Water table fluctuation method to estimate the recharge of the free aquifer in the Guariroba river basin, Campo Grande – MS

The Guariroba river basin was decreed as an Environmental Protection Area (EPA), and with a surface of 360 km² it is of great importance to the municipality of Campo Grande because it supports almost half of the water supply system of the latter. The surface of the basin is predominantly covered by Cretaceous sediments of the Caiuá Group, which constitutes the free aquifer known as the Bauru Aquifer System (BAS). Recent studies have confirmed the contribution of the BAS in the maintenance of the base flow of surface drainage. Therefore, the quantification of groundwater recharge (GWR) becomes fundamental. This work used the water table fluctuation (WTF) method, based on variations in the piezometric surface-water measurement, to estimate the GWR of the basin. From Mar 2015–Feb 2017, monthly variations of the static level were registered in 13 tubular wells located in the Guariroba EPA. Considering a 1480 mm annual precipitation, the estimated average GWR was 356 mm⋅year–1, varying between 210–694 mm⋅year–1. Despite considering a lower value of the effective porosity parameter (Sy = 0.1) than the one suggested for the BAS, the estimated average GWR-to-precipitation ratio (24%) was more than double that the one adopted by the state environmental agency (10%)

Epidemiologia da doença reumática crônica cardíaca no Brasil nos anos de 2014 a 2018/ Epidemiology of chronic heart disease in Brazil from 2014 to 2018

A doença reumática cardíaca (DRC) é uma doença da pobreza que está relacionada com a falta de saneamento básico, como outros determinantes da má saúde. Ela é uma sequela da febre reumática aguda. A organização Mundial de Saúde e a Federação Mundial do Coração solicitaram uma diminuição de 25% na mortalidade por fatores cardiovasculares, incluindo a DRC até o ano de 2025. A cardiopatia reumática crônica tem um significativo impacto na vida dos pacientes, pois pode resultar em morte prematura em adultos, e é a causa número 1 de morbimortalidade para pacientes que tiveram a febre reumática. Objetivou-se descrever a situação epidemiológica da doença reumática crônica cardíaca no Brasil no período de 2014 a 2018. Foi realizado levantamento de estudos descritivos dos casos confirmados da doença reumática crônica cardíaca registrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), datando de 1º de janeiro de 2014 a 31 de dezembro de 2018 com taxas de mortalidade por sexo, raça/cor e faixas etárias, segundo as regiões do Brasil com base nos registros do Sinan e Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). A cardiopatia reumática é uma resultância da faringite estreptocócica não tratada, seus acontecimentos anteriores são as fontes influenciadoras da transmissão dessa infecção, que inclui o acesso a cuidados de saúde de qualidade alta e determinantes sociais de saúde. Em nível nacional, o progresso ou a falta dele, no tratamento de determinantes sociais, como saneamento básico e renda, acompanhando de perto a mortalidade das doenças cardíacas reumáticas. Prevenir o contágio inicial da febre reumática depende do diagnóstico e tratamento rápido da faringoamidalite. A erradicação do estreptococo da orofaringe é necessário.

Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae and Prepupae Defatted Meals in Diets for Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

The black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens is receiving increasing attention as a sustainable fishmeal alternative protein source for aquaculture. To date, no studies have explored the effects of fishmeal replacement with BSF V instar larvae or prepupae meals due to their peculiar nutritional properties on fish performances. This study investigated the effects of 100% replacement of fishmeal (control diet) with defatted BSF meals (V instar larvae and prepupae meals, treatments) on growth performance and welfare of zebrafish (Danio rerio), from larvae to adults, in a 60-day feeding trial. Following the inclusion of BSF meals, the expression of key genes involved in growth (igf1, igf2, mstnb, myod1, myog, myf5), hydrolysis of chitin (chia.2, chia.3, chia.5), immune- (il1b, il6, tnfα), and stress- (hsp70 and nr3c1) responses, as assessed by qPCR, was modulated in all of the molecular pathways, except for the stress response. Overall, our findings showed that both BSF meals can totally replace fishmeal without adverse impacts on adult zebrafish growth parameters (final total and standard length, final body weight, weight gain, daily growth rate, specific growth rate) and welfare, with BSF prepupae meal inducing the most beneficial effects, thus suggesting their potential application to meet fish requirements in aquaculture

Black Soldier Fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>) Larvae and Prepupae Defatted Meals in Diets for Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>)

The black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens is receiving increasing attention as a sustainable fishmeal alternative protein source for aquaculture. To date, no studies have explored the effects of fishmeal replacement with BSF V instar larvae or prepupae meals due to their peculiar nutritional properties on fish performances. This study investigated the effects of 100% replacement of fishmeal (control diet) with defatted BSF meals (V instar larvae and prepupae meals, treatments) on growth performance and welfare of zebrafish (Danio rerio), from larvae to adults, in a 60-day feeding trial. Following the inclusion of BSF meals, the expression of key genes involved in growth (igf1, igf2, mstnb, myod1, myog, myf5), hydrolysis of chitin (chia.2, chia.3, chia.5), immune- (il1b, il6, tnfα), and stress- (hsp70 and nr3c1) responses, as assessed by qPCR, was modulated in all of the molecular pathways, except for the stress response. Overall, our findings showed that both BSF meals can totally replace fishmeal without adverse impacts on adult zebrafish growth parameters (final total and standard length, final body weight, weight gain, daily growth rate, specific growth rate) and welfare, with BSF prepupae meal inducing the most beneficial effects, thus suggesting their potential application to meet fish requirements in aquaculture