61 research outputs found

    Efeitos dos traços da ansiedade na perceção de expressões faciais das emoções: estudo exploratório de Continuous Flash Suppression

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    Tem se notado uma escassez de estudos acerca dos efeitos da ansiedade da percepção de expressões faciais emocionais utilizando o método CFS (Continuous Flash Suppression). Sendo assim, o presente estudo teve como principal objetivo, melhor explorar o efeito dos traços de ansiedade na percepção de expressões faciais emocionais, sendo assim questionado se a ansiedade interfere, ou não, no tempo de percepção e na taxa de acertos dessas expressões. O método utilizado neste estudo foi o CFS, um método eficaz e simples de mensurar, de forma clara, a significância atencional direcionada a um determinado estímulo. Este é um método bem estabelecido e não introspetivo para avaliar e medir a percepção de expressões faciais emocionais. Com base numa revisão da literatura dos estudos anteriores que utilizaram o método CFS, um desenho experimental mais completo foi criado. Verificou-se que quanto mais elevados os traços de ansiedade, menor a diferença entre os tempos de reação das categorias emocionais surpresa e neutra. Não se identificaram demais interações, assim como nenhuma interação a nível da valência ou da ativação. Independentemente dos traços de ansiedade, foi também possível identificar que (1) a categoria emocional Surpresa foi reconhecida mais rapidamente do que faces neutras e (2) categorias de Raiva e Medo foram percecionadas mais corretamente do que faces neutras. Encontrou-se assim uma influência das categorias emocionais nos tempos de reação e nas taxas de acerto, indicando um foco atencional diferenciado em função de cada categoria emocional. Quanto às dimensões afetivas (valência e ativação), os resultados encontrados foram inconclusivos ou sem influência. Estes resultados contrariam estudos anteriores sugerindo que o efeito dos traços de ansiedade na percepção de expressões faciais, estaria ligado, não à valência e à ativação das expressões, mas sim, a suas respetivas categorias emocionais

    O governo Temer retratado nas capas do Globo e do Extra (2016-2018)

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    Este trabalho pretende verificar de que maneira dois jornais pertencentes ao Grupo Globo, Extra e O Globo, retrataram a figura de Michel Temer ao longo dos dois anos de seu mandato, através das fotos publicadas em suas capas, enfatizando possíveis conexões entre imagens, textos e mancha gráfica. Para contextualizar tal objeto de análise, se debaterá a respeito da construção histórica proporcionada pelo aparato fotográfico, seus impactos nas estruturas comunicativas do século XXI, e, particularmente, como o uso político da fotografia surge e se consolida. Tendo em vista se debruçar diante de tal temática, a pesquisa realiza um apanhado histórico acerca do fotojornalismo mundial englobando a política, como o fotojornalismo se consagra no Brasil e quais as ferramentas utilizadas por distintas publicações na construção de suas narrativas e visões de mundo. O cerne, portanto, é apontar de que maneira Temer acaba por ser retratado em uma publicação de viés mais elitizado e, simultaneamente, em um jornal que possui como público-alvo camadas mais populares – por fim, explicitando as diferentes lógicas de produção operadas por cada um destes veículos

    Revisiting the implications of Liouville's theorem to the anisotropy of cosmic rays

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    We present a solution to Liouville's equation for an ensemble of charged particles propagating in magnetic fields. The solution is presented using an expansion in spherical harmonics of the phase space density, allowing a direct interpretation of the distribution of arrival directions of cosmic rays. The results are found for chosen conditions of variability and source distributions. We show there are two conditions for an initially isotropic flux of particles to remain isotropic while traveling through a magnetic field: isotropy and homogeneity of the sources. The formalism is used to analyze the data measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory, contributing to the understanding of the dependence of the dipole amplitude with energy and predicting the energy in which the quadrupole signal should be measured

    O efeito do ácido ascórbico tópico na cicatrização cutânea

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    Introdução: A ferida cirúrgica apresenta altos níveis de radicais livres em resposta ao dano cutâneo, o que gera a hipótese de um possível benefício do uso de antioxidantes no reparo destas feridas, tal como a aplicação tópica do ácido ascórbico. No entanto, pesquisas recentes obtiveram conclusões discrepantes para este tipo de tratamento. O objetivo é avaliar o efeito do ácido ascórbico tópico na cicatrização cutânea por meio de uma revisão de escopo. Métodos: A revisão de escopo foi realizada na base de dados Medline, Lilacs e Cochrane, com os descritores: ácido ascórbico, creme para a pele e cicatrização de feridas. Foram definidos como critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos randomizados, observacionais e revisões sistemáticas, em humanos, com data de publicação de até 5 anos, nas línguas inglesa, portuguesa ou espanhola. Foram excluídas: revisões narrativas, dissertações, teses, editoriais, estudos in vitro e em animais. Por fim, foi realizada a classificação dos estudos através da metodologia GRADE. Resultados: Foram encontrados 83 estudos e, após triagem, seis artigos foram selecionados. Destacou-se o uso do ácido ascórbico na concentração de 5 a 20% e de seus derivados (0,075% a 9,55%). Apresentaram a qualidade GRADE moderada os desfechos: aumento da firmeza cutânea e redução da vermelhidão, e alta qualidade: melhora na hidratação, elasticidade, colorometria das manchas e melhora do fechamento das feridas. Conclusão: O ácido ascórbico promove melhor elasticidade cutânea, diminuição do eritema e melhor fechamento das feridas. Apesar destes fortes indícios, ensaios clínicos randomizados com menor risco de viés de aferição e com maior casuística ainda se fazem necessários

