Conscientização da reposição florestal e necessidades da preservação do meio ambiente em escolas do município de Novo Progresso – PA/ Awareness of forest replacement and needs for preservation of the environment in New Progress municipality Schools – PA

O presente estudo tem por finalidade analisar a temática da Percepção Ambiental e busca colaborar na sensibilização das escolas em futuros projetos pedagógicos de preservação do meio ambiente. Buscamos analisar a consciência que os professores e alunos têm sobre a reposição florestal e as necessidades de preservação do meio ambiente. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo, elaborar uma proposta de intervenção Pedagógica com vistas a sensibilizar os professores e alunos da necessidade da reposição florestal e preservação do meio ambiente nas escolas do Município de Novo Progresso, Estado do Pará. Problema contextualizado: Os professores tem consciência sobre a reposição florestal e as necessidades de preservação do meio ambiente para o ensino nas escolas?   Dessa problemática, estabeleceram-se os objetivos específicos: Caracterizar a sensibilidade ou insensibilidade dos alunos e professores da necessidade de reposição florestal nas Escolas Municipais de Ensino Fundamental; Identificar as contribuições do projeto nas mudanças das atitudes da comunidade na consciência ambiental; Elaborar Projeto de formação de pessoas, educadores, conscientização da sociedade como um todo na contribuição e visão de desenvolvimento voltado para a gestão ambiental participativa e os sistemas sustentáveis do uso da terra. Trabalhamos abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, de caráter descritivo e explicativo com modelo misto no intuito de verificar o desenvolvimento de aprendizagem e sensibilização na preservação do meio ambiente.  Seu procedimento técnico é de levantamento, de modelo não experimental. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário semifechado, que foi validado oportunamente. Para tanto, finalizamos o estudo considerando que é de grande importância a reposição florestal que tanto alunos e professores são sensíveis à temática em questão. Preservar o meio ambiente é compromisso de cada cidadão

Macronutrient fertilizers on basil growth and yield

The objective of this work was to determine the macronutrient doses that allow the highest phytomass yield and growth of basil plants. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of ​​the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, in Cruz das Almas, BA, in a greenhouse. The treatments were obtained according to the Baconian matrix statistical arrangement, in which one of the nutrients is supplied in variable amounts, while the others are kept at a referential level. Six nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S)) were evaluated in three different doses, and two additional treatments, one with reference doses and another without nutrient addition, totaling 20 treatments that were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications, totaling 100 experimental units. At 50 days after treatment distribution, the growth parameters were evaluated: Plant height, number of leaves, leaf dry mass, stem, root and leaf area. It was observed that the highest leaf dry mass accumulation was estimated with the dose of 250 mg dm³ of N giving an average of 8.01g per plant, being significantly higher when compared to all other tested elements, this parameter is extremely relevant because the leaves are characterized as the main product of this species. Phosphorus doses allowed significant results in height and leaf area, whereas K favored higher leaf emission. Positive responses were verified for nutrients Ca, Mg and S in all parameters tested at levels above those tested as reference.The objective of this work was to determine the macronutrient doses that allow the highest phytomass yield and growth of basil plants. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of ​​the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, in Cruz das Almas, BA, in a greenhouse. The treatments were obtained according to the Baconian matrix statistical arrangement, in which one of the nutrients is supplied in variable amounts, while the others are kept at a referential level. Six nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S)) were evaluated in three different doses, and two additional treatments, one with reference doses and another without nutrient addition, totaling 20 treatments that were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications, totaling 100 experimental units. At 50 days after treatment distribution, the growth parameters were evaluated: Plant height, number of leaves, leaf dry mass, stem, root and leaf area. It was observed that the highest leaf dry mass accumulation was estimated with the dose of 250 mg dm³ of N giving an average of 8.01g per plant, being significantly higher when compared to all other tested elements, this parameter is extremely relevant because the leaves are characterized as the main product of this species. Phosphorus doses allowed significant results in height and leaf area, whereas K favored higher leaf emission. Positive responses were verified for nutrients Ca, Mg and S in all parameters tested at levels above those tested as reference

Physiological responses of Physalis angulata L. grown under molybdenum rates in hydroponic system

