Sanitary status of the Eurasian wild grapevine in the South Caucasian region

A prospecting on the sanitary status of the aerial organs and roots of the Eurasian wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, was carried out on 14 natural populations situated along river bank forests, floodplains and colluvial positions in Georgia (Marneuli, Mtskheta and Gori districts, Gardabani Protected area and Lagodekhi Reserve), Armenia (Akhtala and Tavoush regions) and Azerbaijan (Quba region). These zones are included within the Holarctic kingdom, Eurosiberian region, and to the Caucasian, Euxine and Hyrcanian biogeographical provinces. The results of study indicate that roots are free of symptoms caused by phylloxera, rot fungi and root-knot nematodes. Symptoms caused by the erineum strain of Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) and Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa) (Acari, Eriophyidae) are frequent. On the other hand, damages caused by powdery and downy mildews, Erysiphe necator (Schweinitz) Burrill and Plasmopara viticola (Berkeley and Curtis) Berlease and de Toni), respectively, show an irregular intensity on leaves belonging to different vines from each location

Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), a new impacting pest on Spanish vineyards

Research NoteInfestation caused by Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) is becoming a new sanitary problem in some Spanish vine-producing areas. Symptoms caused by the pest, the identification of 7 associated wood fungal species living in galleries excavated by larvae, some data about the evolution of the infestation during 8 years in the same plot and the different levels of susceptibility exhibited by three grape varieties are presented in this paper

Relic wild grapevines in Extremadura (Spain)

Relic wild grapevine populations (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (C.C.Gmel.) Hegi), were surveyed in Extremadura region (Spain). Twenty-two populations were found along river bank forests in Badajoz and Cáceres provinces. The main ampelographical characteristics and phenology of vines and the incidence of parasites were evaluated. Supporting flora has been botanically characterized. Results confirmed the dioecious characteristic of this grapevine subspecies and showed that Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) (Acari, Eriophyiidae) mite and powdery and downy mildews are the main parasites affecting their populations

Exploring genetic factors involved in huntington disease age of onset. E2F2 as a new potential modifier gene

Age of onset (AO) of Huntington disease (HD) is mainly determined by the length of the CAG repeat expansion (CAGexp) in exon 1 of the HTT gene. Additional genetic variation has been suggested to contribute to AO, although the mechanism by which it could affect AO is presently unknown. The aim of this study is to explore the contribution of candidate genetic factors to HD AO in order to gain insight into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this disorder. For that purpose, two AO definitions were used: the earliest age with unequivocal signs of HD (earliest AO or eAO), and the first motor symptoms age (motor AO or mAO). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed between genetic variation within 20 candidate genes and eAO or mAO, using DNA and clinical information of 253 HD patients from REGISTRY project. Gene expression analyses were carried out by RT-qPCR with an independent sample of 35 HD patients from Basque Country Hospitals. We found suggestive association signals between HD eAO and/or mAO and genetic variation within the E2F2, ATF7IP, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, LINC01559, HIP1 and GRIK2 genes. Among them, the most significant was the association between eAO and rs2742976, mapping to the promoter region of E2F2 transcription factor. Furthermore, rs2742976 T allele patient carriers exhibited significantly lower lymphocyte E2F2 gene expression, suggesting a possible implication of E2F2-dependent transcriptional activity in HD pathogenesis. Thus, E2F2 emerges as a new potential HD AO modifier factor

Does Arterial Hypertension Influence the Onset of Huntington's Disease?

Huntington's disease (HD) age of onset (AO) is mainly determined by the length of the CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene. The remaining AO variability has been attributed to other little-known factors. A factor that has been associated with other neurodegenerative diseases is arterial hypertension (AHT). The aim of this study is to evaluate the contribution of AHT to the AO of HD. We used data from a cohort of 630 European HD patients with adult onset collected by the REGISTRY project of the European Huntington's Disease Network. Multiple linear regression and ANOVA, controlling for the CAG repeat number of the expanded allele (CAGexp) of each patient, were performed to assess the association between the AHT condition and the AO of the motor symptoms (mAO). The results showed a significant association between AHT and mAO, especially when we only considered the patients diagnosed with AHT prior to manifesting any HD signs (pre-HD AHT). Remarkably, despite the low number of cases, those patients developed motor symptoms 5-8 years later than normotensive patients in the most frequent CAGexp range (40-44). AHT is an age related condition and consequently, the age of the patient at the time of data collection could be a confounder variable. However, given that most pre-HD AHT patients included in our study had started treatment with antihypertensive drugs prior to the onset of HD, and that antihypertensive drugs have been suggested to confer a neuroprotective effect in other neurodegenerative diseases, raises the interest in elucidating the impact of AHT and/or AHT treatment in HD age of onset in further studies. A confirmation of our results in a larger sample set would open the possibility to significantly improve HD management.This study was funded by Basque Government Department of Industry grants (Saiotek PE08UN78 and University-Company Program 09+ UEGV096/C01), by the Basque Government Department of Education (IT634-13) and by the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (UFI11/20). No funding bodies had any role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Does Arterial Hypertension Influence the Onset of Huntington's Disease?

