Un altre programari és possible. L'experiència de l'escola Mata de Jonc

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Identificación del crecimiento bacteriano en las manos del profesional de enfermería, previo al almuerzo, de un hospital público, Piura 2020

Es un estudio prospectivo y experimental; cuyo objetivo fue identificar el crecimiento bacteriano en las manos del profesional de enfermería, previo al almuerzo, de un hospital público, Piura 2020.La muestra fue personal de enfermería de un hospital público de Piura. 2020. Se empleó una ficha de recolección de datos del profesional, resultados microbiológicos, consentimiento informado y el programa Excel 19 y el Software SPSS versión 25 para procesar los resultados obtenidos. Se esperaba encontrar microorganismos en las manos del personal paramédico, considerando que, con el afán de salir almorzar, olvidaban realizar el lavado de manos según protocolo.Tesi

Acute effects of block jumps in female volleyball players: the role of performance level

Aunque el papel de la capacidad de salto en las jugadoras de voleibol es bien conocido, el efecto de la fatiga en esta habilidad no es bien conocido. El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar el efecto de una serie de saltos en bloque (BJ) en la capacidad de salto y si varía según el nivel de rendimiento. Diez jugadores de voleibol femenino de élite (EG) y 11 aficionados (AG) realizaron una intervención de fatiga que consistió en 45 BJ, que se probaron para el salto de sentadilla (SJ), el salto de contramovimiento (CMJ) y BJ antes y después de la intervención. Índice de elasticidad (EI): (100 x (CMJ - SJ) / SJ) e índice de coordinación de las extremidades superiores (ULCI): se calcularon (100 x (BJ - CMJ) / CMJ). Después de la intervención, EG mostró una disminución de 4.40% en la altura de BJ (p = 0.04; ES = 0.40), mientras que AG presentó un aumento de 1.27%, que no fue significativo (p = 0.57; ES = 0.07). Sin embargo, EG y AG no presentaron diferencias significativas en SJ (p = 0.965 y p = 0.655) y CMJ (p = 0.742 yp = 0.211) cuando se compararon los valores iniciales con la intervención posterior. Aunque EI y ULCI no mostraron diferencias significativas después de la intervención en ningún grupo (AG: p = 0.989 y p = 0.114; EG: p = 0.242 yp = 0.205, respectivamente), AG presentó un tamaño de efecto medio (ES = 0.50) en EI y una pequeña en ULCI (ES = 0.37), también EG mostró un efecto medio-grande en ULCI (ES = 0.75). Estos hallazgos sugieren que el rendimiento de EG en BJ tiende a disminuir al final de una práctica específica de entrenamiento de salto. Por lo tanto, los entrenadores y preparadores físicos que trabajan con jugadores de voleibol de élite deben concentrarse en los ejercicios para mantener la capacidad de salto durante un partido.Although the role of jumping ability in female volleyball players is well recognised, the effect of fatigue on this ability is not well known. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a series of block jumps (BJ) on jumping ability and whether it varies by performance level. Ten elite (EG) and 11 amateur (AG) female volleyball players performed a fatigue intervention consisting of 45 BJ, being tested for squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) and BJ before and after the intervention. Elasticity index (EI): (100 x (CMJ - SJ)/SJ) and upper limbs coordination index (ULCI): (100 x (BJ - CMJ)/CMJ) were calculated. After the intervention, EG showed a decrease of 4.40% in BJ height (p = 0.04; ES = 0.40), whereas AG presented an increase of 1.27%, which was not significant (p = 0.57; ES = 0.07). However, EG and AG presented no significant differences in SJ (p = 0.965 and p = 0.655) and CMJ (p = 0.742 and p = 0.211) when comparing baseline with post-intervention. Although EI and ULCI showed no significant differences after intervention in any group (AG: p = 0.989 and p = 0.114; EG: p = 0.242 and p = 0.205, respectively), AG presented a medium effect size (ES = 0.50) in EI and a small one in ULCI (ES = 0.37), also EG showed a medium-large effect in ULCI (ES = 0.75). These findings suggest that EG performance in BJ tends to decrease at the end of a specific jump training practice. Therefore, coaches and fitness trainers working with elite volleyball players should focus on exercises to maintain jumping ability during a match.• Junta de Extremadura. Ayuda GR15020peerReviewe

