INTERNATIONAL CONCEPT SYSTEM AS A STRATEGIC WAY OF MODERN SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT

The article outlines the determination of international system of pedagogical concepts in modern scientific society. The definitions of the major international terms have been explored. The purpose of the research is to define is to outline international concept system as a strategic way of modern science development. It was researched that international conceptual-categorical apparatus of pedagogical science is not only a thesaurus of concepts covering all the terms with their scientific interpretations used in the study, but also a set of interrelated concepts, which reflect the key content and functional aspects of the offered theory. The most frequently used international concepts of pedagogical science have been explained and determined in the article. Original definitions of international concepts have been offered by the authors in a summary table. The system level of scientific concepts that reflects the development degree of its theory and reveals the relationship of objects and the diversity of cognitive situations which arise during the study, education of person and allows the participant clearly outline the subject of research and build its consistent concept have been investigated during the study. It has been summed up that the operation of international concepts is a prerequisite for the study and construction of theoretical models, as well as for the study of educational processes in dynamics and prospects. It has been concluded that strict understandable system of concepts creates a conceptual-categorical apparatus of pedagogical science.

Oxygen ions as a single and combined modality in radiotherapy

Ion beam therapy is a rapidly developing branch of tumor treatment. Since ions deposit most of the energy at the end of their ranges, they are good candidates for an effective treatment of deeply-seated tumors together with an efficient sparing of the normal tissue in the beam entrance channel. Currently, only protons and carbon ions are used in clinics. This work aims at experimental study of the relevant properties and exploring the possibility of introducing another ion type, 16O oxygen, to clinical practice, primarily for treatment of hypoxic tumors. In this work, the first multi-scale description of 16O beams, including their experimental characterization from the physical and radiobiological points of view, and the following treatment planning studies, is introduced. Apart from that, the new approach suggesting the irradiation of hypoxic tumors with several primary ions, implemented to the GSI in-house treatment planning system TRiP98, is described and the corresponding treatment planning study is carried out with oxygen and helium beams. The verification of the absorbed dose profiles, as well as the in vitro cell survival experiments, including the measurements in hypoxia, were carried out at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center and GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research (Germany). These experiments confirmed the present status of the physical and radiobiological beam models for oxygen beams and the reliability of the produced treatment plans. For the first time, the benefit of oxygen ions over carbon ions for irradiation of hypoxic tumors was experimentally indicated. The further comparative study of the treatment plans with oxygen and lighter ion beams revealed that the usage of oxygen ions for hypoxic tumors allows the most uniform target coverage, decrease of the dose received by residual tissue in the entrance channel and avoiding local dose hotspots in the organs at risk. Treatment planning studies using the kill-painting approach suggested that by combining heavy and light primary beams within the same treatment plan one can further improve the outcome of radiotherapy for some cases of hypoxic tumors due to the further reduction of dose received by the critical structures and residual tissue

Development

Among the three embryonic germ layers, the mesoderm plays a central role in the establishment of the vertebrate body plan. The mesoderm is specified by secreted signaling proteins from the FGF, Nodal, BMP and Wnt families. No new classes of extracellular mesoderm-inducing factors have been identified in more than two decades. Here, we show that the pinhead (pnhd) gene encodes a secreted protein that is essential for the activation of a subset of mesodermal markers in the Xenopus embryo. RNA sequencing revealed that many transcriptional targets of Pnhd are shared with those of the FGF pathway. Pnhd activity was accompanied by Erk phosphorylation and required FGF and Nodal but not Wnt signaling. We propose that during gastrulation Pnhd acts in the marginal zone to contribute to mesoderm heterogeneity via an FGF receptor-dependent positive feedback mechanism. © 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Lt

Functional status of rowers on kayaks in the process of preliminary selection

Purpose: conduct a comprehensive study of the functional status of athletes specializing in rowing, for the subsequent determination of the prospects in this sport. Material & Methods: students of various sports schools in the age group of 13–14 years were examined, young men – 23 people, girls – 28 people, a total of 51 athletes’. Individual indicators were determined by the method of measuring the effect of the training action developed by us, and visual-motor and auditory-motor reactions, the level of musculo-articular sensitivity and coordination of movements, the power of forced inspiration and exhalation were measured. Results: the conducted studies characterize the functional state and functional capabilities of the body of athletes. The optimal structure of sports activities contributes to their improvement, which, based on the laws of development of physical qualities, in this age period, can not significantly affect the level of sports results, but it has a great impact on the emergence of a corresponding functional basis and maximum realization of individual abilities. Features of the reaction of the body of athletes are a manifestation of effective individual adaptation to intense and complex stimuli of training and competitive activity. Conclusion: proposed tests for measuring the effect of the training action, electromyoreflexometry, pneumotachometry and reverse dynamometry are quite informative in sports practice and allow you to determine and evaluate the individual prerequisites for sports achievements, to identify the individual characteristics of the athlete's body, the possibility of correcting them and managing the training process

