The role of non-specific effects in the psychological treatment of adolescents with social phobia

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los efectos específicos del programa Intervención en Adolescentes con Fobia Social Generalizada (IAFS) junto a los factores inespecíficos de las intervenciones utilizadas en el tratamiento de adolescentes con fobia social (por ejemplo, características del paciente o del terapeuta, expectativas hacia el tratamiento o respecto de la atención y el apoyo prestado por el terapeuta). Para ello, se seleccionan al azar 77 adolescentes y se distribuyen aleatoriamente a cuatro condiciones experimentales: grupo de tratamiento psicológico (paquete multicomponente IAFS), grupo de transmisión de información o educativo, grupo placebo y grupo de control lista de espera. Los resultados muestran la eficacia tanto a corto como a medio plazo (12 meses) del programa IAFS, en las medidas que evalúan directamente las respuestas de ansiedad y en sus correlatos (asertividad, autoestima y adaptación). El grupo placebo también alcanza mejoras importantes en algunas de las variables mencionadas, mientras que el de transmisión de información no obtiene cambios significativos, exceptuando la variable autoestima. Palabras clave: fobia social generalizada, adolescentes, efectos específicos e inespecíficos, experimental.The aim of this study is to analyze the specific effects of the Intervention in Adolescents with Social Phobia (IAFS) program together with the nonspecific factors of the interventions used in the treatment of adolescents with social phobia (for example, characteristics of the patient or the therapist, expectations towards the treatment or the attention and support given by the (therapist). 77 adolescents were selected at random and randomly distributed between four experimental conditions: psychological treatment group (IAFS multicomponent package), transmission of information or educational group, placebo and waiting list control group. The results show the short- and medium-term effectiveness (12 months) of the IAFS according to specific measures assessing social anxiety and avoidance as well as other related constructs (assertiveness, social skills and adjustment). The placebo group achieved important improvements in some of the mentioned conditions, whereas that of information transmission did not obtained significant changes, with the exception of the self-esteem variable. Key words: generalized social phobia, adolescents, specific and nonspecific effects, experimental

Early intervention in children and adolescents with social phobia

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar los efectos del tratamiento psicológico Intervención en Adolescentes con Fobia Social (IAFS) en su versión 10-14 años. La muestra la componen 45 niños y adolescentes (75,5% chicas; 24,5% varones) con Fobia Social Generalizada y una edad media de 12.02 años (DT=1.44; rango: 10-14 años). Los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a dos condiciones experimentales: 21 al Grupo Control Lista de Espera y 24 a la condición IAFS. Los resultados muestran la eficacia de la intervención psicológica frente al Grupo Control Lista de Espera en todas las variables dependientes medidas. Palabras Clave: intervención temprana, tratamiento, niños y adolescentes, fobia social generalizada, muestra comunitaria, experimental, Programa IAFS.The aim of this paper is to study the effects of psychological treatment Intervention of Adolescent with Social Phobia in version 10-14 years. The sample is composed by 45 children and adolescents (75,5% female; 24,5% male) with generalized social phobia and mean age was 12.02 years (SD = 1.44; range: 10-14 years). Participants were randomly assigned to two experimental conditions: 21 to the List Control Group and 24 to the IAFS condition. The results show significant changes in all the dependent variables assessed in the IAFS condition. Key words: early intervention, treatment, children and adolescents, generalized social phobia, community sample, experimental, IAFS Program

Meta-análisis de la eficacia de las habilidades de afrontamiento en problemas clínicos y de salud en España