Productive response of lambs fed Crescentia alata and Guazuma ulmifolia fruits in a tropical region of Mexico

polyethylene glycol (PEG) of the fruits of Crescentia alata and Guazuma ulmifolia was evaluated, the degradation kinetics of lamb diets with added fruit of the tree was determined, and the ration intake and growth rate of lambs fed these diets were measured. Twenty-five entire male lambs of 23.5± 0.44 kg body weight were used and distributed in treatments: T0 (control without fruit); T1 and T2, 15 and 30 % of the fruit of C. alata; and T3 and T4, 15 and 30 % of the fruit of G. ulmifoli

Moringa oleifera leaf meal as an environmental friendly protein source for ruminants: Biomethane and carbon dioxide production, and fermentation characteristics

Animal producers face a series of problems; one of them is the availability and high price of concentrates, in particular protein sources, which compel nutritionists to seek for less-expensive alternative protein feeds (Kholif et al., 2015). Tree leaves have been used to ameliorate this problem. Moringa oleifera Lam (syns. Moringa pterygosperm family Moringaceae) is a fodder tree growing almost worldwide and yields a high amount of biomass ranging from 43 to 115 tons per hectare (Safwat et al., 2014), with a high protein content. Kholif et al. (2015) reported the chemical composition as a protein feed containing (/kg DM) 241e277 g crude protein (CP), with about 47% of bypass protein (Becker, 1995), adequate amino acid profile (S anchez-Machado et al., 2010) and polyphenolics contents as antioxidant (Nouman et al., 2016). M. oleifera is a cheaper protein ingredient than most traditional protein feeds such as sesame and soybean meal (Kholif et al., 2015). However, like other fodder trees, M. oleifera contains secondary metabolites (Kholif et al., 2015). Plants having bioactive products such as essential oils, saponins, and condensed tannins (Guglielmelli et al., 2011; Calabr o et al., 2011) with antimicrobial properties may be exploited in ruminant production to reduce CH4 emissions and improve fermentation efficiency.Ruminal fermentation produces methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) which contribute to global warming. Therefore, several enteric CH4 and CO2 mitigation strategies have been explored recently. In this trial the effect of replacing soybean meal, as the sole protein source in a control total mixed ration (TMR) with Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) at different levels, on ruminal fermentation characteristics were studied. M. oleifera leaf meal replaced (g/100 g DM): 0 (TMR0, control), 10 (TMR10), 20 (TMR20), 30 (TMR30), 40 (TMR40), 50 (TMR50), 60 (TMR60), 70 (TMR70), 80 (TMR80), 90 (TMR90), and 100 (TMR100) of soybean meal in the rations. Rations were incubated for 48 h using rumen inoculums from goats and steers. Some interactions between inoculum TMR were observed (P < 0.05) for gas production (GP) parameters, CH4 production, and fermentation profile. Moreover, most parameters determined responded differently between animal species. Rations containing MLM decreased the asymptotic GP (P < 0.01), while they increased (P < 0.01) the rate of GP and lag of GP with both inoculums. Decreased (P < 0.05) CH4 production and increased CO2 production (P < 0.05) were observed when MLM replaced soybean meal. Diets containing MLM decreased (P < 0.05) ruminal ammonia-N and total protozoal number, while increasing (P < 0.05) total bacterial number with both goat and steer inoculums. Replacing soybean meal with MLM increased (P < 0.05) fermentation pH, but decreased (P < 0.05) organic matter degradability (OMD) with goat inoculum. Conversely, a declined (P < 0.05) in SCFA concentrations, and enhanced (P < 0.05) OMD and DM degradability compared with the control diet was observed with diets containing MLM. It is concluded that replacing soybean meal in goat and steer diets negatively affected the nutritive value of diets but decreased CH4 production. From an environmental standpoint, the replacement of soybean meal with MLM is a potential sustainable strategy to reduce CH4 production from goats and steers, and thus mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Goat inoculum was more efficient in reducing CH4 production than that of steers

Effects of xylanase supplementation on feed intake, digestibility and ruminal fermentation in Rambouillet sheep