Ge-Hg-Rich Sphalerite and Pb, Sb, As, Hg, and Ag Sulfide Assemblages in Mud Volcanoes of Sakhalin Island, Russia: An Insight into Possible Origin

We characterize the mineralogy and geochemistry of Fe, Zn, Pb, Sb, As, Hg, Ag sulfide assemblages from mud masses currently extruded by the onshore South Sakhalin and Pugachev mud volcanoes (Sakhalin Island, Russia). Abundant Tl-rich pyrite in sulfide concentrate samples from the mud volcanoes coexists with common Hg- and Ge-rich sphalerite, as well as with sporadic boulangerite, robinsonite, bournonite, galena, realgar, metacinnabar, cinnabar, acanthite, and chalcopyrite. Sphalerites are remarkably enriched in Hg (locally reaching 27 wt%) and coupled zwith permanent abnormal enrichment in Ge (3008–3408 ppm). According to single-crystal XRD analyses and Raman spectroscopy, both Hg-poor and Hg-rich sphalerites are single-phase (Zn,Hg)Scub compounds. Pyrite is of diagenetic origin, judging by its trace-element chemistry, particular morphology, and heavy S isotope composition. Another assemblage, composed of Pb-Sb-(Hg) sulfide minerals and lesser As, Cu, Ag, and Bi compounds, results from hydrothermal alteration and is genetically related to Neogene volcano-sedimentary rocks found among the ejecta of the mud volcanoes. The composition of impurities in sphalerite from mud masses indicates crystallization at temperatures lower than ~100 °C, under the leaching effect of mud volcano waters

Ge-Hg-Rich Sphalerite and Pb, Sb, As, Hg, and Ag Sulfide Assemblages in Mud Volcanoes of Sakhalin Island, Russia: An Insight into Possible Origin

We characterize the mineralogy and geochemistry of Fe, Zn, Pb, Sb, As, Hg, Ag sulfide assemblages from mud masses currently extruded by the onshore South Sakhalin and Pugachev mud volcanoes (Sakhalin Island, Russia). Abundant Tl-rich pyrite in sulfide concentrate samples from the mud volcanoes coexists with common Hg- and Ge-rich sphalerite, as well as with sporadic boulangerite, robinsonite, bournonite, galena, realgar, metacinnabar, cinnabar, acanthite, and chalcopyrite. Sphalerites are remarkably enriched in Hg (locally reaching 27 wt%) and coupled zwith permanent abnormal enrichment in Ge (3008–3408 ppm). According to single-crystal XRD analyses and Raman spectroscopy, both Hg-poor and Hg-rich sphalerites are single-phase (Zn,Hg)Scub compounds. Pyrite is of diagenetic origin, judging by its trace-element chemistry, particular morphology, and heavy S isotope composition. Another assemblage, composed of Pb-Sb-(Hg) sulfide minerals and lesser As, Cu, Ag, and Bi compounds, results from hydrothermal alteration and is genetically related to Neogene volcano-sedimentary rocks found among the ejecta of the mud volcanoes. The composition of impurities in sphalerite from mud masses indicates crystallization at temperatures lower than ~100 °C, under the leaching effect of mud volcano waters

Range margin reduction in carbon ion therapy: potential benefits of using radioactive ion beams

Radiotherapy with heavy ions, in particular, 12C beams, is one of the most advanced forms of cancer treatment. Sharp dose gradients and high biological effectiveness in the target region make them an ideal tool to treat deep-seated and radioresistant tumors, however, at the same time, sensitive to small errors in the range prediction. Safety margins are added to the tumor volume to mitigate these uncertainties and ensure its uniform coverage, but during the irradiation they lead to unavoidable damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. To fully exploit the benefits of a sharp Bragg peak, a large effort is put into establishing precise range verification methods for the so-called image-guided radiotherapy. Despite positron emission tomography being widely in use for this purpose in 12C ion therapy, the low count rates, biological washout, and broad shape of the activity distribution still limit its precision to a few millimeters. Instead, radioactive beams used directly for treatment would yield an improved signal and a closer match with the dose fall-off, potentially enabling precise in vivo beam range monitoring. We have performed a treatment planning study to estimate the possible impact of the reduced range uncertainties, enabled by radioactive 11C beams treatments, on sparing critical organs in the tumor proximity. We demonstrate that (i) annihilation maps for 11C ions can in principle reflect even millimeter shifts in dose distributions in the patient, (ii) outcomes of treatment planning with 11C beams are significantly improved in terms of meeting the constraints for the organs at risk compared to 12C plans, and (iii) less severe toxicities for serial and parallel critical organs can be expected following 11C treatment with reduced range uncertainties, compared to 12C treatments