Studies on plant development evaluating the effects of molybdenum (Mo) applications are important for nutritional management in crops, such as Physalis angulata L. crops. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the responses of Physalis angulata grown under molybdenum rates in hydroponic system. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with 12 replications and five treatments (Mo rates: 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.015, and 0.02 mg dm-3 of H2MoO*4H2O). Chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, nitrate reductase activity, total protein content, dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots, and root to shoot ratio were evaluated. Supplying Mo (0.02 mg dm-3) provided gains in biomass, which is connected to the total plant weight and total chlorophyll content. The nitrate reductase activity in leaves and roots was stimulated by Mo supplementation; the highest activity was found in the roots. Photosynthetic rate (0.010 mg dm-3) and water use efficiency (0.015 mg dm-3) were favored by increases in Mo rates. The results showed that application of molybdenum as a fertilizer resulted in positive effects on biomass gain, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and water use efficiency for P. angulata plants grown in hydroponics.Studies on plant development evaluating the effects of molybdenum (Mo) applications are important for nutritional management in crops, such as Physalis angulata L. crops. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the responses of Physalis angulata grown under molybdenum rates in hydroponic system. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with 12 replications and five treatments (Mo rates: 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.015, and 0.02 mg dm-3 of H2MoO*4H2O). Chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, nitrate reductase activity, total protein content, dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots, and root to shoot ratio were evaluated. Supplying Mo (0.02 mg dm-3) provided gains in biomass, which is connected to the total plant weight and total chlorophyll content. The nitrate reductase activity in leaves and roots was stimulated by Mo supplementation; the highest activity was found in the roots. Photosynthetic rate (0.010 mg dm-3) and water use efficiency (0.015 mg dm-3) were favored by increases in Mo rates. The results showed that application of molybdenum as a fertilizer resulted in positive effects on biomass gain, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and water use efficiency for P. angulata plants grown in hydroponics

Nutritional diagnosis of nitrogen and phosphorus in Ocimum basilicum L. plants grown under macronutrient applications

The objective of this work was to assess the nutritional status of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants grown under application of macronutrients, in a Typic Hapludult. The experiment was conducted in Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil, in a greenhouse. The treatments were based on a Baconian matrix statistical arrangement, in which one of the nutrients is supplied in different quantities, whereas the other nutrients are maintained at the reference rates. Six nutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) were evaluated at three different rates. Two additional treatments were used (reference rates; and without nutrient applications), totaling 20 treatments. A completely randomized experimental design with five replications was used, totaling 100 experimental units. Plant material was collected 50 days after treatment applications and dried in an oven for 72 hours. Approximately 0.1 g of dry weight of leaves, stems, and roots were subjected to acid digestion in a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The digested material was diluted in 100 mL of distilled water to obtain the extract for nutritional diagnosis. The optimal maximum N and P accumulations in basil leaves for high plant performances were 51 and 3.0 g kg-1, respectively. The estimated rates for each nutrient to provide the optimal total N accumulation in basil plants were: N = 235.61, P =91.27, K = 175, S = 41.98 (mg dm-3), Ca = 0.97, and Mg = 0.36 (cmolc dm-3).The objective of this work was to assess the nutritional status of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants grown under application of macronutrients, in a Typic Hapludult. The experiment was conducted in Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil, in a greenhouse. The treatments were based on a Baconian matrix statistical arrangement, in which one of the nutrients is supplied in different quantities, whereas the other nutrients are maintained at the reference rates. Six nutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) were evaluated at three different rates. Two additional treatments were used (reference rates; and without nutrient applications), totaling 20 treatments. A completely randomized experimental design with five replications was used, totaling 100 experimental units. Plant material was collected 50 days after treatment applications and dried in an oven for 72 hours. Approximately 0.1 g of dry weight of leaves, stems, and roots were subjected to acid digestion in a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The digested material was diluted in 100 mL of distilled water to obtain the extract for nutritional diagnosis. The optimal maximum N and P accumulations in basil leaves for high plant performances were 51 and 3.0 g kg-1, respectively. The estimated rates for each nutrient to provide the optimal total N accumulation in basil plants were: N = 235.61, P =91.27, K = 175, S = 41.98 (mg dm-3), Ca = 0.97, and Mg = 0.36 (cmolc dm-3)

Estimulação e seleção em calos de Byrsonima gardneriana A. Juss. para produção de antocianinas / Byrsonima gardneriana A callus stimulation and selection. Juss. for production of anthocyanins