Huntington's disease (HD) age of onset (AO) is mainly determined by the length of the CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene. The remaining AO variability has been attributed to other little-known factors. A factor that has been associated with other neurodegenerative diseases is arterial hypertension (AHT). The aim of this study is to evaluate the contribution of AHT to the AO of HD. We used data from a cohort of 630 European HD patients with adult onset collected by the REGISTRY project of the European Huntington's Disease Network. Multiple linear regression and ANOVA, controlling for the CAG repeat number of the expanded allele (CAGexp) of each patient, were performed to assess the association between the AHT condition and the AO of the motor symptoms (mAO). The results showed a significant association between AHT and mAO, especially when we only considered the patients diagnosed with AHT prior to manifesting any HD signs (pre-HD AHT). Remarkably, despite the low number of cases, those patients developed motor symptoms 5-8 years later than normotensive patients in the most frequent CAGexp range (40-44). AHT is an age related condition and consequently, the age of the patient at the time of data collection could be a confounder variable. However, given that most pre-HD AHT patients included in our study had started treatment with antihypertensive drugs prior to the onset of HD, and that antihypertensive drugs have been suggested to confer a neuroprotective effect in other neurodegenerative diseases, raises the interest in elucidating the impact of AHT and/or AHT treatment in HD age of onset in further studies. A confirmation of our results in a larger sample set would open the possibility to significantly improve HD management.This study was funded by Basque Government Department of Industry grants (Saiotek PE08UN78 and University-Company Program 09+ UEGV096/C01), by the Basque Government Department of Education (IT634-13) and by the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (UFI11/20). No funding bodies had any role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Ceruloplasmin and its clinical relevance as an indactor of cardiovascular risk factor in a school population of Granada

La ceruloplasmina también conocida como ferroxidasa, pertenece a la familia de las proteínas sensibles a la inflamación, siendo su función principal la de transportar el cobre en la sangre. Si bien, además de esta función transportadora, en la actualidad, son numerosos los estudios que han intentado hacer uso de la determinación de sus concentraciones séricas, como un indicador predictivo del riesgo de padecer trastornos cardiovasculares en pacientes que presentan sobrepeso u obesidad. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio confirman la existencia de una correlación significativa entre los niveles séricos de ceruloplasmina y el estado nutricional de los sujetos, lo que significa que para la población de escolares valorada, las concentraciones séricas de esta proteína suponen un importante factor para predecir el riesgo de padecer trastornos cardiovasculares.Also known as ferroxidase ceruloplasmin, belongs to the family of inflammation-sensitive proteins, and its main function to transport copper in the blood. Although, in addition to this transport function, at present, there are numerous studies that have attempted to use the determination of serum concentrations as a predictive indicator of cardiovascular risk in patients who are overweight or obese. The results of this study confirm the existence of a significant correlation between serum ceruloplasmin and nutritional status of the subjects, which means that for the population of students assessed, serum levels of this protein are an important predictor the risk of cardiovascular disease

Influence of family environment of the development of obesity and overweight in a population of school children in Granada (Spain)

