Poetics of presence: the work of Oliverio Girondo, Jorge Eduardo Eielson, and the Noigandres group of concrete poetry

At the end of the nineteenth century there emerged a set of poetic principles that considered the existence of the poem beyond verse, feet, the accepted set of poetic forms and most importantly considered that the poem did not only belong to the realm of temporal arts, but that also could have a presence in space. At the beginnings of the twentieth century Modernism and the avant-garde carried on these principles of innovation. But by the end of the 1930s these efforts seem to reach an end. In Latin America in particular poetry by that time seemed to become more interested in social and historical issues than in experimentation and innovation of forms. However, there were some poets who never abandoned their innovative spirit. It was in the 1950s that a second wave of artists looked back to the spirit of those innovators of Modernism and the historical avant-garde movements in order to reconnect with that tradition. They saw that in their efforts there was a lot more at stake than the simple search for new forms; there was a revolution in the conception of poetry. In their work they found new conceptions about the organisation of the work of literature that could be indicative of a new poetic reality, one where poetry was no longer constrained by time based structures. Those implications reverberated to the very roots of the existence of the work of literature. The works analysed and interpreted in this work belong to that second wave of innovative artists that searched for the extension of the poem out of the realm of temporality and into the domain of space. That is, they wanted to make the poem present in the world.This thesis discusses the work of Argentinean poet Oliverio Girondo, Peruvian poet and artist Jorge Eduardo Eielson, and the Brazilian Noigandres group of concrete poetry in relation to the issues and concepts of presence in their work. New ways of organising the work of literature prompted questions about its way of being. Traditionally the 2 work of literature had been considered a temporal art but with the innovative conceptions of literature and art such consideration had to be put under question. It is not that literature had ceased to be a temporal art but that these authors integrated into their works spatial elements that transformed the way they are, and the way they are read. The works discussed in this thesis indicate their considerations about presence, the presence of the work of literature both as a concept within the works and as an issue to be addressed with the form of the work. This thesis shows the different forms in which these authors explored these issues. Their considerations about presence are ultimately a way to reconsider the 'place' and therefore presence of the work of literature in the simultaneously industrial and underdeveloped reality of Latin America in the second half of the twentieth century

Storing hydrogen, by enhancing diamond powder properties with CaF2 and KF for use in fuel cells

Abstract only availableWhaaaat!!!!!!!!! Hydrogen as a fuel? Yes just like you read it, hydrogen is becoming the best alternative to change our economical dependence on fossil fuels. Today fossil fuels are the main source of energy in the world, covering over 80% of these needs, and most of this fuel is used in transportation systems. Hydrogen covers about 75% of matter in the universe, being by far one of the most abundant elements; it is also a very simple atom that consists of an electron and proton. Since hydrogen can easily provide energy; a technology called fuel cells has been developed. A fuel cell is like a battery that instead of using electricity to recharge itself, it uses hydrogen. In the fuel cell industry, one of the main problems is storing hydrogen in a safe way and extracting it economically. Gaseous hydrogen requires high pressures which could be very dangerous in case of a collision. The success of hydrogen use depends largely on the development of an efficient storage and release method. In an effort to develop a better hydrogen storage system for fuel cells technology this research investigates the use of 99% pure diamond powder for storing hydrogen. Mixing this powder with a calcium fluoride and potassium fluoride compound in its solid form and treating the surface of the powder with hydrogen plasma, modifies the surface of the diamond. After some filtration through distilled water and drying, the modified diamond is treated with hydrogen. We expect hydrogen to be attracted to the diamond powder surface in higher quantities due to the CaF2 and KF treatment. Due to the large surface area of diamond nanopowder and the electronegative terminal bonds of the fluorine particles on the structure's surface, to the method shows promise in storing high densities of hydrogen.Louis Stokes Missouri Alliance for Minority Participatio

Interregional input-ouptut system for Ecuador, 2007: methodology and results

In this paper, we explore the structural characteristics of the interregional input-output system developed for Ecuador for the year 2007. As part of an ongoing project that aims to develop an interregional CGE model for the country, this database was developed under conditions of limited information. It provides the opportunity to better understand the spatial linkage structure associated with the national economy in the context of its 22 provinces, 15 sectors and 60 different products. This exploratory analysis is based on the description of structural coefficients and the use of traditional input-output techniques. Finally, we further explore the spatial linkage structure by looking at the regional decomposition of final demand. It is hoped that this exercise might result in a better appreciation of a broader set of dimensions that might improve our understanding of the integrated interregional economic system in Ecuador.Interregional input-output model; Ecuador; spatial linkages

Diagnóstico Estratégico de la empresa Beneficio de Café y Arroz La Dalia del Municipio La Dalia, departamento de Matagalpa, durante el año 2014

