Молитовний напис Брячислава Святополковича з Софії Київської

У статті висвітлюються результати дослідження молитовного напису, що знаходиться на фресці з образом Св. Анни в центральній наві Софії Київської. Встановлено, що графіті виконане сином київського князя Святополка Брячиславом у 1110–1113 роках. Встановлено, що Павло було християнським ім’ям Брячислава, й цей факт, разом із аналізом інформації літописної статті 6612 р., дозволив визначити вірогідну дату народження князя, окресливши її 15-м січня 1105 р.Статья посвящена публикации результатов исследования молитвенной надписи, находящейся на фреске с образом Св. Анны в центральном нефе Софии Киевской. Установлено, что граффити выполнено сыном киевского князя Святополка Брячиславом в 1110–1113 гг. В процессе анализа текста было определено, что Павел было христианским именем Брячислава, и этот факт, вместе с анализом летописной статьи 6612 г., позволил определить вероятную дату рождения князя, отнеся ее к 15 января 1105 г.The article deals with the results of investigation of prayer inscription located on the fresco with the image of St. Anna Sophia in the central nave of Kyiv St. Sophia Cathedral. It is determined that graffi ti was done by Bryachyslav, the son of the Grand Prince Svyatopolk, in 1110– 1113. The comparison mentioned in graffi ti Bryachyslav’s Christian name – Pavlo (Paul), with chronicles’ information by 6612 shows that the 14th or 15th of January 15 in 1105 is the likely date of Bryachyslav’s birth

Принципы автоматической обработки естественно-языковых текстов: валентностный подход

В данной работе были разработаны основные правила валентностной реализации глагольных предикатов определённых семантических классов в предложениях русского языка. С этой целью были проанализи- рованы принципы прогнозирования количества и качества актантов, особенности их формальной и семантической реализации в естественно-языковом тексте и разработана система минимальных структурных схем предложений.У запропонованій роботі було розроблено основні правила валентнісної реалізації дієслівних предикатів певних семантичних класів у реченнях російської мови. З цією метою було проаналізовано принципи прогнозування кількості та якості актантів, особливості їхньої формальної та семантичної реалізації в природно-мовному тексті та розроблено систему мінімальних структурних схем речень.In offered work the basic rules of valentnostny realization of verbal predicates of certain semantic classes in Russian offers were developed. The principles of forecasting of quantity and quality of actants, features of their formal and semantic realization in the natural language text were for this purpose analysed, the system of the minimum block diagrams of offers is developed

Prioritization of fish communities with a view to conservation and restoration on a large scale European basin, the Loire (France)

The hierarchical organization of important sites for the conservation or the restoration of fish communities is a great challenge for managers, especially because of financial or time constraints. In this perspective, we developed a methodology, which is easy to implement in different locations. Based on the fish assemblage characteristics of the Loire basin (France), we created a synthetic conservation value index including the rarity, the conservation status and the species origin. The relationship between this new synthetic index and the Fish-Based Index allowed us to establish a classification protocol of the sites along the Loire including fish assemblages to be restored or conserved. Sites presenting disturbed fish assemblages, a low rarity index, few threatened species, and a high proportion of non-native species were considered as important for the restoration of fish biodiversity. These sites were found mainly in areas where the assemblages are typical of the bream zone, e.g. with a higher number of eurytopic and limnophilic species. On the contrary, important sites for conservation were defined as having an important conservation potential (high RI, a lot of threatened species, and few nonnatives fish species) and an undisturbed fish assemblage similar to the expected community if habitats are undisturbed. Important sites for conservation were found in the Loire basin’s medium reaches which host assemblages typical for the grayling and the barbell zones, e.g. with a higher number of rheophilic species. The synthetic conservation value index could be adapted and completed with other criteria according to management priorities and capacities

