Prevalence of salivary Epstein-Barr virus in potentially malignant oral disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background: To analyze the presence of salivary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant oral disorders. Material and Methods: Three groups were studied: Group 1 (12 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC)), Group 2 (12 potentially malignant oral disorders (PMD)) and Group 3 (47 healthy controls). EBV DNA salivary analysis was performed by PCR. Results: The highest percentage of positive salivary EBV DNA corresponded to the OSCC group (58.3%), followed by the PMD group (41.7%) and the controls (40.4%). The differences between groups were not statistically significant, however (p>0.05). Conclusions: Salivary EBV DNA was more prevalent in OSCC than in PMD or the controls

GEHEP 010 study: Prevalence and distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in Spain (2000–2016)

[Objective] To study the prevalence and distribution of HBV genotypes in Spain for the period 2000–2016.[Methods] Retrospective study recruiting 2559 patients from 17 hospitals. Distribution of HBV genotypes, as well as sex, age, geographical origin, mode of transmission, HDV-, HIV- and/or HCV-coinfection, and treatment were recorded.[Results] 1924 chronically HBV native Spanish patients have been recruited. Median age was 54 years (IQR: 41–62), 69.6% male, 6.3% HIV-coinfected, 3.1% were HCV-coinfected, 1.7% HDV-co/superinfected. Genotype distribution was: 55.9% D, 33.5% A, 5.6% F, 0.8% G, and 1.9% other genotypes (E, B, H and C). HBV genotype A was closely associated with male sex, sexual transmission, and HIV-coinfection. In contrast, HBV genotype D was associated with female sex and vertical transmission. Different patterns of genotype distribution and diversity were found between different geographical regions. In addition, HBV epidemiological patterns are evolving in Spain, mainly because of immigration. Finally, similar overall rates of treatment success across all HBV genotypes were found.[Conclusions] We present here the most recent data on molecular epidemiology of HBV in Spain (GEHEP010 Study). This study confirms that the HBV genotype distribution in Spain varies based on age, sex, origin, HIV-coinfection, geographical regions and epidemiological groups.This study has been funded in part by the funds of the research project GEHEP-2018-010, granted by the Hepatitis Group of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (Grupo de Hepatitis de la Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, GEHEP/SEIMC)

Epidemiología de la resistenciaa los antibióticos debacterioides fragilis

Reducción altaSe ha llevado a cabo un estudio basado en la resistencia a los antibióticos b-lactámicos en bacteroides fragilis. La bacteria anaerobia más importante en clínica y la más resistente a los antibióticos. La metodología seguida se ha basado en el siguiente modelo: 1- selección de cepas resistentes. 2- determinación del mecanismo bioquímico de la resistencia. 3- patrón de electroforesis en gel de agarosa de los plasmidos. 4- transferencia de la resistencia. A partir de los resultados obtenidos proponemos un modelo de control periódico de las resistencias basado en los siguientes puntos:. Selección de cepas resistentes.. Estudio de la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. Método disco-difusión en agar.. Cuantificación de la actividad enzimática especifica estableciendo grupos de actividad mediante el calculo de la actividad enzimática especifica. Este sistema esta relacionado no solo con las características de las b-lactamasas sino también con la susceptibilidad de las cepas a 101 antibióticos b-lactámicos.Univ. de Granada, Departamento de Microbiología. Leída el 31-05-8

Urolitiasis : proceso asistencial integrado

Fichero en formato pdf, publicado en la página web de la Consejería de Salud: www.juntadeandalucia.es/salud (Consejería de Salud / Profesionales / Nuestro Compromiso por la Calidad / Procesos Asistenciales Integrados)YesEl desarrollo del proceso asistencial integrado Urolitiasis surge ante la necesidad de optimizar la asistencia sanitaria y de racionalizar el coste/beneficio, mediante la coordinación entre profesionales y ámbitos de actuación

Deep-sequencing reveals broad subtype-specific HCV resistance mutations associated with treatment failure.

A percentage of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients fail direct acting antiviral (DAA)-based treatment regimens, often because of drug resistance-associated substitutions (RAS). The aim of this study was to characterize the resistance profile of a large cohort of patients failing DAA-based treatments, and investigate the relationship between HCV subtype and failure, as an aid to optimizing management of these patients. A new, standardized HCV-RAS testing protocol based on deep sequencing was designed and applied to 220 previously subtyped samples from patients failing DAA treatment, collected in 39 Spanish hospitals. The majority had received DAA-based interferon (IFN) α-free regimens; 79% had failed sofosbuvir-containing therapy. Genomic regions encoding the nonstructural protein (NS) 3, NS5A, and NS5B (DAA target regions) were analyzed using subtype-specific primers. Viral subtype distribution was as follows: genotype (G) 1, 62.7%; G3a, 21.4%; G4d, 12.3%; G2, 1.8%; and mixed infections 1.8%. Overall, 88.6% of patients carried at least 1 RAS, and 19% carried RAS at frequencies below 20% in the mutant spectrum. There were no differences in RAS selection between treatments with and without ribavirin. Regardless of the treatment received, each HCV subtype showed specific types of RAS. Of note, no RAS were detected in the target proteins of 18.6% of patients failing treatment, and 30.4% of patients had RAS in proteins that were not targets of the inhibitors they received. HCV patients failing DAA therapy showed a high diversity of RAS. Ribavirin use did not influence the type or number of RAS at failure. The subtype-specific pattern of RAS emergence underscores the importance of accurate HCV subtyping. The frequency of "extra-target" RAS suggests the need for RAS screening in all three DAA target regions