Irrigation and drainage in the new millennium

Presented at the 2000 USCID international conference, Challenges facing irrigation and drainage in the new millennium on June 20-24 in Fort Collins, Colorado.Includes bibliographical references.This paper is based on the results of a one-year study and analysis of irrigated agriculture in Indonesia (1997-98). The research was funded by the Asian Development Bank. and implemented with cooperation of the National Development Planning Board (BAPPENAS) and the Directorate General of Water Resources (DGWRD, Ministry of Public Works) in Indonesia. The overall purpose of the study was to review past policy approaches to irrigation development and management, evaluate their effectiveness, and recommend options for future

The Effect of Spoiler Types on Enjoyment

The belief that story spoilers are irksome is prevalent in society. However, prior research (Leavitt & Christenfeld, 2011, 2013) has found that spoilers increase enjoyment of short stories, while two follow-up studies (Johnson & Rosenbaum, 2015; Levine, Betzner, & Autry, in press) have failed to confirm these results and, in fact, found the opposite result – that spoilers decrease enjoyment. While these differential results are puzzling, they may be explained by the different spoilers types used in these studies. Therefore, in the present research, we examined whether the discrepant results were due to the spoiler types employed by using all three spoiler types along with an unspoiled condition. We also addressed other methodological differences by using both a single-item and multidimensional measure of enjoyment. Lastly, we examined the role of individual traits, including need for cognition, print exposure, and transportability in moderating the effect of spoilers on enjoyment. We found that spoilers had no significant effect on overall enjoyment, but that some spoilers did significantly decrease suspense, movingness, and lasting impression scores; no spoilers increased enjoyment. The disparities and similarities between our findings and those of prior studies are discussed

A Fuzzy Rule Based Approach to Predict Risk Level of Heart Disease

Health care domain systems globally face lots of difficulties because of the high amount of risk factors of heart diseases in peoples (WHO, 2013). To reduce risk, improved knowledge based expert systems played an important role and has a contribution towards the development of the healthcare system for cardiovascular disease. To make use of benefits of knowledge based system, it is necessary for health organizations and users; must need to know the fuzzy rule based expert system2019;s integrity, efficiency, and deployments, which are the open challenges of current fuzzy logic based medical systems. In our proposed system, we have designed a fuzzy rule based expert system and also by using data mining technique we have reduced the total number of attributes. Our system mainly focuses on cardiovascular disease diagnosis, and the dataset taken from UCI (Machine Learning Repository). We explored in the existing work. The majority of the researcher2019;s experimentation was made on 14 attributes out of 76. While, in our system we took advantage of 6 attributes for system design. In the preliminary stage UCI, data participated in suggested system that will get outcomes. The performance of the system matched with Neural Network and J48 Decision Tree Algorithm

Évaluation du niveau de pollution par les métaux lourds des lacs Bini et Dang, Région de l’Adamaoua, Cameroun

La présente étude a pour objectif principal d’évaluer le niveau de pollution métallique des lacs Bini et Dang (Ngaoundéré, Cameroun) à travers l’analyse des eaux et des sédiments de surface. La concentration des métaux lourds (Ni, Cr, Fe, Pb, Cd, Zn) a été mesurée par spectrophotométrie d’absorption atomique. Des résultats obtenus, il ressort que les éléments Ni, Fe, Cr, Pb et Cd ont des teneurs élevées dans les eaux des deux lacs comparés aux normes OMS sur les eaux de boisson et aux normes canadiennes sur la protection de la vie aquatique. Afin d’évaluer le niveau de contamination des sédiments des deux lacs, le facteur d’enrichissement (FE) et l’indice de géoaccumulation (I-géo) ont été calculés.Ainsi, le cadmium présente des FE forts à très forts alors que le plomb affiche des FE modérés à forts. L’Igéo varie d’une forte contamination à une contamination extrême pour le cadmium. Cet index est modéré à fort pour le plomb et modéré pour le fer. Les sédiments du lac de Dang sont dans l’ensemble les plus contaminés en métaux lourds par rapport à ceux du lac Bini. Les activités agricoles, les rejets des eaux usées domestiques et les décharges incontrôlées sont considérés comme principales sources de pollution des deux lacs.Mots-clés : bini, dang, métaux lourds, lac, sédiment

Kodune enteraalne toitmisravi täiskasvanud patsientidel Põhja-Eesti Regionaalhaiglas 2019-2020

https://www.ester.ee/record=b544856

Innovation in Road Construction Industry: An Analysis of Different Case Studies

Process improvement and innovation in the field of road construction sector offers significant community and industry benefits, by making an important contribution in economic growth and enhancing the quality of life. However, achieving better innovative practices in order to improve existing construction processes and to heighten competitiveness have gradually become a challenge for the road industry. The use of innovation in this context refers to the use of suitable materials in the construction of road, material such as eco-friendly roads, solar roads and recycled materials. This paper examines 12 different case studies on the uses of new material in road construction and where case studies are from different countries in different context and explores the usefulness of the practices under numerous road situation and conditions. The case studies have been analyzed in the following context: location of the case study, which helps to identify the suitability of road construction material with the weather condition; driving factors, which indicates, how and what selected case studies contribute in the field of innovation; economy and environment feasibility; and barriers in the case studies, which indicates hurdles to implement selected case studies. The study findings indicate that in order to maintain competitiveness, construction industry needs to continuously focus on the improvement of their construction processes and innovative materials. Finding indicates that in most case studies both economic and environmental benefits were realized

Soil moisture probe

Presented at Irrigated agriculture responds to water use challenges - strategies for success: USCID water management conference held on April 3-6, 2012 in Austin, Texas.Includes bibliographical references.Throughout the American West irrigated agriculture has been targeted to increase water use efficiency. Soil moisture sensors offer a method to achieve efficiency improvements but have found limited use due primarily to high cost and lack of soil specific calibration equations. In this paper we examine the ECH2O EC-20 soil moisture sensor, a low cost capacitance sensor and develop a unique laboratory calibration method. Field and laboratory calibration equations were developed for 6 soil types in the Middle Rio Grande Valley. The average absolute error in volumetric water content for field calibration was 0.43 m³/m³, and 0.012 m³/m³ for the laboratory calibration. The factory calibration equation for the EC-20 was also evaluated and found to yield an average absolute error of 0.049 m³/m³. We found that the EC-20 is a reliable, cost effective, and accurate sensor, and recommend that the laboratory calibration method presented here be used to obtain maximum accuracy. We also recommend that the field calibration of the EC-20 soil moisture sensor be foregone, as this type of calibration exhibits large error rates. Additionally, it was found that the field calibration method was time consuming, covered a small range of moisture content values and was destructive to the area around installed sensors, which could lead to measurement errors

Innovation in the road construction sector and its benefits to the industry

Innovation in road construction industry offers important industry and community benefits. This refers to the use of better materials for the purpose of road construction, such as solar roads, eco-friendly roads, recycled materials etc. This thesis review the use of innovative practices internationally. It examines different case studies from different countries, and explores the suitability of the practices under several road conditions. The study results indicate that trials are underway in several countries demonstrating potential for innovative technologies in road construction