El presente trabajo investigativo radica en el Tema General: Diagnóstico Estratégico para la pequeña y mediana empresa (PYMES) del departamento de Matagalpa durante el año 2014. Dichas estrategias contribuyen como un medio de competitividad en las pequeñas y medianas empresas, además son una herramienta fundamental que apoya el alcance de metas y objetivos para el desarrollo de las mismas. Del tema general se aborda Diagnóstico Estratégico de la empresa Beneficio de Café y Arroz La Dalia del Municipio La Dalia, departamento de Matagalpa durante el año 2014. Con este documento se pretende determinar la situación actual de la empresa e identificar las diferentes estrategias que se aplican en la organización además de llevar a cabo una valoración de estas estrategias para la formulación de un Plan Estratégico. Se aborda información mediante la que se identificó que en la empresa se han llevado a cabo Estrategias Genéricas de Diferenciación y alta Segmentación, Penetración de Mercado, Integración hacia Delante, Diversificación Concéntrica y Recorte de Gastos. Por lo tanto las estrategias más factibles para empezar un plan estratégico serían una estrategia funcional para solucionar problemas de organización, ya que es una de las principales debilidades, también diversificación horizontal teniendo en cuenta que sus clientes la demandan, así como continuar fortaleciendo las estrategias que se están implementand

Presentación: Confluencia antropológica en torno a la alimentación, salud y nutrición

Presentación de las jornadas organizadas por Eusko Ikaskuntza y celebradas en Bilbao, los días 8 y 9 de octubre de 1999, bajo el título "Alimentación, Nutrición y Salud" de las poblaciones humanasBilbon, 1999.eko urriaren 8 eta 9an, "Alimentación, Nutrición y Salud" de las poblaciones humanas izenpean, Eusko Ikaskuntzak antolaturiko Jardunaldien Aurkezpena

Estratégia Empresarial Evaluación de los entornos y el diagnóstico organizacional

En el presente trabajo se pretende abordar en el primer capítulo las generalidades del marketing que incluyen naturaleza, características, evolución del marketing en la historia y los entornos en los que se manifiesta, todo ello como aspecto introductorio al documento. En el segundo capítulo se plantean los conceptos de valor al cliente, satisfacción del cliente y cadena de valor todo como dar a conocer la importancia que tienen estos aspectos en el marketing de servicios y en la atención que se le debe dar como organización, es decir, si la empresa logra identificar los atributos valorados por el cliente puede definirle el satisfactor a ofrecerle buscando de esta forma cumplir con sus expectativas, aquí se puede lograr la satisfacción al cliente y a su vez crear una cadena de valor. En el tercer capítulo del presente informe se muestran los elementos de atracción y retención y las formas de captar nuevos clientes, así como brindarle un seguimiento y se enfatiza con la importancia de la fidelización. Se reconoce la necesidad de seguir atendiendo al cliente antes, durante y después de la venta, darle mayor número posible de facilidades y continuar proporcionándole atención. El conocimiento y manejo de estos importantes aspectos deben ser las estrategias de los futuros mercadólogos, es por ello que esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal establecer los instrumentos de marketing que deben priorizar las empresas, recalcando su importancia en el marketing mix actual en el cual deberían encaminarse para garantizar su permanencia en el mercado

Abandonment of traditional livestock grazing reduces soil fertility and enzyme activity, alters soil microbial communities, and decouples microbial networks, with consequences for forage quality in Mediterranean grasslands

Extensive livestock grazing is a global human activity. In the Iberian Peninsula, extensive grazing and seminatural grasslands and open woodlands such as dehesas have co-evolved with human use for millennia. However, social, demographic, and economic factors are now pushing this traditional activity towards both conventional intensification and land abandonment, with consequences for the biodiversity and functioning of these seminatural ecosystems. Soils can be particularly affected by grazing abandonment due to the cessation of inputs of pre-processed organic matter (dungs and urine) and of trampling, with still poorly understood consequences for the composition, network configuration, and activity of soil microbial communities and the capacity of soils to store C. In this work, we used 20 pairs of adjacent plots (40 plots in total) located in seminatural grasslands from central Spain. For each pair, one plot was extensively grazed by livestock and the other one was abandoned. We evaluated the effects of extensive grazing abandonment on soil fertility (C and N contents, and P and K bioavailability), forage quality (fibre and protein content), and soil microbial community composition (amplicon sequencing of 16 S [bacteria] and ITS [fungi]), network coupling, and activity (extracellular hydrolytic enzymes linked to the biogeochemical cycling of C, N, P, and S). Grazing resulted in higher soil fertility in terms of C, N, and P, and grassland forage quality (lower fibre). Grazing also affected soil microbial community composition, but not richness or diversity. These effects occurred primarily through changes in nutrients and soil water availability. Actinobacteria significantly increased in abandoned plots, while Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes decreased. Bacterial and, particularly, fungal networks were generally less coupled in abandoned plots. Furthermore, grazing resulted in greater soil enzyme activity via direct effects. These results support the notion that extensive grazing with intermediate stocking rates provides a positive effect on grass quality, soil fertility, nutrient cycling, and microbial network configuration, and thus warn about the potential negative effects of land abandonment