Post-2020 biodiversity targets need to embrace climate change

Recent assessment reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) have highlighted the risks to humanity arising from the unsustainable use of natural resources. Thus far, land, freshwater, and ocean exploitation have been the chief causes of biodiversity loss. Climate change is projected to be a rapidly increasing additional driver for biodiversity loss. Since climate change and biodiversity loss impact human societies everywhere, bold solutions are required that integrate environmental and societal objectives. As yet, most existing international biodiversity targets have overlooked climate change impacts. At the same time, climate change mitigation measures themselves may harm biodiversity directly. The Convention on Biological Diversity's post-2020 framework offers the important opportunity to address the interactions between climate change and biodiversity and revise biodiversity targets accordingly by better aligning these with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals. We identify the considerable number of existing and proposed post- 2020 biodiversity targets that risk being severely compromised due to climate change, even if other barriers to their achievement were removed. Our analysis suggests that the next set of biodiversity targets explicitly addresses climate change-related risks since many aspirational goals will not be feasible under even lower-end projections of future warming. Adopting more flexible and dynamic approaches to conservation, rather than static goals, would allow us to respond flexibly to changes in habitats, genetic resources, species composition, and ecosystem functioning and leverage biodiversity's capacity to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation

Stratégies démographiques des poissons des rivières françaises : premiers résultats

International audienceThe analysis of the biological, morphological and food characteristics of 35 French species leads to distinguish two main strategies. The first one gathers 11 species with a short life span and which maximize the survival of juveniles. Within it, cold water species with a long reproduction lifetime and thermophilous species with a relatively stronger fertility can be distinguished. Their diets are essentially made of insects- plankton and insects-fishes. In the second group, no care is given to juveniles; relative fertilities are higher and inversely correlated to the number of reproduction cycles. 10 species are omnivorous with a grass-wastes tendancy, and 4 species eat strictly fishes. The canonical analysis of correspondances shows that these biological characteristics are sufficuent to understand most of the longitudinal zonation.L'analyse des caractéristiques biologiques et morpho-alimentaires de 35 espèces françaises permet de distinguer 2 stratégies principales. La première rassemble 11 espèces à faible longévité et maximisant la survie des jeunes. En son sein, on distingue des espèces d'eau froide à longue durée de vie pré-reproductrice et des espèces thermophiles à fécondité relativement plus forte. Leurs régimes alimentaires sont essentiellement du type insectivore-planctonophage et insectivore-ichtyophage. Dans le second groupe, aucun soin n'est apporté aux jeunes ; les fécondités relatives sont plus fortes et inversement corrélées avec le nombre de cycles de reproduction. 10 espèces sont des omnivores à tendance herbivore-détritivore et 4 des ichtyophages stricts. L'analyse canonique des correspondances démontre que ces caractéristiques biologiques rendent compte de l'essentiel de la zonation longitudinale

Assessing the conservation value of waterbodies: the example of the Loire floodplain (France)

In recent decades, two of the main management tools used to stem biodiversity erosion have been biodiversity monitoring and the conservation of natural areas. However, socio-economic pressure means that it is not usually possible to preserve the entire landscape, and so the rational prioritisation of sites has become a crucial issue. In this context, and because floodplains are one of the most threatened ecosystems, we propose a statistical strategy for evaluating conservation value, and used it to prioritise 46 waterbodies in the Loire floodplain (France). We began by determining a synthetic conservation index of fish communities (Q) for each waterbody. This synthetic index includes a conservation status index, an origin index, a rarity index and a richness index. We divided the waterbodies into 6 clusters with distinct structures of the basic indices. One of these clusters, with high Q median value, indicated that 4 waterbodies are important for fish biodiversity conservation. Conversely, two clusters with low Q median values included 11 waterbodies where restoration is called for. The results picked out high connectivity levels and low abundance of aquatic vegetation as the two main environmental characteristics of waterbodies with high conservation value. In addition, assessing the biodiversity and conservation value of territories using our multi-index approach plus an a posteriori hierarchical classification methodology reveals two major interests: (i) a possible geographical extension and (ii) a multi-taxa adaptation

