Hadruroides Pocock, 1893.

56 p. : ill. (some col.), maps ; 26 cm. "June 25, 2010."We review the taxonomy of the Hadruroides Pocock, 1893 (Iuridae: Caraboctoninae), scorpions of Peru, describe six new species from the north of the country, and report new records of other poorly known species. The description of these species raises to 16 the number of described species in the genus, 13 of which occur in Peru. Four species inhabit dry forest in northern Peru: H. charcasus (Karsch, 1879); H. chinchaysuyu, n. sp.; H. geckoi, n. sp.; H. leopardus Pocock, 1900. Three species occur in inter-Andean valleys along the Cordillera: H. bustamantei Ochoa and Chaparro, 2008; H. carinatus Pocock, 1900; H. mauryi Francke and Soleglad, 1980. Six species inhabit desert along the Pacific coast: H. aguilari Francke and Soleglad, 1980; H. graceae, n. sp.; H. juanchaparroi, n. sp.; H. lunatus (L. Koch, 1867); H. tishqu, n. sp.; H. vichayitos, n. sp. Most species of Hadruroides have restricted distributions, except H. charcasus and H. lunatus, which are apparently more widely distributed. We consider it necessary to reassess all previous records of the latter two species, because we suspect several are based on misidentifications

Novel effects of strains in graphene and other two dimensional materials

The analysis of the electronic properties of strained or lattice deformed graphene combines ideas from classical condensed matter physics, soft matter, and geometrical aspects of quantum field theory (QFT) in curved spaces. Recent theoretical and experimental work shows the influence of strains in many properties of graphene not considered before, such as electronic transport, spin-orbit coupling, the formation of Moir\'e patterns, optics, ... There is also significant evidence of anharmonic effects, which can modify the structural properties of graphene. These phenomena are not restricted to graphene, and they are being intensively studied in other two dimensional materials, such as the metallic dichalcogenides. We review here recent developments related to the role of strains in the structural and electronic properties of graphene and other two dimensional compounds.Comment: 75 pages, 15 figures, review articl

Irrigation from the Sixties: Flumen-Monegros

53 Pags.- Tabls.- Maps.In arid and semiarid areas, agricultural land use is mainly restricted, in the first place, by the availability of water for crop growth. The transformation to irrigation of about 600 000 ha in the Ebro Valley has led to high increases in yield and in diversity of crops. After the Spanish Civil War (1936-39), which was followed by II World War, the Spanish food production system was heavily disrupted and food shortages appeared. This put high pressure on the development of new irrigated schemes which had been planned many years ago. In the Flumen-Monegros area, the technology available in the late fifties was based on flood-irrigation systems, with no previous soil studies, an empirical land evaluation, no control of saltinization risk and, finally, levelling without topsoil preservation. The extension of salinity and/or sodicity-affected soils in the Ebro Valley (IRYDA, 1977) was 200 000 ha, from which 160 000 were located in Aragon, mainly in Bardenas, Cinca and Flumen-Monegros area. But Alberto et al. (1984) reckron this data in 300 000 ha. As a result of these studies, ILACO (1975) designed two experimental drainage plots. Although the existence of salt-affected soils was known, information about the extent, location and general functioning at landscape level of those soils was lacking in the area. Some of the problems related to land use and soil management which are present now in the area or can be expected in the near future are:- Salinity-Sodicity: Diagnosis, monitoring and rehabilitation of salt-affected soils. - Soil structural degradation and surface crust formation. - Need for improved efficiency in water use: irrigation technology, water reuse, ... - Control of drainage-system degradation: open-air drains as well as underground drains. Several approaches at different scales have been adopted to work on these issues. Satellite images have been used to monitor land use and its temporal variability. Classical soil mapping at 1: 100000 level have been performed; in addition various detailed studies have been undertaken in model areas using the electromagnetic and four electrode sensors, micromorphological techniques, scanning electronic microscopy, and land evaluation procedures. The results have been presented in several papers: about salinity-sodicity trends in the Flumen sector (Herrero, 1987); about parameters related to water behaviour (Aragues, 1986); about soil porosity in plough horizons (Rodriguez-Ochoa, 1998); about translocation of solid materials (Rodriguez-Ochoa, et al. 1989; Porta and Rodriguez-Ochoa, 1991; Rodriguez-Ochoa, 1998); about degradation of underground drainage systems by mineral siltation (Herrero et al. 1989; Rodriguez-Ochoa, et al. 1989; Munoz, 1991; RodriguezOchoa, 1998).Other studies performed in the area include: Soil-vegetation relationships (Herrero, 1981); laboratory trials with different amendments in the drainage trench infilling material (Porta et al. 1996); dispersive processes because of soil structural instability (Amezketa and Aragues, 1990; Aragues and Amezketa, 1991; Amezketa and Aragues, 1995) and degradation of the hydraulic conductivity of soils (Amezketa and Aragues, 1989; Aragues and Amezketa, 1991; Amezketa and Aragues, 1995). The trip to the Flumen-Monegros area undertakes some of these points, and the stops are located in some of the main soil units. Discussion will be centered on aspects of soil genesis, classification and mapping, land use and soil conservation.Peer reviewe

Troglomorphic scorpion Troglotayosicus humiculum (Scorpiones, Troglotayosicidae).

