludes revegetation even with sources of propagules nearby.Os rejeitos da lavagem da bauxita produzidos em Porto Trombetas, Pará, no interior da Amazônia brasileira, possuem características químicas e físicas limitantes ao desenvolvimento de plantas, o que dificulta a revegetação dos tanques onde são depositados. Este trabalho, realizado em condições de campo, avaliou a qualidade física desses rejeitos após uma década de práticas de recuperação. Três tratamentos foram avaliados: sem aplicação de insumos e plantio de mudas (T1) e dois níveis de fertilização, um com as menores (T2) e outro com as maiores (T3) doses de calcário e adubos associadas ao plantio de mudas de espécies arbóreas. Decorridos dez anos de experimentação, a resistência à penetração (RP) e a umidade do substrato, até 60 cm de profundidade, foram avaliadas e o Intervalo Hídrico Ótimo (IHO), curva de retenção de água (CRA) e distribuição de poros por classes de diâmetro foram determinados e calculados. Após uma década de recuperação ambiental, foi possível verificar diferenças nas características físicas do rejeito em função das diferentes formas de revegetação. A umidade no perfil do substrato, o IHO, a CRA e a distribuição de poros foram indicadores sensíveis às variações na qualidade física dos substratos. A calagem, a adubação e o plantio de mudas são necessários para a revegetação e melhoria da qualidade física do rejeito. O tratamento T3 é a melhor intervenção identificada até o momento para a revegetação dos tanques. A ausência de adubação e plantio impossibilita a revegetação, mesmo existindo fontes de propágulos nas proximidades

Physical quality of bauxite tailing after a decade of environmental recovery

ABSTRACT Tailings from bauxite washing produced in Porto Trombetas, Pará state, a Brazilian Amazon region, have chemical and physical characteristics limiting the development of plants, which hinders to revegetate the tanks where they are deposited. This study was carried out under field conditions, and aimed to assess the physical quality of these tailings after a decade of recovery practices. Three treatments were assessed: no application of inputs and planting of seedlings (T1) and two levels of fertilization, one with lower (T2) and other with higher (T3) doses of limestone and fertilizers associated with planting tree seedlings. After ten years of experimentation, penetration resistance (PR) and substrate moisture up to 60 cm depth were assessed and the least limiting water range (LLWR), water retention curve (WRC), and pore size distribution were determined and calculated. After a decade of environmental recovery, differences in physical characteristics were observed in the tailings due to different revegetation modes. Moisture in the substrate profile, LLWR, WRC, and pore size distribution were sensitive indicators to variations in substrate physical quality. Liming, fertilization, and planting of seedlings are necessary for revegetation and improvement of the physical quality of tailings. Treatment T3 was the best intervention identified so far for tank revegetation. The absence of fertilization and planting precludes revegetation even with sources of propagules nearby