La literatura científica existente plantea la necesidad de entender la conducta alimentaria como un proceso cíclico e interactivo, según el cual los hábitos y la conducta alimentaria de los padres llevan a sus hijos a desarrollar estrategias especificas de alimentación, esto es, a la definición de conductas alimentarias propias, lo que tendrá su reflejo en los indicadores nutricionales del niño. Los objetivos de este estudio han sido verificar la existencia de una asociación significativa entre el nivel educativo de los padres y el estado nutricional de sus hijos, comprobar si existe una relación directa entre el estado nutricional de los hijos y quién es la persona que elabora el menú familiar y determinar el posible vínculo entre el estado nutricional de los hijos y el tiempo que éstos dedican a la práctica del ocio sedentario. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 718 niños y adolescentes escolares de entre 9 y 17 años de edad, pertenecientes todos ellos a trece centros educativos públicos y privados de la ciudad de Granada y de su provincia. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, transversal y multicéntrico en el que se llevó a cabo una valoración del estado nutricional de toda la población de alumnos correspondientes a trece centros educativos. Mediante el uso de técnicas de antropometría se valoraron las variables peso, talla y, con ello, el índice de masa corporal.According to recent research, eating behaviour should be understand as a cyclical and interactive process in which parental eating habits cause children to develop specific eating strategies as well as their own eating habits. Needless to say, this interactive process is reflected and has a direct impact on the nutritional indicators of the children in a family. The objectives of this study were the following: (i) to verify the existence of a significant association between the educational level of parents and the nutritional state of children in the same family; (ii) to discover if there is a direct relation between the nutritional state of children and the person that decides the menu and/or prepares family meals; (iii) to determine if there is a link between the nutritional state of children and the time that they spend on sedentary leisure activities. The sample population was composed of 718 school children and adolescents, 9-17 years of age, who A descriptive, transversal, and multicentric study was performed that evaluated the nutritional state of the entire sample by using anthropometric techniques to assess weight, height, and body mass index

Does arterial hypertension influence the onset of Huntington's disease?

Neurological Motor Disorder

Obesidad de una población de escolares de Granada: evaluación de la eficacia de una intervención educativa

Objetivos: El objeto del presente trabajo es estudiar la prevalencia de la obesidad y el sobrepeso en una población de escolares y verificar la efectividad de la intervención educativa desarrollada sobre esos alumnos en términos de mejora de los valores percentilados del índice de masa corporal. Material: La población valorada está compuesta por 977 escolares de entre 9 y 17 años de edad, pertenecientes a 13 centros educativos públicos de la ciudad de Granada y de su provincia (España). Metodología: Se trata de un estudio longitudinal, analítico, multicéntrico y observacional de cohortes, desarrollado en tres fases. En primer lugar, valoración del estado nutricional, mediante técnicas antropométricas (peso, talla e índice de masa corporal, seis pliegues cutáneos y cuatro perímetros corporales) así como la presión arterial. Una segunda fase en la que se desarrolló la intervención educativa sobre la alimentación y el ejercicio físico. En la fase final se evaluó la efectividad de la intervención. Resultados: Se encontró una mayor prevalencia de obesidad en las chicas de entre 12 y 13 años (15,1%). En los chicos, la prevalencia de obesidad fue inferior hasta los 13 años, aunque después mostraron un creciente incremento de dicha prevalencia (12,6%). Se produjo una reducción significativa de los valores de IMC en los dos sexos, aunque más significativa entre las chicas. Conclusiones: Existe un incremento alarmante en la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad entre la población valorada. La reducción significativa de las puntuaciones en el IMC confirma la efectividad de la intervención educativa desarrollada.Objectives: The objective of this research was to study the prevalence of obesity and excess weight in a population of school children and adolescents, and to verify the effectiveness of an educational intervention, as reflected in the variation of their body mass index values. Materials: The population sample was composed of 977 school children and adolescents from 9 to 17 years of age, belonging to 13 public elementary schools and high schools in the city and province of Granada (Spain). Methodology: This longitudinal cohort study was analytical, muticentric, and observational. It was carried out in three phases. The first phase involved the evaluation of the nutritional state of the sample population by means of anthropometric measurements (weight, height, body mass index, six skin folds and four body perimeters) as well as arterial blood pressure. The second phase entailed an educational intervention focusing on good nutritional habits and physical exercise. The third and final phase evaluated the effectiveness of the intervention. Results: A higher obesity prevalence (15.1%) was found in school girls between 12 and 13. In the case of boys, obesity prevalence was lower up to age 13 though afterwards, it progressively increased (12.6%). The educational intervention produced an important reduction in body mass index values in both sexes though this reduction was more significant in young females. Conclusions: There is a currently an alarming increase in obesity and overweight prevalence among the population evaluated in this study. The significant reduction in body mass index values resulting from this research confirmed the effectiveness of the educational intervention to reduce excess weight