A espécie Byrsonima gardneriana A. Juss. pertence à família Malpighiaceae e possui antocianinas em seus frutos, apresentando relevante potencial fitoquímico. O objetivo desse trabalho foi selecionar linhagens celulares e estabelecer um protocolo para estimular a produção de antocianinas em calos desta espécie. Para indução dos calos foram inoculados explantes foliares obtidos de plantas estabelecidas in vitro, utilizando-se meio de cultura MS/2, solidificado com 7% de ágar e suplementado com 30% de sacarose, 16µM de BAP + 2µM de ANA. Determinou-se a curva de crescimento e o teor de antocianinas nos calos em intervalos de 7 dias durante 13 períodos. Avaliou-se linhagens mais produtivas em cinco subcultivos. Para estimulação da produção de antocianinas, foi adicionado ao meio de cultura diferentes concentrações de manitol, assim como BAP associado a 2,4-D. A curva de crescimento apresentou padrão sigmoidal, com crescimento linear entre o 21º e o 56º dia de cultivo. Apenas a adição de 5g L-1 de manitol ao meio de cultura induziu o aumento na concentração do pigmento. Novos estudos devem ser conduzidos buscando-se um melhor entendimento do efeito dos reguladores vegetais BAP e 2,4-D além de outros estressores osmóticos para estimular a produção de antocianinas em calos de B. gardneriana

CRESCIMENTO INICIAL E DIAGNOSE NUTRICIONAL DE PLANTAS DE MILHO CULTIVADAS COM OMISSÃO DE MACRONUTRIENTES EM ARGISSOLO

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento inicial e diagnose nutricional de plantas de milho cultivadas com omissão de macronutrientes em Argissolo. O experimento foi desenvolvido em estufa, tendo como substrato Argissolo amarelo distrocoeso, utilizou-se vasos com capacidade de 3 dm³, tendo como tratamentos: Solo sem adubação, Adubação referência e omissão de nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P) e potássio (K) respectivamente, mantendo cinco repetições por tratamento, totalizando 25 unidades experimentais, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foi realizado o plantio via propagação sexuada e após uma semana foi feito o desbaste, deixando apenas uma planta por vaso. Aos 30 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos, foram avaliados os parâmetros de crescimento: altura das plantas, número de folhas, diâmetro do colmo, massa seca (MS) da parte aérea (PA) e raiz (R), além das determinações nutricionais: concentração de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio na PA e R. Os resultados encontrados foram submetidos a análise de variância e posteriormente ao teste de medias de acordo a significância. O crescimento inicial das plantas de milho foi severamente comprometido com a ausência dos nutrientes N e P, destacando assim a importância dessa suplementação. A diagnose nutricional mostrou que a omissão dos macronutrientes comprometeu o acúmulo desses elementos. Palavras-chave: gramíneas; fertilidade do solo; nutrição mineral de plantas; Zea mays.   Initial growth and nutritional diagnosis of maize plants cultivated with omission of macronutrients in argissolo   ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial growth and nutritional diagnosis of corn plants cultivated with omission of macronutrients in Argisol. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with subsoil yellow dystrocoes, using pots with a capacity of 3 dm³, using as treatments: Soil without fertilization, reference fertilization and omission of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), maintaining five replicates per treatment, totaling 25 experimental units in a completely randomized design. Planting was carried out via sexual propagation and after one week the thinning was done, leaving only one plant per pot. At 30 days after application of the treatments, growth parameters were evaluated: plant height, leaf number, shoot diameter, shoot dry mass (AP) and root (R), in addition to the nutritional determinations: nitrogen concentration, phosphorus and potassium in PA and R. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and later to the test of means according to significance. The initial growth of corn plants was severely compromised by the absence of N and P nutrients, thus highlighting the importance of this supplementation. The nutritional diagnosis showed that omission of macronutrients compromised the accumulation of these elements. Keywords: grasses; soil fertility; mineral nutrition of plants; Zea mays

Anonáceas provocam mortalidade em larvas de Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera:Culicidae)

