Solid Wastes Generation in Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria: Characterisation and Implication for Sustainable Waste Management

Adequate waste characterisation is a requirement for effective waste management and environmental benign waste disposal system. The objectives of this paper were to estimate the percentage of various components in characterised solid waste materials generated in selected sites in Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria. The study was undertaken for 10 weeks through the weighing of solid waste generated in the institution before their delivery to landfills. The study shows that of the average waste generated per day in the institution, food waste exhibited the highest percentage generation at 26.29%, followed by polythene bag at 19.37% then 13.64% plastic bottles, 11.59% metal cans, 10.52% paper, 7.24% plastic food pack, 5.69% other combustible wastes and 5.67% polystyrene food pack. The high composition of non biodegradable wastes from this results bears implication of the requirement of alternative waste management solutions for attaining sustainable and environmental friendly waste management system in the university community

Biochemical characterization data from Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy analyses of Rhizophora mangle L. bark-extract

This article presents biochemical characterization data, of organic functional groups and 3-D optimized structures of identified organic chemicals, from the Fourier transform infra- red (FT-IR) spectroscopy analyses of Rhizophora mangle L. bark-extract. Spectral plot from FT-IR spectroscopy instrumentation application to the Rhizophora mangle L. bark-extract, which includes numerical data of adsorbed frequencies for indicating fingerprints/vibration modes of organic functional groups, is supplied in the paper. The obtained spectrum was also rendered to the computer-based Euclidean Search ®of the Fluka Library ®reference database, for obtaining hit-list of organic chemical compounds constituted in the bark- extract. Adsorbed functional groups from the FT-IR spectroscopy, including N –H, C –N, –C ≡N, O –P( = O)(H –O) and S-containing ligands, are corroborated by the chemical com- pounds identified by the computer-based hit-list. These data of biochemical constituent characterizations are useful for gaining insights into the prospects of using bark-extract from Rhizophora mangle L. natural-plant for corrosion-protection of metallic materials in aggressive service-environments

Bioremediation: Data on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Effects on the Bioremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Soil

This data article details Pseudomonas aeruginosa effects on the bioremediation of soil that had been polluted by different concentrations, 5% w/w and 8% w/w, of raw (for simulating oil spills from wellheads) and treated (for simulating oil spills from flow lines/storage tanks) crude oil. UV/VIS spectrophotometry instrumentation was used for obtaining absorbance measurements from the Nigerian Escravos Light blend (sourced from Chevron® Nigeria) of crude oil polluting soil samples, which, thus, also simulates light and heavy onshore oil spillage scenarios, in a 30-day measurement design. Data on bioremediation effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa added to the crude oil polluted soil samples, and which were monitored at intervals via the absorbance measurement techniques, are presented in tables with ensuing analyses for describing and validating the data presented in graphs. Information from the presented data in this article is useful to researchers, the oil industries, oil prospecting communities, governments and stakeholders involved in finding solution approach to the challenges of onshore oil spills. This information can also be used for furthering research on bioremediation kinetics such as biostimulant analyses, polluting hydrocarbon content/degradation detailing, by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain of microorganism, on petroleum pollutant removal from soil that had been polluted by crude oil spillage

Assessment of wind energy potential of two sites in North-East, Nigeria

The study is used to assess the wind energy potential of Maiduguri and Potiskum, two sites in North-East, Nigeria. 21 years (1987e2007) monthly mean wind data at 10 m height were assessed from the Nigeria Meteorological department and subjected to 2-parameter Weibull and other statistical analyzes. The result showed that average monthly mean wind speed variation for Potiskum ranged from 3.90 to 5.85 m/s, while for Maiduguri, it ranged from 4.35 to 6.33 m/s. Seasonally, data variation between the dry and wet seasons revealed that, the mean wind speed variation for Potiskum ranged from 4.46 (for dry) to 5.16 m/s (for wet), while for Maiduguri it ranged from 5.10 (dry) to 5.59 m/s (wet). The wind power density variation based on the Weibull analysis ranged from 102.54 to 300.15 W/m2 for Potiskum and it ranged from 114.77 to 360.04 W/m2 for Maiduguri respectively. Moreover, Maiduguri was found to be the better of the sites in terms of monthly and seasonal variation of mean wind speed, but they both can be suitable for stand alone and medium scale wind power generation