6. Peces amazónicos y cambio climático

Con el 15% de todos los peces de agua dulce descritos en el mundo, la cuenca amazónica es el sistema de agua dulce más biodiverso del planeta. Hoy en día, los factores principales de degradación de los ecosistemas de agua dulce en la región amazónica son la rápida expansión de las infraestructuras y actividades económicas. Estas perturbaciones provocan importantes efectos negativos en las comunidades de peces y podrían verse amplificados por los impactos del cambio climático. Las pérdidas de hábitat originados por el cambio climático no deberían tener efectos sobre las tasas de extinción de la especies. Sin embargo, el estrés térmico y la limitación de oxígeno podrían provocar extinciones locales de ciertas especies y producir cambios progresivos en la estructura y composición de las comunidades actuales de peces. Las especies tolerantes al aumento de temperatura, como el Paiche, se expandirán mientras que las especies sensibles a este aumento se reducirán. Cabe destacar que hoy en día las acciones de conservación deben enfocarse en la reducción de los efectos de las amenazas antropogénicas en curso.Avec 15% de tous les poissons d'eau douce décrits dans le monde, le bassin amazonien est le système d'eau douce présentant la plus grande biodiversité de la planète. Aujourd'hui, les principaux facteurs de dégradation des écosystèmes d'eau douce dans la région amazonienne sont l'expansion rapide des infrastructures et les activités économiques. Ces perturbations provoquent d'importants effets négatifs sur les communautés de poissons et pourraient être amplifiés par les impacts du changement climatique. La perte d'habitat due au changement climatique ne devrait avoir aucun effet sur les taux d'extinction des espèces. Cependant, le stress lié à la température et la limitation de l'oxygène pourraient provoquer l'extinction locale de certaines espèces et produire des changements progressifs dans la structure et la composition des communautés actuelles de poissons. Les populations d'espèces tolérantes à l'augmentation de température, comme le Paiche, augmenteront, tandis que les populations d'espèces sensibles à cette augmentation diminueront. Il est important de noter que, à l'heure actuelle, les actions de conservation doivent se concentrer sur la réduction des effets des menaces anthropiques en cours.With 15% of all described freshwater fish in the world, the Amazon basin is the most biodiverse freshwater System of the planet. Nowadays, the main factors of degradation of freshwater ecosystems in the Amazon region are the rapid expansion of infrastructure and economic activities. These disturbances cause negative effects on fish communities and could be amplified by the impacts of climate change. Loss of habitat due to climate change should have no effect on rates of species extinction. However, thermal stress and oxygen limitation could cause local extinctions of certain species and produce Progressive changes in the structure and composition of existing fish communities. Tolerant species to temperature increase -as the Paiche- should expand, while sensitive species should be reduced. It is noteworthy that conservation actions should focus on reducing the effects of anthropogenic threats in progress

Coefficient shifts in geographical ecology: an empirical evaluation of spatial and non-spatial regression

Copyright © 2009 The Authors. Copyright © ECOGRAPHY 2009.A major focus of geographical ecology and macro ecology is to understand the causes of spatially structured ecological patterns. However, achieving this understanding can be complicated when using multiple regressions, because the relative importance of explanatory variables, as measured by regression coefficients, can shift depending on whether spatially explicit or non-spatial modelling is used. However, the extent to which coefficients may shift and why shifts occur are unclear. Here, we analyze the relationship between environmental predictors and the geographical distribution of species richness, body size, range size and abundance in 97 multi-factorial data sets. Our goal was to compare standardized partial regression coefficients of non-spatial ordinary least squares regressions (i.e. models fitted using ordinary least squares without taking autocorrelation into account; “OLS models” hereafter) and eight spatial methods to evaluate the frequency of coefficient shifts and identify characteristics of data that might predict when shifts are likely. We generated three metrics of coefficient shifts and eight characteristics of the data sets as predictors of shifts. Typical of ecological data, spatial autocorrelation in the residuals of OLS models was found in most data sets. The spatial models varied in the extent to which they minimized residual spatial autocorrelation. Patterns of coefficient shifts also varied among methods and datasets, although the magnitudes of shifts tended to be small in all cases. We were unable to identify strong predictors of shifts, including the levels of autocorrelation in either explanatory variables or model residuals. Thus, changes in coefficients between spatial and non-spatial methods depend on the method used and are largely idiosyncratic, making it difficult to predict when or why shifts occur. We conclude that the ecological importance of regression coefficients cannot be evaluated with confidence irrespective of whether spatially explicit modelling is used or not. Researchers may have little choice but to be more explicit about the uncertainty of models and more cautious in their interpretation