This work aimed at to evaluate the effect biocidal of Annona crassiflora, A. dioica, A. mucosa, A. coriacea and Cardiopetalum calophyllum in different solvents on larvae of A. aegypti after 24 hours of exhibition, being the data submitted to the variance analysis and test of comparison of averages. The lethal concentration (LC50) it was certain for Probit. A. coriacea in methanol and hexano and A. mucosa in methanol presented 100% of mortality in 0,1mg/mL, with LC50 0.007, 0.007 and 0.010, respectively. A. crassiflora presented superior mortality to 90% in 1.0 mg/mL, in the extract rude methanolic (CL50 0.100), hexane (LC50 0.507), dichloromethane (LC50 0.185) and in the fraction hexane (CL50 0.433). The fractions hidroalcoolica, etila acetate and chloroform didn’t cause mortality. In the species A. dioica and C. calophyllum the mortality was subscript to 50%. Therefore, A. crassiflora, A. coriacea and A. mucosa, in the solvents methanol and hexane are promising species for the development of futures biocides in the combat to the dengue vector.Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito biocida de Annona crassiflora, A. dioica, A. mucosa, A. coriacea e Cardiopetalum calophyllum sobre larvas de A. aegypti. As concentrações testadas foram 1,0, 0,8, 0,6, 0,5, 0,2, 0,1 mg/mL, para extratos brutos e/ou frações de A. crassiflora, A. dioica e C. calophyllum e 0,1, 0,08, 0,05, 0,02 e 0,01 mg/mL, para os extratos brutos de A. mucosa e A. coriacea.  Em cada solução foram adicionadas 20 larvas de 3° estádio de A. aegypti e a mortalidade larval foi registrada após 24 horas de exposição aos tratamentos e os dados submetidos à análise de variância e teste de comparação de médias. A concentração letal (CL50) foi determinada por Probit. A. coriacea em metanol e hexano e A. mucosa em metanol apresentaram 100% de mortalidade em 0,1 mg/mL. A. crassiflora apresentou mortalidade superior a 90% em 1,0 mg/mL, no extrato bruto metanólico, hexânico, diclorometano e na fração hexânica. As frações hidroalcóolica, acetato de etila e clorofórmio não apresentaram atividade inseticida. Nas espécies A. dioica e C. calophyllum com extrato bruto a mortalidade foi inferior a 50%. Portanto, A. crassiflora, A. coriacea e A. mucosa em metanol e hexano são promissoras no desenvolvimento de futuros biocidas, para o controle do vetor da dengue

Afrodescendentes no Brasil: política e educação / People of African descent in Brazil: politics and education

Por meio do presente estudo, buscamos apresentar aspectos relevantes sobre a formação do Estado e sua relação com a Educação, como também um apanhado histórico geral internacional e nacional sobre a percepção do negro em bibliografias científicas, sociais e poéticas, incluindo dados sobre alguns entraves das políticas educacionais a afrodescendentes. O objetivo principal deste artigo é de que através dos dados elencados possamos ter recursos para colocar em prática o debate sobre o papel da educação na luta pela igualdade de raças

Concentration and redistribution of mineral nutrients at different stages in the development of the rubber tree leaf.

A seringueira na fase adulta possui um crescimento intermitente com o processo de troca de folhas, que é caracterizado pela senescência. Esse é um mecanismo que as árvores utilizam para reciclarem os nutrientes, por meio dos ciclos bioquímico e biogeoquímico. Estudos sobre o ciclo bioquímico são necessários para verificar o comportamento dos nutrientes minerais, nos diferentes estádios foliares, pois a conservação desses é importante, visto que os seringais são implantados em solos de baixa fertilidade. Desse modo, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a dinâmica dos nutrientes minerais, durante os diferentes estádios foliares da seringueira. As folhas utilizadas foram provenientes de plantas do clone RRIM-600, de um seringal localizado em Nepomuceno, MG. Foram selecionadas oito árvores adultas que possuíam folhas nos diferentes estádios (B1, B2, C e D) e as senescentes (Sen.). As folhas nos estádios B1, B2, C e D foram coletadas nos quatro pontos ortogonais e as senescentes foram coletadas no solo após a agitação mecânica dos galhos. Observou-se que os nutrientes N, P, K, S, Cu e Zn diminuíram os seus teores nos diferentes estádios foliares da seringueira. No entanto, para Ca, Mg, B, Fe e Mn, verificarou-se um comportamento inverso. A redistribuição dos nutrientes foi maior para N, P, K e Cu. A ordem relativa dos teores de macronutrientes encontrados nas folhas foi: N>K>Ca>Mg>S>P e, para os micronutrientes, a ordem foi: Mn>Fe>Zn>B>Cu