Design and Manufacture of the RF Power Supply and RF Transmission Line for SANAEM Project Prometheus

A 1-5 MeV proton beamline is being built by the Turkish Atomic Energy Authority in collaboration with a number of graduate students from different universities. The primary goal of the project, is to acquire the design ability and manufacturing capability of all the components locally. SPP will be an accelerator and beam diagnostics test facility and it will also serve the detector development community with its low beam current. This paper discusses the design and construction of the RF power supply and the RF transmission line components such as its waveguide converters and its circulator. Additionally low and high power RF test results are presented to compare the performances of the locally produced components to the commercially available ones.Comment: 19 pages, 26 figure

Pulsed Beam Tests at the SANAEM RFQ Beamline

A proton beamline consisting of an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source, two solenoid magnets, two steerer magnets and a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) is developed at the Turkish Atomic Energy Authority's (TAEA) Saraykoy Nuclear Research and Training Center (SNRTC-SANAEM) in Ankara. In Q4 of 2016, the RFQ was installed in the beamline. The high power tests of the RF power supply and the RF transmission line were done successfully. The high power RF conditioning of the RFQ was performed recently. The 13.56 MHz ICP source was tested in two different conditions, CW and pulsed. The characterization of the proton beam was done with ACCTs, Faraday cups and a pepper-pot emittance meter. Beam transverse emittance was measured in between the two solenoids of the LEBT. The measured beam is then reconstructed at the entrance of the RFQ by using computer simulations to determine the optimum solenoid currents for acceptance matching of the beam. This paper will introduce the pulsed beam test results at the SANAEM RFQ beamline. In addition, the high power RF conditioning of the RFQ will be discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures. Proceedings of the International Particle Accelerator Conference 2017 (IPAC'17), May 14-19, 2017, TUPAB015, p. 134

Compact Measurement Station for Low Energy Proton Beams

A compact, remote controlled, cost efficient diagnostic station has been developed to measure the charge, the profile and the emittance for low energy proton beams. It has been installed and tested in the proton beam line of the Project Prometheus at SANAEM of the Turkish Atomic Energy Authority.Comment: 7 pages 2 column

Mechanism of metabolic control. Target of rapamycin signaling links nitrogen quality to the activity of the Rtg1 and Rtg3 transcription factors.

De novo biosynthesis of amino acids uses intermediates provided by the TCA cycle that must be replenished by anaplerotic reactions to maintain the respiratory competency of the cell. Genome-wide expression analyses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveal that many of the genes involved in these reactions are repressed in the presence of the preferred nitrogen sources glutamine or glutamate. Expression of these genes in media containing urea or ammonia as a sole nitrogen source requires the heterodimeric bZip transcription factors Rtg1 and Rtg3 and correlates with a redistribution of the Rtg1p/Rtg3 complex from a predominantly cytoplasmic to a predominantly nuclear location. Nuclear import of the complex requires the cytoplasmic protein Rtg2, a previously identified upstream regulator of Rtg1 and Rtg3, whereas export requires the importin-beta-family member Msn5. Remarkably, nuclear accumulation of Rtg1/Rtg3, as well as expression of their target genes, is induced by addition of rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of the target of rapamycin (TOR) kinases. We demonstrate further that Rtg3 is a phosphoprotein and that its phosphorylation state changes after rapamycin treatment. Taken together, these results demonstrate that target of rapamycin signaling regulates specific anaplerotic reactions by coupling nitrogen quality to the activity and subcellular localization of distinct transcription factors

Classification of the 4 stages of diabetic retinopathy using a low complexity convolutional neural network.

Diabetic Retinopathy is an eye disease that affects the blood vessels of the retina tissue found in the back of the eye. The blood vessels in the retina discharge fluid or cause hemorrhage when affected by diabetic retinopathy. It leads to loss of eye vision with people with diabetics and also among working adults. The disease may advance in four stages which include Mild nonproliferative, moderate nonproliferative, severe nonproliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In the mild stage also known as background retinopathy, lumps occur in the blood vessel and distort a little amount of blood. At this stage, you are at high risk of experiencing visual problems in the future, and to avoid the problem from escalating it is advised you take care and be more cautious. In the second stage, the blood vessels bulge and leak the blood, and there might be a high risk of vision infection. After the second stage, new blood vessels are formed causing severe bleeding and leading retina to pull away from the back of the eye in the third stage. In the proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the blood vessels in the macula found in the center of the retina distort and block. At this phase, you are advised to see a hospital specialist and having an often visit to monitor the eyes. Early detection of this disease is vital as it can prevent blindness from people suffering from diabetic retinopathy. Nowadays, using computer skills to diagnose eye illnesses is very common. In this study, by using a Low Complexity Convolutional Neural Network, you could address the stages of Diabetic Retinopathy. CNN accurately detect the phases and segmentation of images of the disease by using spatial analysis with a higher diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity as 89.1%, 86.6%, and 96.4%, respectively

Posture-induced changes in peripheral nerve stiffness measured by ultrasound shear-wave elastography

Introduction: Peripheral nerves slide and stretch during limb movements. Changes in nerve stiffness associated with such movements have not been examined in detail but may be important in understanding movement-evoked pain in patients with a variety of different musculoskeletal conditions. Methods: Shear-wave elastography was used to examine stiffness in the median and tibial nerves of healthy individuals during postures used clinically to stretch these nerves. Results: Shear-wave velocity increased when limbs were moved into postures that are thought to increase nerve stiffness (mean increase: median nerve = 208% in arm, 236% in forearm; tibial nerve = 136%). There was a trend toward a negative correlation between age and shear-wave velocity (r = 0.58 for tibial nerve). Conclusions: Shear-wave elastography provides a tool for examining nerve biomechanics in healthy individuals and patients. However, limb position, age, and effects of nerve tension on neural architecture should be taken into consideration