8 páginas, 3 tablas.The present study aimed to investigate the effects of adding xylanase enzyme (XY) to a basal diet containing 300 g maize stover and 700 g concentrate/kg dry matter (DM) on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, total tract and ruminal digestibility, as well as some blood parameters. Four male Rambouillet sheep (39 ± 1·8 kg body weight), with permanent rumen and duodenum cannulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Sheep were fed a basal diet without xylanase addition (control, XY0), or with the addition of xylanase at 1 (XY1), 3 (XY3) or 6 (XY6) ¿l/g of diet DM for 84 days, with four 21-day experimental periods. Feed intake, digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters were determined on days 16¿21 in each experimental period, and the apparent ruminal neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility was determined on days 16 and 17. Treatments XY1 and XY3 increased feed intake, whereas digestibility was increased with XY6. Ruminal NDF digestibility increased when sheep were fed diets treated with xylanase. Ruminal pH, ammonia-N and acetic acid increased with xylanase treated diets. Propionic acid concentration increased with diet XY1 at 3 h post-feeding, but after 9 h post-feeding its concentration decreased in the rumen of sheep fed xylanase treated diets. Xylanase had no effect on blood urea, phosphorus and triglycerides. Addition of xylanase at 6 µl/g DM in a diet containing 300 g maize stover and 700 g concentrate/kg DM and fed to Rambouillet sheep improved feed digestibility and ruminal fermentation without affecting blood parameters.The authors acknowledge the financial support from the IAEA (Vienna, Austria) Research Contract number MEX16307 within the D3·10·27 Coordinated Research Project.Peer Reviewe

Effect of polyethylene glycol on in vitro gas production of some non-leguminous forage trees in tropical region of the south of Mexico

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of five foliages, and the effect of adding PEG during incubation on in vitro gas production (GP), metabolizable energy (ME), partitioning factor (PF24h), in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD), short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and microbial biomass production (MBP) as tools to detect the adverse effect of tannins in the foliage of non-leguminous trees.The objective of the current study was to evaluate the chemical composition and the in vitro gas production (GP) of some non-leguminous forage trees in presence or absence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Guazuma ulmifolia, Crescentia alata, Ficus glabrata, Ficus cotinifolia, Spondias purpurea, Mangifera indica, Licania arborea, Simira mexicana were collected during the rainy season, in the Bejucos locality, State of Mexico. Metabolizable energy (ME), partitioning factor (PF24h), in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD), short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and microbial biomass production (MBP) were estimated as tools to detect the adverse effects of tannins in tree foliage. The chemical composition data were analyzed in a random design, and the in vitro digestion parameters on a randomized design with 8 9 2 factorial arrangement. Chemical composition showed a wide variation (P\0.05) between species. The use of PEG increased (P\0.05) GP from the foliage of S. purpurea, L. arborea, F. glabrata and G. ulmifolia, showing activity of total phenolics and condensed tannins. Similarly, ME (5.9 MJ kg-1 DM), OMD (354.5 g kg-1 DM) and SCFA (2.3 mol/150 mL) increased (P\0.05); it was higher for S. purpurea, because of the PEG addition effect. The PF24h and MBP were different between species (P\0.05), and decreased due to PEG addition (P\0.05); the species with lower production was S. purpurea. It could be concluded that S. purpurea and F. cotinifolia represent important sources of fodder for livestock in the south region of Mexico

Influence of Salix babylonica extract addition on in vitro rumen gas production and degradability of ryegrass silage harvested in different cutting days

Four cutoffs of ryegrass after 15 days (CD15), 30 days (CD30), 45 days (CD45), and 60 days (CD60) with Salix babylonica (SB) extract at 0, 30, and 60 ml/kg ryegrass silage were ensiled for 40 days and then evaluated for the in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and gas production (GP). No interactions occurred between cutting day and SB extract for silage’s nutrient contents and in vitro GP. The DM and organic matter (OM) contents were decreased linearly with decreased crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibres, acid detergent fibres, and acid detergent lignin contents with advancing of days. In contrary, addition of SB extract increased silages’ OM and decreased CP contents. Addition of SB extract for CD15 and CD60 silages, quadratically decreased the lag time. However, SB extract increased the rate of GP and GP during the first 12 h of incubation at the level of 30 ml/kg with CD30 silage and asymptotic GP with the level 60 ml/kg of CD60 silage. Increased DM degradability (DMD) of CD30 and CD60 silages versus decreased DMD with CD15 with increased relative GP (ml gas/g DMD). It could be concluded that CD15 had the highest DM and OM content; however, higher GP was noted with CD45 and CD60. SB extract had weak effects on nutrient content and GP, and the level of 30 ml/kg DM was more effective than the level of 60 ml/kg DM