19 p. : ill. (some col.), map ; 26 cm. "June 25, 2010." Includes bibliographical references (p. 18-19).The endemic Colombian troglomorphic scorpion, Troglotayosicus humiculum Botero-Trujillo and Francke, 2009, previously known only from the juvenile holotype, is redescribed based on newly collected adults of both sexes. New data on basitarsal spination, telotarsal setation, and carination of the metasoma and pedipalps, together with the first description of the hemispermatophore and a revised interpretation of the trichobothria, are provided, along with brief discussions of the ecology and distribution of the species

Treatment of obesity in children and adolescents. How nutrition can work?

Overweight appears when persistent positive energy imbalances occur for long periods of time. Knowledge of dietary risk factors during childhood and adolescence is needed in order to design preventive measures against the increase in the prevalence of obesity and its consequences but is, however, largely missing. Longitudinal studies in children have not found clear causal associations between energy intake or diet composition and overweight development. Research has been ongoing to develop effective intervention studies for obese children but it is not clear which intervention is the most effective in assisting overweight/obese children to improve body composition without affecting growth rates. The objective of this article is to review the available knowledge on dietary risk factors for the development of childhood obesity, to discuss different dietary treatment strategies, and to propose an evidence-based approach to treat obese adolescents

A new species of Acanthoscurria (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae) without stridulatory organ, from southern Peru

Acanthoscurria sacsayhuaman sp. nov. (Araneae: Theraphosidae) is described based on a male from Cusco, Peru. The new species is characterized by the absence of stridulatory bristles on retrolateral face of palpal trochanter. Moreover, it can be distinguished by morphology of the male palpal bulb and tibial apophysis of the first pair of legs. The genus is recorded for the first time for Peru.Se describe Acanthoscurria sacsayhuaman sp. nov. (Araneae: Theraphosidae) en base a un macho proveniente de Cusco, Perú. Esta especie se diferencia del resto de las especies del género por la ausencia de setas estriduladoras en la cara retrolateral del trocánter del pedipalpo. Además, puede separarse por la forma del bulbo del macho y la apófisis tibial del primer par de patas. Se registra por primera vez el género para Perú.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

A new species of Acanthoscurria (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae) without stridulatory organ, from southern Peru

Acanthoscurria sacsayhuaman sp. nov. (Araneae: Theraphosidae) is described based on a male from Cusco, Peru. The new species is characterized by the absence of stridulatory bristles on retrolateral face of palpal trochanter. Moreover, it can be distinguished by morphology of the male palpal bulb and tibial apophysis of the first pair of legs. The genus is recorded for the first time for Peru.Se describe Acanthoscurria sacsayhuaman sp. nov. (Araneae: Theraphosidae) en base a un macho proveniente de Cusco, Perú. Esta especie se diferencia del resto de las especies del género por la ausencia de setas estriduladoras en la cara retrolateral del trocánter del pedipalpo. Además, puede separarse por la forma del bulbo del macho y la apófisis tibial del primer par de patas. Se registra por primera vez el género para Perú.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

A new species of Acanthoscurria (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae) without stridulatory organ, from southern Peru

Acanthoscurria sacsayhuaman sp. nov. (Araneae: Theraphosidae) is described based on a male from Cusco, Peru. The new species is characterized by the absence of stridulatory bristles on retrolateral face of palpal trochanter. Moreover, it can be distinguished by morphology of the male palpal bulb and tibial apophysis of the first pair of legs. The genus is recorded for the first time for Peru.Se describe Acanthoscurria sacsayhuaman sp. nov. (Araneae: Theraphosidae) en base a un macho proveniente de Cusco, Perú. Esta especie se diferencia del resto de las especies del género por la ausencia de setas estriduladoras en la cara retrolateral del trocánter del pedipalpo. Además, puede separarse por la forma del bulbo del macho y la apófisis tibial del primer par de patas. Se registra por primera vez el género para Perú.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Rumikiru, n. gen. (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae), a new scorpion genus from the Atacama Desert

Rumikiru, n. gen., a new bothriurid scorpion genus from the coastal Atacama Desert, Chile, is described. This is the first scorpion genus endemic to northern Chile. It is most closely related to Pachakutej Ochoa, 2004, from the inter-Andean valleys of Peru. Orobothriurus lourencoi Ojanguren-Affilastro, 2003, is transferred to the new genus and redescribed, creating Rumikiru lourencoi (Ojanguren-Affilastro, 2003), n. comb., and a second species of the genus, Rumikiru atacama, n. sp., is described.Fil: Ojanguren Affilastro, Andres Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Mattoni, Camilo Ivan. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Diversidad Animal I; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ochoa, José A.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil. Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco. Museo de Historia Natural; PerúFil: Prendini, Lorenzo. American Museum Of Natural History; Estados Unido

Revision of Orobothriurus Maury, 1976.

90 p. : ill. (some col.), maps ; 26 cm.The systematics of the Andean scorpion genus, Orobothriurus Maury, 1976 (Bothriuridae Simon, 1880), is revised. New locality records, obtained during recent field expeditions, distribution maps, and a key to identification of the 15 known species, are provided. Six new species are described: Orobothriurus calchaqui, n. sp., from northwestern Argentina; Orobothriurus compagnuccii, n. sp., from the central Andes of Argentina; Orobothriurus huascaran, n. sp., from central Peru; Orobothriurus quewerukana, n. sp., from southern Peru and northern Chile; Orobothriurus ramirezi, n. sp., from central Chile; and Orobothriurus tamarugal, n. sp., from northern Chile. The known distribution of Orobothriurus and the altitude record for scorpions are discussed. The world's altitude record for a scorpion, previously reported as 5550 m, is demonstrated to be 4910 m