“O combatente melhor alimentado da europa”: a alimentação da Força Expedicionária Brasileira e a aliança brasil-EUA durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial (1943-1945)

Este texto se dedica a história da alimentação da Força Expedicionária Brasileira durante a Campanha da Itália na Segunda Guerra Mundial. São examinados tópicos como as negociações militares entre autoridades estadunidenses e brasileiras sobre o fornecimento de comida à FEB; as implicações do abastecimento de gêneros alimentícios de origem estadunidense e brasileira; a reação dos militares brasileiros aos alimentos que lhe foram fornecidos além mar; e a dieta mista adotada na prática pelas autoridades militares brasileiras. A pesquisa foi extensivamente baseada em memórias e relatos de veteranos de guerra, bem como a consulta a acervos documentais nacionais estrangeiros até aqui inéditos.

A cultura dos assuntos públicos: o caso do "custo Brasil"

O artigo discute as origens e transformações históricas daquele que pode ser considerado um tema central nos debates relativos ao desenvolvimento econômico no Brasil contemporâneo: as causas e as formas de se resolver o assim chamado Custo Brasil. Analiso aqui os diferentes usos que foram feitos dessa expressão por instituições e agentes específicos, os resultados obtidos e de que forma estes se relacionam com a conjuntura histórica e com a cultura política brasileira contemporâneas. Abstract The article discusses the origns and historical transformations of a central theme in debates related to economic development in contemporary Brazil: the causes and the forms of solving the so called "custo Brasil". I analyse here the different uses of this expression that were made by specific institutions and agents, the results obtained and how these relate with contemporary historical conjuncture and Brazilian political culture. Résumé L'article traite des origines et des transformations historiques de ce qu'on peut considérer comme un thème central dans le débats concernant le développement économique dans le Brésil contemporain: les causes et les manières de résoudre le dit «coût Brésil». J'examine ici les différents emplois de cette expression par des institutions et des agents spécifiques, les résultats obtenus et leurs rapports avec la conjoncture historique et la culture politique brésilienne contemporaines

PODER MILITAR E IDENTIDADE DE GRUPO NA SEGUNDA GUERRA MUNDIAL: A EXPERIÊNCIA HISTÓRICA DA PSIQUIATRIA MILITAR BRASILEIRA

Este artigo se propõe a discutir, com relação à experiência militar da Força Expedicionária Brasileira (FEB) na Campanha da Itália (1944/ 45) na Segunda Guerra Mundial, dois aspectos que a literatura disponível considera centrais para o entendimento da organização da violência a partir das instituições militares: as formas pelas quais se dá a construção de uma identidade coletiva entre os seus membros e o papel que dentro desse processo é desempenhado pelos sentimentos experimentados pelos indivíduos. Este artigo pretende interpretar as evidências legadas sobre esses tópicos a partir de fontes fontes legadas pela História Militar e pela Psiquiatria Militar brasileiras numa perspectiva interdisciplinar. Abstract This article intends to discuss, with relationship to the military experience of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force (FEB) in the Campaign of Italy (1944/45) in Second World War, two aspects that the available literature considers central for the understanding of the organization of the violence starting from the military institutions: the forms for the which works the construction of a collective identity among of its members and the paper that inside of this process it is carried out by the feelings tried by the individuals. This text intends to interpret the evidences delegated on these topics starting from sources available by the Military History and for the Psychiatry Military Brazilians in a interdisciplinar perspective

O cinema soviético e as representações da Revolução de Outubro e da Guerra Civil * The soviet cinema and the representations of the October Revolution and Civil War

Os filmes soviéticos ambientados durante a Revolução de Outubro e a Guerra Civil, ao longo de sete décadas, passaram por inúmeras transformações: de gênero predominante, de escola artística, das representações feitas sobre a Revolução e o conflito armado que se seguiu. Essas alterações devem ser primordialmente encontradas no próprio desenvolvimento da URSS: político, social e econômico. Apesar da influência de correntes artísticas externas e do trabalho interno de cineastas, o sistema soviético se mostrou mais sensível a essas forças

A OCUPAÇÃO DA POLÔNIA (1939) NA HISTORIOGRAFIA OFICIAL SOVIÉTICA

A partir do levantamento bibliográfico sobre a intervenção militar da URSS na Polônia (1939) presente na historiografia oficial soviética, constata-se que esta se afirma constituir num revide ao que classifica como historiografia conservadora burguesa – interessada em ocultar a natureza imperialista da guerra –, capaz de separar a verdade da mentira sobre o início da Segunda Guerra por meio do aporte teórico do marxismo-leninismo. Mais do que por rupturas, tomadas no Ocidente como naturais e reincidentes ao sistema totalitário, ela se caracteriza pela continuidade de temas e episódios estabelecidos na mesma época. Alterações e suspensões são frequentes na historiografia soviética. A perenidade, no entanto, se impõe como fator chave