    The effect of topical ascorbic acid on cutaneous healing

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    Introduction: The surgical wound has high levels of free radicals in response to skin damage, which raises the hypothesis of a possible benefit from using antioxidants in repairing these wounds, such as the topical application of ascorbic acid. However, recent research has found conflicting conclusions about this type of treatment. The objective is to evaluate the effect of topical ascorbic acid on skin healing through a scope review. Methods: The scope review was carried out in the Medline, Lilacs and Cochrane databases, with the descriptors: ascorbic acid, skin cream, and wound healing. Inclusion criteria were defined as randomized clinical trials, observational and systematic reviews, in humans, with a publication date of up to 5 years, in English, Portuguese or Spanish. The following were excluded: narrative reviews, dissertations, theses, editorials, in vitro and animal studies. Finally, the studies were classified using the GRADE methodology. Results: 83 studies were found, and six articles were selected after screening. The use of ascorbic acid in the concentration of 5 to 20% and its derivatives (0.075% to 9.55%) stood out. The outcomes presented a moderate GRADE quality: increased skin firmness and reduced redness, and high quality: improved hydration, elasticity, colorimetry of the stains and improved wound closure. Conclusion: Ascorbic acid promotes better skin elasticity, reduced erythema and better wound closure. Despite these strong indications, randomized clinical trials with a lower risk of measurement bias and greater casuistry are still necessary

    Simplified sewerage to prevent urban leptospirosis transmission: a cluster non-randomised controlled trial protocol in disadvantaged urban communities of Salvador, Brazil.

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    INTRODUCTION: Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonotic and environmentally mediated disease that has emerged as a major health problem in urban slums in developing countries. Its aetiological agent is bacteria of the genus Leptospira, which are mainly spread in the urine of infected rodents, especially in an environment where adequate sanitation facilities are lacking, and it is known that open sewers are key transmission sources of the disease. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of a simplified sewerage intervention in reducing the risk of exposure to contaminated environments and Leptospira infection and to characterise the transmission mechanisms involved. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This matched quasi-experimental study design using non-randomised intervention and control clusters was designed to assess the effectiveness of an urban simplified sewerage intervention in the low-income communities of Salvador, Brazil. The intervention consists of household-level piped sewerage connections and community engagement and public involvement activities. A cohort of 1400 adult participants will be recruited and grouped into eight clusters consisting of four matched intervention-control pairs with approximately 175 individuals in each cluster in baseline. The primary outcome is the seroincidence of Leptospira infection assessed through five serological measurements: one preintervention (baseline) and four postintervention. As a secondary outcome, we will assess Leptospira load in soil, before and after the intervention. We will also assess Leptospira exposures before and after the intervention, through transmission modelling, accounting for residents' movement, contact with flooding, contaminated soil and water, and rat infestation, to examine whether and how routes of exposure for Leptospira change following the introduction of sanitation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the ethics boards at the Federal University of Bahia and the Brazilian National Research Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations to implementers, researchers and participating communities. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (RBR-8cjjpgm)

    The dynamic range of the upgraded surface-detector stations of AugerPrime

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    The detection of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays by means of giant detector arrays is often limited by the saturation of the recorded signals near the impact point of the shower core at the ground, where the particle density dramatically increases. The saturation affects in particular the highest energy events, worsening the systematic uncertainties in the reconstruction of the shower characteristics. The upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory, called AugerPrime, includes the installation of an 1-inch Small PhotoMultiplier Tube (SPMT) inside each water-Cherenkov station (WCD) of the surface detector array. The SPMT allows an unambiguous measurement of signals down to about 250m from the shower core, thus reducing the number of events featuring a saturated station to a negligible level. In addition, a 3.8m2 plastic scintillator (Scintillator Surface Detector, SSD) is installed on top of each WCD. The SSD is designed to match the WCD (with SPMT) dynamic range, providing a complementary measurement of the shower components up to the highest energies. In this work, the design and performances of the upgraded AugerPrime surface-detector stations in the extended dynamic range are described, highlighting the accuracy of the measurements. A first analysis employing the unsaturated signals in the event reconstruction is also presented

    Measuring the muon content of inclined air showers using AERA and the water-Cherenkov detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

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    International Masterclasses as part of the Pierre Auger Observatory program of Outreach and Education

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    The Pierre Auger Observatory is committed to bringing education and knowledge of cosmic rays to the public, with a strong focus on schools and students. Over the last few years, initiatives have been developed, such as the Science Fair, virtual visits, and participation in international activities on the subject of cosmic rays, including collaborations with external groups. Modern digital tools bringing novel ways of interacting with the public have been explored at these initiatives and also locally at a renewed Visitor Center in Malargüe. The development of tools for the public release of the Auger data, including standardized data formats, analysis notebooks, and a 3D interactive event display, led to the creation of a new activity directed to high-school students called Masterclasses. The participants are challenged to perform the reconstruction and selection of events using a graphical interface with 3D effects, then combined into a smoothed, exposure-corrected sky map of arrival directions. A final discussion takes place in which the students engage with peers and scientists, looking for answers about the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. The concept had a successful debut in 2022 and was included in the 2023 edition of the International Masterclasses on Particle Physics, reaching students worldwide
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