Research trends concerning school children's change of eating behavior during school lunches and their formation of sense of eating with company

本稿の目的は，学校給食の機能に着目し，児童の食行動や食事観の形成に影響を与える要因についての研究動向をまとめ，現代における｢共食｣を目指した給食指導の留意点を明らかにすることである。先行研究は次の三つに分類･整理した。一つめは，児童の給食指導を担う教師の影響を探究したものである。二つめは，児童の発達段階の影響を調査したもので，三つ目は食環境の影響に焦点を当てたものである。先行研究の動向から明らかになったことは，二点ある。一点目は，児童の食事に対する意識を捉える場合は調査票を用いた量的調査を，児童の食行動の変容を追究する場合は質的調査を各研究者が利用していたことである。二点目は，児童の食事観は家庭だけでなく給食においても様々な影響を受け，形成されるということである。したがって，教師や研究者は，｢共食｣を目指した給食指導に，児童の社会化を促す役割が含まれているということを認識する必要がある

The exploration of psychological mechanism underlying ibasyo feeling in female undergraduates : the relations with over-adaptation, depression, and self-esteem.

The present study explored the relationships among "ibashyo" feeling , over-adaptation, and psychological health in female undergraduates. "Ibasyo" Feeling Scale (Kishi & Moroi, 2011), Over-Adaptation Scale (Ishizu & Ambo, 2008), the Self-rating Depression Scale (Zung, 1965), and Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1979) were administered to female undergraduates (N=424). By the factor analysis (likelihood method with promax rotations), five factors for "Ibasyo" Feeling Scale and four factors for Over-Adaptation Scale were extracted. According to the covariance structure analysis, over-adaptation deteriorated positive feeling for "ibasyo" and psychological health, and positive feeling for "ibasyo" heightened the psychological health. The significance of research in psychological mechanism underlying "ibasyo" feeling was discussed.論

Successful Laparoscopy-Assisted Resection of the Descending Colon in a Patient with Multiple Large Renal Cysts and Stricture of the Colon due to Ischemic Colitis

Large pathological structures in the abdominal cavity curb the application of laparoscopic surgery. This case report describes a successful laparoscopy-assisted colectomy for benign colon disease in a patient with multiple large renal cysts. An 82-year-old man was referred to our department for treatment of stenosis of descending colon secondary to ischemic colitis. An abdominal computed tomography revealed multiple large renal cysts occupying a large proportion of the peritoneal cavity. To minimize the postoperative recovery period, laparoscopic surgery was planned despite the renal cysts. After inserting access ports, the walls of the several renal cysts were fenestrated with an electronic scalpel and the serous fluid was aspirated to enable continuation of the laparoscopic colectomy. The left colon was mobilized and extracted through an incision at the umbilicus, and the affected part of the colon was resected safely. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful, and the present case suggests that laparoscopy-assisted colectomy can be performed safely even in patients with multiple large renal cysts

Nuclear Physics from Lattice QCD

We review recent progress toward establishing lattice Quantum Chromodynamics as a predictive calculational framework for nuclear physics. A survey of the current techniques that are used to extract low-energy hadronic scattering amplitudes and interactions is followed by a review of recent two-body and few-body calculations by the NPLQCD collaboration and others. An outline of the nuclear physics that is expected to be accomplished with Lattice QCD in the next decade, along with estimates of the required computational resources, is presented.Comment: 56 pages, 39 pdf figures. Final published versio

Effectiveness of simulation learning program for mastering public health nursing skills to enhance strength of community: A quasi-experimental design

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a simulation learning program for mastering public health nursing skills to enhance strength of community, and to verify its effectiveness. Methods: The program is one-day session to master the skills from three exercises. This study adopts a quasi-experimental design. We selected unbiased 34 participants in intervention group and 30 participants in control group, and conducted self-administered questionnaire surveys at three points in time: pre, post 1 and post 2. Three tools were used to measure the required outcome. For the outcome evaluation, we calculated the changes in the mean value of each tool between pre and post 1 and between pre and post 2, and compared them between the two groups. Results: The change of intervention group in the total score at the post 1 stage from the pre stage was significantly higher than control group regarding each of the scales (P < .05). Conclusions: The program was found to be effective in upgrading the skills of less-experienced public health nurses to enhance strength of community