Dynamical perturbations of black-hole punctures: effects of slicing conditions

While numerous numerical relativity simulations adopt a 1+log slicing condition, shock-avoiding slicing conditions form a viable and sometimes advantageous alternative. Despite both conditions satisfying similar equations, recent numerical experiments point to a qualitative difference in the behavior of the lapse in the vicinity of the black-hole puncture: for 1+log slicing, the lapse appears to decay approximately exponentially, while for shock-avoiding slices it performs approximately harmonic oscillation. Motivated by this observation, we consider dynamical coordinate transformations of the Schwarzschild spacetime to describe small perturbations of static trumpet geometries analytically. We find that the character of the resulting equations depends on the (unperturbed) mean curvature at the black-hole puncture: for 1+log slicing it is positive, predicting exponential decay in the lapse, while for shock-avoiding slices it vanishes, leading to harmonic oscillation. In addition to identifying the value of the mean curvature as the origin of these qualitative differences, our analysis provides insight into the dynamical behavior of black-hole punctures for different slicing conditions.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

Towards a free-free template for CMB foregrounds

A full-sky template map of the Galactic free-free foreground emission component is increasingly important for high sensitivity CMB experiments. We use the recently published \ha data of both the northern and southern skies as the basis for such a template. The first step is to correct the \ha maps for dust absorption using the 100 $\mu$m dust maps of Schlegel, Finkbeiner & Davis (1998). We show that for a range of longitudes, the Galactic latitude distribution of absorption suggests that it is 33 per cent of the full extragalactic absorption. A reliable absorption-corrected \ha map can be produced for $\sim 95$ per cent of the sky; the area for which a template cannot be recovered is the Galactic plane area $|b| < 5^{\circ}$, $l=260^{\circ}-0^{\circ}-160^{\circ}$ and some isolated dense dust clouds at intermediate latitudes. The second step is to convert the dust-corrected \ha data into a predicted radio surface brightness. The free-free emission formula is revised to give an accurate expression (1 per cent) for the radio emission covering the frequency range 100 MHz to 100 GHz and the electron temperature range 3000 to 20000 K. The main uncertainty when applying this expression is the variation of electron temperature across the sky. The emission formula is verified in several extended H{\sc ii} regions using data in the range 408 to 2326 MHz. A full-sky free-free template map is presented at 30 GHz; the scaling to other frequencies is given. The Haslam et al. all-sky 408 MHz map of the sky can be corrected for this free-free component, which amounts to a $\approx 6$ per cent correction at intermediate and high latitudes....Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in M.N.R.A.S. High-resolution versions of figs 2,7 (in colour), 9 and 11 can be obtained from ftp://ftp.jb.man.ac.uk/pub/cdickins/ff_paper/FINAL_FIGURES

A determination of the Spectra of Galactic components observed by WMAP

WMAP data when combined with ancillary data on free-free, synchrotron and dust allow an improved understanding of the spectrum of emission from each of these components. Here we examine the sky variation at intermediate latitudes using a cross-correlation technique. In particular, we compare the observed emission in 15 selected sky regions to three ``standard'' templates. The free-free emission of the diffuse ionised gas is fitted by a well-known spectrum at K and Ka band, but the derived emissivity corresponds to a mean electron temperature of ~4000-5000K. This is inconsistent with estimates from galactic HII regions. The origin of the discrepancy is unclear. The anomalous emission associated with dust is clearly detected in most of the 15 fields studied; it correlates well with the Finkbeiner et al. model 8 predictions (FDS8) at 94 GHz, with an effective spectral index between 20 and 60GHz of -2.85. Furthermore, the emissivity varies by a factor of ~2 from cloud to cloud. A modestly improved fit to the anomalous dust at K-band is provided by modulating the template by an estimate of the dust colour temperature, specifically FDS8*T^n. We find a preferred value n~1.6. The synchrotron emission steepens between GHz frequencies and the WMAP bands. There are indications of spectral index variations across the sky but the current data are not precise enough to accurately quantify this from region to region. Our analysis of the WMAP data indicates strongly that the dust-correlated emission at the low WMAP frequencies has a spectrum which is compatible with spinning dust; we find no evidence for a synchrotron component correlated with dust (abridged).Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, revised version uses cross-correlation method rather than T-T method. Paper re-organised and sent back to refere

Constraining Spinning Dust Parameters with the WMAP Five-Year Data

We characterize spinning dust emission in the warm ionized medium by comparing templates of Galactic dust and Halpha with the 5-year maps from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe. The Halpha-correlated microwave emission deviates from the thermal bremsstrahlung (free-free) spectrum expected for ionized gas, exhibiting an additional broad bump peaked at ~40 GHz which provides ~20% of the peak intensity. We confirm that the bump is consistent with a modified Draine & Lazarian (1998) spinning dust model, though the peak frequency of the emission is somewhat lower than the 50 GHz previously claimed. This frequency shift results from systematic errors in the large-scale modes of the 3-year WMAP data which have been corrected in the 5-year data release. We show that the bump is not the result of errors in the Halpha template by analyzing regions of high free-free intensity, where the WMAP K-band map may be used as the free-free template. We rule out a pure free-free spectrum for the Halpha-correlated emission at high confidence: ~27sigma for the nearly full-sky fit, even after marginalizing over the CMB cross-correlation bias. We also extend the previous analysis by searching the parameter space of the Draine & Lazarian model but letting the amplitude float. The best fit for reasonable values of the characteristic electric dipole moment and density requires an amplitude factor of ~0.3. This suggests that small PAHs in the warm ionized medium are depleted by a factor of ~3.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures; submitted to Ap