Визначення функціонального стану спортсменів-фехтувальників

In order to develop an integrated method for selection of promising athletes in the early stages of specialization to diagnose the functional state of athletes fencers two age groups of various sports skills. The experiment involved 40 fencers. We studied the motor response (rate and accuracy) in testing, close to competitive activity, the response of visual-motor, auditory-motor and proprioceptive analyzers. These data characterize the level of fitness and functional status of the athlete, which allows us to recommend these tests for primary selection in the initial stages of preparing and assessing in the chosen sport.С целью создания комплексной методики отбора перспективных спортсменов на ранних этапах специализациипроводиласьдиагностика функционального состояния организмаспортсменов-фехтовальщиков двух возрастных групп различной спортивной квалификации. В эксперименте принимали участие 40 фехтовальщиков. Изучались двигательная реакция (темп и точность) в условиях тестирования, приближенных к соревновательной деятельности, реакция зрительно-моторных, слухо-моторных и проприоцептивных анализаторов. Полученные данныехарактеризуют уровень тренированности и функциональное состояние спортсмена, что позволяет рекомендовать данные тесты для первичного отбора на начальных этапах подготовки и оценки перспективности в избранном виде спорта.З метою створення комплексної методики відбору перспективних спортсменів на ранніх етапах спеціалізації проводилася діагностика функціонального стану організму спортсменів-фехтувальників двох вікових груп різної спортивної кваліфікації. В експерименті приймали участь 40 фехтувальників. Вивчалися рухова реакція (темп і точність) в умовах тестування, наближених до діяльності змагання, реакція зорово-моторних, слухо-моторных і пропріорецептивних аналізаторів. Отримані дані характеризують рівень тренованості і функціональний стан спортсмена, що дозволяє рекомендувати ці тести для первинного відбору на початкових етапах підготовки і оцінки перспективності в обраному виді спорту

Методичні рекомендації до виконання лабораторних робіт з навчальної дисципліни "Загальна та спортивна фізіологія". (Спортивна фізіологія) ІІ півріччя

Методичні рекомендації до виконання лабораторних робіт з навчальної дисципліни "Загальна та спортивна фізіологія". (Спортивна фізіологія) ІІ півріччя / В. Л. Богуш, І. В. Наконечний, О. В. Кувалдіна, О. С. Яцунський, В. М. Деркач, О. В. Сокол, І. Б. Марцінковський, Ю. О. Наконечна, О. О. Адаменко, О. І. Резніченко, С. В. Гетманцев. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2021. – 68 с.Вміщено методичні рекомендації до виконання лабораторних робіт. За структурою вони побудовані відповідно до курсу лекцій і містять перелік питань, які будуть розглядатись у ІІ півріччі. Призначено для студентів спеціальності 017 "Фізична культура і спорт"

Методичні рекомендації до виконання лабораторних робіт з навчальної дисципліни "Загальна та спортивна фізіологія". (Загальна фізіологія) І півріччя

Методичні рекомендації до виконання лабораторних робіт з навчальної дисципліни "Загальна та спортивна фізіологія". (Загальна фізіологія) І півріччя / В. Л. Богуш, І. В. Наконечний, О. В. Кувалдіна, О. С. Яцунський, В. М. Деркач, О. В. Сокол, І. Б. Марцінковський, Ю. О. Наконечна, О. О. Адаменко, О. І. Резніченко, С. В. Гетманцев. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2021. – 108 с.Вміщено лабораторні роботи, які поділені на теоретичну частину, де розглядаються теоретичні питання, та практичну частину, де студенти оволодівають практичними навичками з кожної теми. Значна увага приділена навчально-матеріальному забезпеченню занять та питанням професійної орієнтації для подальшого застосування отриманих знань у майбутній професійній діяльності