In this paper the results of a meta-analytic review about the eficacy of coping skills on clinical and health problems are presented. A total of 24 independent empirical studies were found which met the selection criteria from 1980 to 1997. The effect size index chosen to summarise the results of the studies was the standardised mean difference, obtaining an average value of d+ = 1.431. The results showed statistically significant differences among applying self-control techniques, stress inoculation, and other techniques for managing anxiety, self-control being the most effective (d+= 1.971). The influence of moderator variables such as age, gender; type of problem, design quality; etc., was also analysed. Finally, theoretical and clinical implications of the results are discussed.In this paper the results of a meta-analytic review about the eficacy of coping skills on clinical and health problems are presented. A total of 24 independent empirical studies were found which met the selection criteria from 1980 to 1997. The effect size index chosen to summarise the results of the studies was the standardised mean difference, obtaining an average value of d+ = 1.431. The results showed statistically significant differences among applying self-control techniques, stress inoculation, and other techniques for managing anxiety, self-control being the most effective (d+= 1.971). The influence of moderator variables such as age, gender; type of problem, design quality; etc., was also analysed. Finally, theoretical and clinical implications of the results are discussed.En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un estudio meta-analítico sobre la eficacia de las habilidades de afrontamiento en problemas clinicos y de salud en España. Se localizaron un total de 24 estudios primarios independientes durante el periodo 1980-1997 que cumplían con los criterios de selección. El índice del tamaño del efecto elegido para resumir los resultados de los estudios fue la diferencia media tipificada, alcanzando una media de d+ = 1.431. Los resultados revelaron diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre la aplicación de las técnicas de autocontrol, la inoculación al estrés y otras técrticas para el manejo de la ansiedad, alcanzando los mayores tamaños del efecto las estrategias de autocontrol (d+ = 1.971). Se analizó la influencia de otras variables moderadoras de los resultados, tales como la edad, el género, el tipo de problema, la calidad del diseño, etc. Finalmente, se presentan las implicaciones clinicas y teóricas de los resultados

Tribological study of the AISI316L/Sapphire contact with self-lubricating films of protic ionic liquids

Ionic liquids have shown an outstanding performance as lubricants in different contacts. Protic ammonium carboxylate ionic liquids (PILs), both neat and as additives in water, are being studied as friction-reducing and wear prevention lubricants in stainless steel-sapphire contacts. When a PIL was used as additive in water, the high temperature reached at the sliding contact produced the evaporation of water and the formation of a low friction PIL boundary layer. In the present study, the formation of the PIL boundary layer on AISI316L stainless steel under static conditions is described and its lubricating performance against sapphire balls has been studied. The effect of relative humidity has been studied using a vacuum chamber. The results described in the present study show a good tribological performance of these thin surface films, in pin-on-disc tests, reducing the running-in period of high friction coefficient, preventing wear and reducing the volume of lubricant with respect to the results obtained when water+1%PIL and neat PIL are used as lubricants.Competitividad (MINECO, Spain) (MAT2011-23162 and MAT2014-55384-P) for financial support. T. Espinosa is grateful to the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD, Spain) for a research Grant (AP2010-3485)

The role of non-specific effects in the psychological treatment of adolescents with social phobia

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los efectos específicos del programa Intervención en Adolescentes con Fobia Social Generalizada (IAFS) junto a los factores inespecíficos de las intervenciones utilizadas en el tratamiento de adolescentes con fobia social (por ejemplo, características del paciente o del terapeuta, expectativas hacia el tratamiento o respecto de la atención y el apoyo prestado por el terapeuta). Para ello, se seleccionan al azar 77 adolescentes y se distribuyen aleatoriamente a cuatro condiciones experimentales: grupo de tratamiento psicológico (paquete multicomponente IAFS), grupo de transmisión de información o educativo, grupo placebo y grupo de control lista de espera. Los resultados muestran la eficacia tanto a corto como a medio plazo (12 meses) del programa IAFS, en las medidas que evalúan directamente las respuestas de ansiedad y en sus correlatos (asertividad, autoestima y adaptación). El grupo placebo también alcanza mejoras importantes en algunas de las variables mencionadas, mientras que el de transmisión de información no obtiene cambios significativos, exceptuando la variable autoestima. Palabras clave: fobia social generalizada, adolescentes, efectos específicos e inespecíficos, experimental.The aim of this study is to analyze the specific effects of the Intervention in Adolescents with Social Phobia (IAFS) program together with the nonspecific factors of the interventions used in the treatment of adolescents with social phobia (for example, characteristics of the patient or the therapist, expectations towards the treatment or the attention and support given by the (therapist). 77 adolescents were selected at random and randomly distributed between four experimental conditions: psychological treatment group (IAFS multicomponent package), transmission of information or educational group, placebo and waiting list control group. The results show the short- and medium-term effectiveness (12 months) of the IAFS according to specific measures assessing social anxiety and avoidance as well as other related constructs (assertiveness, social skills and adjustment). The placebo group achieved important improvements in some of the mentioned conditions, whereas that of information transmission did not obtained significant changes, with the exception of the self-esteem variable.Key words: generalized social phobia, adolescents, specific and nonspecific effects, experimental

