La formalización del voluntariado juvenil en Nicaragua en el contexto de América Latina y el Caribe

EL ARTÍCULO SE BASA EN UNA INVESTIGACIÓN QUE UTILIZA LA TEORÍA de los orígenes sociales de la sociedad civil (Salamon & Anheier, 1998) y el concepto de formalización para analizar los programas de voluntariado juvenil en Nicaragua. Describe el nivel de formalización de los mismos y lo compara con el de otros países de la subregión y de América Latina y el Caribe. También analiza la relación existente entre la formalización y orientación de estos programas y un conjunto de variables a nivel de programa, organización y país

Medidas de autocuidado en el paciente con epilepsia

ResumenEl autocuidado en epilepsia se define como el comportamiento que debe tener un paciente para optimizar el control de crisis y manejar los efectos de vivir con la enfermedad.Consta de tres áreas: la adherencia al tratamiento, el manejo de las crisis y el manejo psicosocial.Los pacientes que no logran comprender su enfermedad y manejo presentan malos resultados en salud. En cambio, un mayor conocimiento influye positivamente en la autoeficacia, capacidad para controlar su condición, mejorando su bienestar y pronóstico.Los aspectos en los cuales se debe educar a los pacientes con epilepsia son la importancia de la adecuada adherencia al tratamiento, siendo la estrategia más efectiva la simplificación del régimen posológico; primeros auxilios en crisis epilépticas y en el manejo de aspectos de la vida diaria tal como la privación de sueño, consumo de alcohol, la importancia de llevar un diario de crisis y la conducción de vehículos motorizados.SummarySelf-managment in epilepsy is defined as the behavior that a patient should have to optimize seizure control and manage the effects of living with the disease.It consists of three areas: adherence to treatment, seizures management and psychosocial management.Patients who fail to understand their disease and management perform poorly on health, however, a greater knowledge positively influences self-efficacy, ability to control their condition, improving their wellbeing and prognosis.The aspects which should educate patients with epilepsy, are the importance of adherence to treatment, and the most effective estrataegia simplifying the dosing regimen; seizure first aid and handling aspects of daily life such as sleep deprivation, alcohol consumption and the importance, keeping a seizures diaries and driving

NanoBioTechnology-guided Distraction Osteogenesis and Histiogenesis

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Veamy: an extensible object-oriented C++ library for the virtual element method

This paper summarizes the development of Veamy, an object-oriented C++ library for the virtual element method (VEM) on general polygonal meshes, whose modular design is focused on its extensibility. The linear elastostatic and Poisson problems in two dimensions have been chosen as the starting stage for the development of this library. The theory of the VEM, upon which Veamy is built, is presented using a notation and a terminology that resemble the language of the finite element method (FEM) in engineering analysis. Several examples are provided to demonstrate the usage of Veamy, and in particular, one of them features the interaction between Veamy and the polygonal mesh generator PolyMesher. A computational performance comparison between VEM and FEM is also conducted. Veamy is free and open source software

Efecto de la aplicación del herbicida metsulfuron metil en mezcla con glifosato, en el establecimiento de plantaciones de Eucalyptus globulus Labill

- Bravo, T. Forestal Mininco S.A., Los Angeles, Chile. - Muñoz, F. ;Sánchez-Olate, M. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción. Casilla 60-C, Concepción, Chile.La rentabilidad de las plantaciones de Eucalyptus globulus está en relación, entre otros factores, con la adecuada implementación de un programa de control de malezas. Según las condiciones en la cual se desarrolla la plantación, la aplicación de herbicidas antes de la plantación es una adecuada alternativa de control de las malezas. Para ello, se ha utilizado ampliamente mezcla de herbicida persistente en el suelo (Simazina) en combinación con un herbicida sistémico de amplio espectro (Glifosato). Debido al cuestionamiento ambiental del herbicida Simazina, se estudió su reemplazo por el herbicida Metsulfuron-metil. El ensayo se estableció en el año 2005 en un predio ubicado en la comuna de Mulchen, de propiedad de la empresa Forestal y Agrícola Monte Aguila S.A., de acuerdo a un diseño factorial de dos factores. Un factor es el herbicida Metsulfuron-metil en tres niveles (dosis de 50, 75 y 100 g/ha) y el otro, tiempo de carencia de plantación en dos niveles (15 y 30 días de aplicación antes de la plantación). La aplicación de Metsulfuron-metil se realizó en mezcla con Glifosato. Las variables respuesta fueron diámetro a la altura del cuello, altura y sobrevivencia de las plantas. A los 8 meses de aplicados los tratamientos hubo diferencias significativas en el crecimiento de las plantas de Eucalyptus globulus, no así, en su sobrevivencia

A volume-averaged nodal projection method for the Reissner-Mindlin plate model

We introduce a novel meshfree Galerkin method for the solution of Reissner-Mindlin plate problems that is written in terms of the primitive variables only (i.e., rotations and transverse displacement) and is devoid of shear-locking. The proposed approach uses linear maximum-entropy approximations and is built variationally on a two-field potential energy functional wherein the shear strain, written in terms of the primitive variables, is computed via a volume-averaged nodal projection operator that is constructed from the Kirchhoff constraint of the three-field mixed weak form. The stability of the method is rendered by adding bubble-like enrichment to the rotation degrees of freedom. Some benchmark problems are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and performance of the proposed method for a wide range of plate thicknesses

Differential antifungal activity of human and cryptococcal melanins with structural discrepancies

Indexación: Scopus.Melanin is a pigment found in all biological kingdoms, and plays a key role in protection against ultraviolet radiation, oxidizing agents, and ionizing radiation damage. Melanin exerts an antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and parasites. We demonstrated an antifungal activity of synthetic and human melanin against Candida sp. The members of the Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii species complexes are capsulated yeasts, which cause cryptococcosis. For both species melanin is an important virulence factor. To evaluate if cryptococcal and human melanins have antifungal activity against Cryptococcus species they both were assayed for their antifungal properties and physico-chemical characters. Melanin extracts from human hair and different strains of C. neoformans (n = 4) and C. gattii (n = 4) were investigated. The following minimum inhibitory concentrations were found for different melanins against C. neoformans and C. gattii were (average/range): 13.7/(7.8-15.6) and 19.5/(15.6-31.2) μg/mL, respectively, for human melanin; 273.4/(125- > 500) and 367.2/(125.5- > 500) μg/mL for C. neoformans melanin and 125/(62.5-250) and 156.2/(62-250) μg/mL for C. gattii melanin. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy we observed that human melanin showed a compact conformation and cryptococcal melanins exposed an amorphous conformation. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed some differences in the signals related to C-C bonds of the aromatic ring of the melanin monomers. High Performance Liquid Chromatography established differences in the chromatograms of fungal melanins extracts in comparison with human and synthetic melanin, particularly in the retention time of the main compound of fungal melanin extracts and also in the presence of minor unknown compounds. On the other hand, MALDI-TOF-MS analysis showed slight differences in the spectra, specifically the presence of a minor intensity ion in synthetic and human melanin, as well as in some fungal melanin extracts. We conclude that human melanin is more active than the two fungal melanins against Cryptococcus. Although some physico-chemical differences were found, they do not explain the differences in the antifungal activity against Cryptococcus of human and cryptococcal melanins. More detailed studies on the structure should be considered to associate structure and antifungal activity.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01292/ful