テンネン ガタ アブシジン サン ノ ドジョウ サンプ ガ ウンシュウミカン ノ カジツ ヒダイ ト ヒンシツ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ

植物ホルモンの天然型アブシジン酸(S-ABA)を土壌散布処理し,ウンシュウミカンの果実の肥大と品質に及ぼす影響を2009年と2010年に調べた。両年ともS-ABA土壌散布(0,0.1,1,10ppm)を果実肥大期の7月と9月に2回行ったところ,果実の肥大が促進され,S-ABA区で果重,果実の横径,縦径が大きくなった。一方,果皮色は,S-ABA処理区で着色が両年とも抑制された。糖含量はS-ABA処理区で低くなりS-ABA 10ppm区が最も低かった。酸度はS-ABA処理区と対照区の間に有意な差はみられなかった。果汁中のカリウム含量が対照区に比較してS-ABA処理区で高く,その処理濃度が高くなるにつれてカリウム含量が増加した。これらの結果より,根へのS-ABA処理は果実の肥大と成熟に作用することが示された。In 2009 and 2010, we conducted experiments to investigate the effects of soil application of the naturally occurring form of abscisic acid (S-ABA), a type of plant hormone, at four concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 10ppm) on the development and quality of satsuma mandarin fruit. In both years, S-ABA was applied to the soil twice during the fruit development stage. In both years, S-ABA application promoted fruit development, indicated by increases in fruit fresh weight, as well as transverse and longitudinal diameters of fruit, on S-ABA-treated trees. At the same time, fruit coloration was delayed in fruits from S-ABA-treated trees. Sugar contents of fruit were reduced by S-ABA treatment, and the lowest sugar content was recorded with 10ppm S-ABA treatment. No significant differences in acidity were observed between fruit from S-ABA-treated and control trees. In addition, the potassium contents of fruit juice from S-ABA-treated trees were elevated when compared with levels in control trees. The above results demonstrate that treatment of roots with S-ABA via soil application promotes fruit development and inhibits fruit maturation

Prevalence and associated factors of chronic constipation among Japanese university students

BackgroundChronic constipation (CC) is one of the most frequently reported gastrointestinal disorders in the general population and a prominent problem among university students. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and the associated factors of CC among Japanese university students.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among university students at Hiroshima University, Japan. Students answered the web questionnaire when making a web reservation for the health checkup (April 1 to May 31, 2023). The web questionnaire consisted of four sections, including baseline characteristics, lifestyle factors, family history of CC, and three scales to assess depression and eating disorders: the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT)-26 and Bulimic Investigatory Test (BITE). CC was diagnosed using Rome IV criteria. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine CC-related factors.ResultsOut of 10,500 individuals who participated in the annual health checkup, 7,496 participants answered the web questionnaire, of whom 5,386 answered all the survey questions. The mean age of the students was 21.1 ± 4.1 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.17. The prevalence of CC was 13.7%. Factors significantly associated with CC in the multivariate model were first-degree family members with CC [Odd ratio (OR): 2.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.31–3.31], severe depression according to BDI scale (OR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.96–3.43), female sex (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.69–2.36), and short sleep duration of 6 hours or less per day (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.09–1.50). Lack of physical exercise tended to be associated with CC (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.00–1.40).ConclusionsCC is prevalent among Japanese university students. Significant risk factors for CC included the first-degree family history of CC, severe depression, female sex, and short sleep duration. Lack of physical exercise tended to be associated with CC. This may contribute to implementing suitable education health programs, health care professionals, and public health policies to identify individuals at risk for CC to prevent and treat CC effectively