Síndrome antifosfolípido primario con hemorragia alveolar refractaria e insuficiencia mitral severa: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a hematological disorder that presents a state of hypercoagulability of autoimmune origin, characterized by thrombotic venous and / or arterial thrombosis, recurrent fetal loss and antiphospholipid antibodies presence. Another manifestation of this disease is diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, clinical entity that may occur with adult respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure and high mortality. Among its causes, we find lupus erythematosus, Behcet’s disease, microscopic polyarteritis, cryoglobulinemia vasculitis, Goodpasture’s syndrome, and granulomatous vasculitis. The differential diagnosis in a patient with severe valvular disease secondary to APS is a clinical challenge. We report a case of a 31- year-old woman, diagnosed with primary antiphospholipid syndrome with severe mitral regurgitation, who presented three episodes of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, refractory to medical management. The case is discussed and a literature review is performed.El síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF)es un trastorno hematológico que cursa con un estado de hipercoagulabilidad de origen autoinmune, caracterizado por fenómenos trombóticos venosos o arteriales, pérdidas fetales recurrentes y presencia de anticuerpos antifosfolípidos. Otra manifestación de esta patología es la hemorragia alveolar difusa (HAD), entidad clínica que puede cursar con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria del adulto, falla ventilatoria y alta mortalidad. Entre sus causas se encuentran lupus eritematoso, enfermedad de Behcet, poliarteritis microscópica, vasculitis por crioglobulinemia, síndrome de Goodpasture y vasculitis granulomatosa. El diagnóstico diferencial en un paciente con enfermedad valvular severa secundaria aSAF es un reto clínico.Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 31 años con diagnóstico de SAF primario con insuficiencia mitral severa, quien presento 3 episodios de HAD refractaria al manejo médico. Se discute el caso y realizamos una revisión de la literatura

Antiwear performance of ionic liquid+graphene dispersions with anomalous viscosity-temperature behavior

New dispersions of few-layers graphene (G) in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([EMIM]) ionic liquids (ILs) with dicyanamide ([DCA]) or bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([TFSI]) anions have been obtained by mechanical mixing and sonication. IL+0.5 wt% G dispersions show constant viscosity values from 357K (for IL = [EMIM][DCA]) or from 385K (for IL = [EMIM][TFSI]) to 393K. IL + G dispersions with G > 0.5 wt% show linear viscosity increases with increasing temperature, from 306K (for [EMIM][DCA]+1 wt%G) and from 330K to 393K (for [EMIM][TFSI]+0.75 wt%G and [EMIM][TFSI]+1 wt%G). Addition of graphene improves the poor wear reducing performance of [EMIM][DCA], and prevents surface damage on steel when added to [EMIM][TFSI]. Graphene increases the load-carrying ability of ILs, forms a surface layer on the sliding path and retains wear debris, preventing the formation of large abrasive particles.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO, Spain), EU FEDER Program (Grant # MAT2017-85130-P) Este trabajo es resultado de la actividad desarrollada en el marco del Programa de Ayudas a Grupos de Excelencia de la Región de Murcia, de la Fundación Séneca, Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia (Grant # 19877/GERM/15) M.D. Avilés ha recibido una beca del MINECO (BES-2015-074836)

Early intervention in children and adolescents with social phobia

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar los efectos del tratamiento psicológico Intervención en Adolescentes con Fobia Social (IAFS) en su versión 10-14 años. La muestra la componen 45 niños y adolescentes (75,5% chicas; 24,5% varones) con Fobia Social Generalizada y una edad media de 12.02 años (DT=1.44; rango: 10-14 años). Los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a dos condiciones experimentales: 21 al Grupo Control Lista de Espera y 24 a la condición IAFS. Los resultados muestran la eficacia de la intervención psicológica frente al Grupo Control Lista de Espera en todas las variables dependientes medidas.Palabras Clave: intervención temprana, tratamiento, niños y adolescentes, fobia social generalizada, muestra comunitaria, experimental, Programa IAFS.The aim of this paper is to study the effects of psychological treatment Intervention of Adolescent with Social Phobia in version 10-14 years. The sample is composed by 45 children and adolescents (75,5% female; 24,5% male) with generalized social phobia and mean age was 12.02 years (SD = 1.44; range: 10-14 years). Participants were randomly assigned to two experimental conditions: 21 to the List Control Group and 24 to the IAFS condition. The results show significant changes in all the dependent variables assessed in the IAFS condition.Key words: early intervention, treatment, children and adolescents, generalized social phobia, community sample, experimental, IAFS Program