PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA SOBRE Jatropha curcas L.

Este trabalho apresenta um mapeamento tecnológico sobre as potencialidades da Jatropha curcas L. tanto como fonte energética, considerando a grande busca por novas fontes alternativas de energia que se baseiam no uso desta oleaginosa como biomassa, através de busca por pedidos de patentes. Para a realização da pesquisa, utilizaram-se as bases World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), o banco de dados do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI) e a European Patent Office (Espacenet). Esta prospecção teve o intuito de avaliar e contribuir com o conhecimento sobre as tecnologias já desenvolvidas, identificando os trabalhos na área de uso, caracterização, possíveis aplicações e potenciais da Jatropha curcas L. Assim, foi possível analisar as potencialidades e a evolução das competências tecnológicas traduzidas através dos depósitos de patentes. O período coberto por esta pesquisa baseia-se no período máximo permitido por cada base de dados consultada, sendo corrente ao mês de outubro de 2013

PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA SOBRE MORINGA OLEÍFERA APLICADA À CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS

A Moringa oleifera Lam. é uma espécie arbórea originária do noroeste indiano, cultivada graças ao seu valor alimentar, alto teor proteico, usos na medicina tradicional, indústria e tratamento de água para o consumo humano. Por apresentar tais características, a moringa tem um grande potencial para cultivo comercial. As características de adaptação climática e de solo da planta a tornam implementável como cultivo tanto em escala industrial quanto de subsistência em grandes extensões do território brasileiro. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os resultados de pesquisa relativos às aplicações da moringa na tecnologia de alimentos através de pedidos de patentes. Utilizou-se as bases World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI) e European Patent Office (Espacenet). O período coberto por esta pesquisa baseia-se no período máximo permitido por cada base de dado consultada, e é corrente ao mês de outubro de 2013

AVALIAÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIAS EM REATORES PARA PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL A PARTIR DA ANÁLISE DOS PEDIDOS DE PATENTES

O biodiesel é um combustível biodegradável, não tóxico, renovável e pode ser sintetizado por reatores do tipo contínuo ou do tipo batelada. Diante dessa situação, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar os avanços tecnológicos na área de reatores para produção de biodiesel. Para a realização da busca de patentes utilizou-se a base da World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), o Banco de dados do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI) e do European Patent Office (Espacenet). A atual prospecção foi realizada com o intuito de contribuir com o conhecimento sobre as pesquisas desenvolvidas, identificando os trabalhos na área de reatores para produção de biodiesel. Avaliando o cenário mundial e brasileiro podemos caracterizar a prospecção relativa ao uso de reatores para produção de biodiesel por estar em constante desenvolvimento. Os dados demonstram que a área é promissora no cenário brasileiro, tendo em vista o número relativamente baixo de pedidos de depósitos dessas tecnologias

AVALIAÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIAS EM REATORES ANAERÓBIOS PARA TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES A PARTIR DA ANÁLISE DOS PEDIDOS DE PATENTES

Os reatores anaeróbios tornaram-se consagrados no Brasil, ao serem utilizados de maneira extensiva no tratamento de esgotos. Diante dessa situação, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar os avanços tecnológicos na área de reatores anaeróbios para tratamento de efluentes. Para a realização da busca de patentes utilizou-se a base da World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), o Banco de dados do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI) e do European Patent Office (Espacenet). Com a atual prospecção foi possível identificar os trabalhos na área de reatores para tratamento de efluentes. Assim, foi possível analisar as características, as potencialidades e a evolução das competências tecnológicas através dos depósitos de patentes nessa área. Avaliando o cenário mundial e brasileiro, podemos caracterizar o uso de reatores para tratamento de esgotos por estar em constante desenvolvimento. Os dados demonstram que a área é promissora no cenário brasileiro

Immunotherapy and immunochemotherapy in visceral leishmaniasis : promising treatments for this neglected disease.

Leishmaniasis has several clinical forms: self-healing or chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis or post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis; mucosal leishmaniasis; visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which is fatal if left untreated.The epidemiology and clinical features of VL vary greatly due to the interaction of multiple factors including parasite strains, vectors, host genetics, and the environment. Human immunodeficiency virus infection augments the severity of VL increasing the risk of developing active disease by 100?2320 times. An effective vaccine for humans is not yet available. Resistance to chemotherapy is a growing problem in many regions, and the costs associated with drug identification and development, make commercial production for leishmaniasis, unattractive.The toxicity of currently drugs, their long treatment course, and limited efficacy are significant concerns. For cutaneous disease, many studies have shown promising results with immunotherapy/immunochemotherapy, aimed to modulate and activate the immune response to obtain a therapeutic cure. Nowadays, the focus of many groups centers on treating canine VL by using vaccines and immunomodulators with or without chemotherapy. In human disease, the use of cytokines like interferon-g associated with pentavalent antimonials demonstrated promising results in patients that did not respond to conventional treatment. In mice, immunomodulation based on monoclonal antibodies to remove endogenous immunosuppressive cytokines (interleukin-10) or block their receptors, antigen-pulsed syngeneic dendritic cells, or biological products like Pam3Cys (TLR ligand) has already been shown as a prospective treatment of the disease. This review addresses VL treatment, particularly immunotherapy and/or immunochemotherapy as an alternative to conventional drug treatment in experimental models, canine VL, and human disease

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM. IDENTIFICATION OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE BRAZILIAN MARKET THROUGH PATENT LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS

Moringa oleifera Lam. is an arboreal species originated from the northwest if the Indian subcontinent. This species is cultivated due to its high protein content, its perceived medicinal use, and multiple other applications, including as forage plant. More recently, moringa has been recognized as a potential source of drop-in biodiesel and of biodiesel stabilizing agents. Given these and other characteristics, moringa has great economic potential and possible applicability in many areas. This work presents a brief introduction to the plant itself and its uses. In order to investigate its potential and current uses, with an eye for encumbrances to, and opportunities for, their implementation in the Brazilian market, an intellectual property (IP) landscape analysis was carried out. Sources of data used were the EPO (Europe), USPTO (US), WIPO, INPI (Brazil), CPTO (China) and TIPO (Taiwan). Of especial interest are those applications for which patent protection does not exist at all or, at least, IP protection in Brazil has not been sought.</p