Investigating Solanum Aethiopicum Leaf-Extract and Sodium-Dichromate Effects on Steel-Rebar Corrosion in Saline/Marine Simulating-Environment: Implications on Sustainable Alternative for Environmentally-Hazardous Inhibitor

This paper investigates Solanum aethiopicum leaf-extract and the well-known but environmentally-hazardous sodium-dichromate inhibitor effects on concrete steel-rebar corrosion in 3.5% NaCl medium (simulating saline/marine environment). Different equal-concentration models (wt% cement) of the natural-plant leaf-extract and of sodium-dichromate were admixed in steel-reinforced concrete slabs from which electrochemical test-measurements were obtained for comparing admixture performance. Test-results, analysed as per ASTM G16-95 R04, showed that only the 0.083% sodium-dichromate admixture outperformed the 0.083% Solanum aethiopicum leaf-extract in corrosion inhibition effectiveness. The other natural-plant leaf-extract exhibited better inhibition-efficiency performance than their equal-concentration models of sodium-dichromate. The 0.25% Solanum aethiopicum leaf-extract exhibited optimal performance, η = 98.28%, at inhibiting steel-rebar corrosion among the also effective different concentrations of the plant-extract and of sodium-dichromate admixtures employed. These and phytochemical test-results bare indications that Solanum aethiopicum leaf-extract is a suitable, sustainable and eco-friendly alternative for the environmentally-hazardous sodium-dichromate inhibitor of steel-rebar corrosion in concrete designed for saline/marine environments

Aniline effect on concrete steel rebar degradation in saline and sulfate media

Electrochemical potential monitoring experiments were performed on mild steel rebars embedded in concrete admixed with aniline inhibitor and fixed amount of sodium chloride salt partially immersed in sulfuric acid and sodium chloride solution. The open circuit potential corrosion monitoring technique was employed and the potential readings were taken in accordance with ASTM C 876. Repressive attribute and consistency of the inhibitor was then estimated by the Weibull probability density distribution as an extreme value statistical modeling approach to study performance effectiveness and to predict the most efficient inhibitor concentration in each media. Aniline effect on the compressive strengths of the reinforced concrete samples was also investigated and reported. Varying concentrations of the inhibitor were used and its performance improved as concentration changed in NaCl medium, while no particular order of performance was noted in sulfuric medium. In the statistically analyzed experimental results for each of the inhibitor concentrations employed, 0.34 and 0.41 M aniline admixed samples were identified as exhibiting the best inhibiting quality in sodium chloride while 0.14 M aniline was predicted as showing the lowest probability of corrosion risk in sulfuric acid medium. The overall effective inhibitive performance in sulfuric acid was less when compared to the sodium chloride medium. Concrete sample admixed with 0.41 M aniline had the highest improvement in compressive strength in both media

Bioremediation : data on biologically‐mediated remediation of crude oil (Escravos Light) polluted soil using Aspergillus niger

Abstract: This article presents data on Aspergillus niger effects on the biologically‐mediated remediation of soil polluted by raw and treated crude oil (Escravos Light blend). Absorbance of different concentrations of polluted soil samples (5% and 8% w/w) and types (raw and treated), for simulating different onshore crude oil spill, were obtained from the Aspergillus niger inoculated samples using ultra violet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectrophotometry. This measurement was carried out for each sample at selected intervals for the 30‐ day measurements. The bioremediation data, presented in the article, were subjected to descriptive/analytical statistics of probability density functions and goodness‐of‐fit test‐statistics for dataset‐detailing and dataset‐comparisons. Information details from these data of biologically‐mediated remediation of crude oil polluted soil are useful for furthering research on bioremediation kinetics such as hydrocarbon content analyses, crude oil pollutant removal performance, biodegradation rate parameter and biostimulant efficiencies by the Aspergillus niger effects on the different concentrations of polluted soil

Data on triethylenetetramine effect on steel‐rebar corrosion‐rate in concrete immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4

Abstract: In this article, the dataset on the effect of different triethylenetetramine (TETA: C6H18N4) concentrations on the corrosion‐rate of steel‐rebar embedment in steel‐reinforced concrete immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 (for simulating industrial/microbial environment) is presented. The corrosion test‐data was obtained from weekly monitoring, over seven weeks of steel‐reinforced concrete immersion, using linear‐polarizationresistance (LPR) measuring instrument. The dataset and its requisite analyses, as per ASTM G16—13, are presented in graphs and tables. The analyses detailed include descriptive statistics of the Normal, Gumbel and Weibull probability distribution functions (pdf’s), and tests‐of‐fit significance by the Kolmogorov‐ Smirnov goodness‐of‐fit statistics. The detailed information from this corrosion tests dataset is useful for further research on the inhibition mechanism and effectiveness of the triethylenetetramine chemical on the corrosion‐protection of reinforcing‐steel material in steel‐reinforced concrete designed for the industrial/microbial service‐environment

Predictive Model of Moment of Resistance for Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Section under Actions

Generally engineering design requires adequate data, good understanding of methods of analysis and ability to use them effectively and accurately for creative processes. A model is developed for predicting implications of various combinations of sectional dimensions in structural reinforced concrete elements. The method adopted is purely mathematical technique of modeling, concept and application. The paper thus aimed at increasing design understanding for effectiveness and precision to ensure safety in structural design. A concrete rectangular section of singly reinforced status was used as a case study. The section was analyzed from stress-strain relationship to formulate the governing equation.  This was simulated to describe the relationship between the variable parameters and predict the behavior of a rectangular section under loads. The section is specified by breadth b, total depth h and moment of resistance MR. Thus the adequate sectional dimension can be accurately selected for design. Keywords: Reinforced Concrete, Stress-Strain Relationship, Rectangular Section and Moment of Resistanc

Rhizophora mangle L. leaf biochemical characterization : natural-green totalcorrosion inhibition prospect on concrete steel-reinforcement in 3.5% NaCl

Abstract: Effective corrosion-protection by plant-extract on metals, in aggressive service-environment, is dependent on the biochemical constituents of which the natural plant is made-up. This paper investigates biochemical characterization of inorganic and organic constituents of Rhizophora mangle L. leaf for gaining insight on its steel-reinforcement corrosion mitigating prospect in NaCl-immersed concretes. For the study, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and phytochemical screening analyses were employed. Totalcorrosion effect was also studied from steel-reinforced concrete samples, having different concentrations of the leaf-extract as admixture, and which were immersed in 3.5% NaCl (simulating saline/marine environment). Results, by AAS, showed that Rhizophora mangle L. leaf inorganic constituents were highest in iron, Fe = 10,316.17 μg/g and lowest in cadmium, Cd = 6.2019 μg/g but has neither lead (Pb) nor chromium (Cr). Also, organic constituents, by FT-IR, indicated extract from the leaf constitutes aromatic chained compounds rich in π-electrons as well as sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen-bearing ligands to which iron (steelrebar) exhibits coordinate affinity. Phytochemical characterization showed that the leaf-extract contains alkaloids, tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, steroids and glycosides. Corrosion-inhibiting prospect testing, using the leaf-extract, indicated reduced steel-reinforcement totalcorrosion effects that correlated with the extract admixture concentrations employed in the 3.5% NaCl-immersed steel-reinforced concretes