1,706 research outputs found
Energy-sensitive imaging detector applied to the dissociative recombination of D2H+
We report on an energy-sensitive imaging detector for studying the
fragmentation of polyatomic molecules in the dissociative recombination of fast
molecular ions with electrons. The system is based on a large area (10 cm x 10
cm) position-sensitive, double-sided Si-strip detector with 128 horizontal and
128 vertical strips, whose pulse height information is read out individually.
The setup allows to uniquely identify fragment masses and is thus capable of
measuring branching ratios between different fragmentation channels, kinetic
energy releases, as well as breakup geometries, as a function of the relative
ion-electron energy. The properties of the detection system, which has been
installed at the TSR storage ring facility of the Max-Planck Institute for
Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, is illustrated by an investigation of the
dissociative recombination of the deuterated triatomic hydrogen cation D2H+. A
huge isotope effect is observed when comparing the relative branching ratio
between the D2+H and the HD+D channel; the ratio 2B(D2+H)/B(HD+D), which is
measured to be 1.27 +/- 0.05 at relative electron-ion energies around 0 eV, is
found to increase to 3.7 +/- 0.5 at ~5 eV.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Physical Review
Spectroscopy and dissociative recombination of the lowest rotational states of H3+
The dissociative recombination of the lowest rotational states of H3+ has
been investigated at the storage ring TSR using a cryogenic 22-pole
radiofrequency ion trap as injector. The H3+ was cooled with buffer gas at ~15
K to the lowest rotational levels, (J,G)=(1,0) and (1,1), which belong to the
ortho and para proton-spin symmetry, respectively. The rate coefficients and
dissociation dynamics of H3+(J,G) populations produced with normal- and para-H2
were measured and compared to the rate and dynamics of a hot H3+ beam from a
Penning source. The production of cold H3+ rotational populations was
separately studied by rovibrational laser spectroscopy using chemical probing
with argon around 55 K. First results indicate a ~20% relative increase of the
para contribution when using para-H2 as parent gas. The H3+ rate coefficient
observed for the para-H2 source gas, however, is quite similar to the H3+ rate
for the normal-H2 source gas. The recombination dynamics confirm that for both
source gases, only small populations of rotationally excited levels are
present. The distribution of 3-body fragmentation geometries displays a broad
part of various triangular shapes with an enhancement of ~12% for events with
symmetric near-linear configurations. No large dependences on internal state or
collision energy are found.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, to be published in Journal of Physics:
Conference Proceeding
Analytical Results For The Steady State Of Traffic Flow Models With Stochastic Delay
Exact mean field equations are derived analytically to give the fundamental
diagrams, i.e., the average speed - car density relations, for the
Fukui-Ishibashi one-dimensional traffic flow cellular automaton model of high
speed vehicles with stochastic delay. Starting with the basic
equation describing the time evolution of the number of empty sites in front of
each car, the concepts of inter-car spacings longer and shorter than are
introduced. The probabilities of having long and short spacings on the road are
calculated. For high car densities , it is shown that
inter-car spacings longer than will be shortened as the traffic flow
evolves in time, and any initial configurations approach a steady state in
which all the inter-car spacings are of the short type. Similarly for low car
densities , it can be shown that traffic flow approaches an
asymptotic steady state in which all the inter-car spacings are longer than
. The average traffic speed is then obtained analytically as a function of
car density in the asymptotic steady state. The fundamental diagram so obtained
is in excellent agreement with simulation data.Comment: 12 pages, latex, 2 figure
Dimension-six CP-conserving operators of the third-family quarks and their effects on collider observables
We list all possible dimension-six CP-conserving invariant operators involving the third-family quarks which
could be generated by new physics at a higher scale. Expressions for these
operators after electroweak gauge symmetry breaking and the induced effective
couplings , and are
presented. Analytic expressions for the tree level contributions of all these
operators to the observables and at LEP I,
and at LEP II,
and at the NLC, as well as
at the Tevatron upgrade, are provided.
The effects of these operators on different electroweak observables are
discussed and numerical examples presented. Numerical analyses show that in the
coupling region allowed by and at LEP I, some of the new
physics operators can still have significant contributions at LEP II, the
Tevatron and the NLC.Comment: 25 page
Studies of Prevention, Treatment and Mechanisms of Heart Failure in the Aging Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is an animal model of genetic hypertension which develops heart failure with aging, similar to man. The consistent pattern of a long period of stable hypertrophy followed by a transition to failure provides a useful model to study mechanisms of heart failure with aging and test treatments at differing phases of the disease process. The transition from compensated hypertrophy to failure is accompanied by changes in cardiac function which are associated with altered active and passive mechanical properties of myocardial tissue; these events define the physiologic basis for cardiac decompensation. In examining the mechanism for myocardial tissue dysfunction, studies have demonstrated a central role for neurohormonal activation, and specifically the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Pharmacologic attenuation of this system at differing points in the course of the process suggests that prevention but not reversal of myocardial tissue dysfunction is possible. The roles of the extracellular matrix, apoptosis, intracellular calcium, beta-adrenergic stimulation, microtubules, and oxygen supply-demand relationships in ultimately mediating myocardial tissue dysfunction are reviewed. Studies suggest that while considerable progress has been made in understanding and treating the transition to failure, our current state of knowledge is limited in scope and we are not yet able to define specific mechanisms responsible for tissue dysfunction. It will be necessary to integrate information on the roles of newly discovered, and as yet undiscovered, genes and pathways to provide a clearer understanding of maladaptive remodeling seen with heart failure. Understanding the mechanism for tissue dysfunction is likely to result in more effective treatments for the prevention and reversal of heart failure with aging. It is anticipated that the SHR model will assist us in reaching these important goals.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45828/1/10741_2004_Article_391524.pd
Final State Interactions in
It is believed that the production rate of is almost
solely determined by final state interactions (FSI) and hence provides an ideal
place to test FSI models. Here we examine model calculations of the
contributions from s-channel resonance and t-channel exchange to
the FSI effects in . The contribution from s-channel
is sma The results from
two methods are roughly consistent with each other and can reproduce the large
rate of reasonably well$Comment: Latex, 16 pages, with 2 figure
Expression of uncoupling proteins-1,-2 and-3 mRNA is induced by an adenocarcinoma-derived lipid-mobilizing factor
The abnormalities of lipid metabolism observed in cancer cachexia may be induced by a lipid-mobilizing factor produced by adenocarcinomas. The specific molecules and metabolic pathways that mediate the actions of lipid-mobilizing factor are not known. The mitochondrial uncoupling proteins-1, -2 and -3 are suggested to play essential roles in energy dissipation and disposal of excess lipid. Here, we studied the effects of lipid-mobilizing factor on the expression of uncoupling proteins-1, -2 and -3 in normal mice. Lipid-mobilizing factor isolated from the urine of cancer patients was injected intravenously into mice over a 52-h period, while vehicle was similarly given to controls. Lipid-mobilizing factor caused significant reductions in body weight (-10%, P=0.03) and fat mass (-20%, P<0.01) accompanied by a marked decrease in plasma leptin (-59%, P<0.01) and heavy lipid deposition in the liver. In brown adipose tissue, uncoupling protein-1 mRNA levels were elevated in lipid-mobilizing factor-treated mice (+96%, P<0.01), as were uncoupling proteins-2 and -3 (+57% and +37%, both P<0.05). Lipid-mobilizing factor increased uncoupling protein-2 mRNA in both skeletal muscle (+146%, P<0.05) and liver (+142%, P=0.03). The protein levels of uncoupling protein-1 in brown adipose tissue and uncoupling protein-2 in liver were also increased with lipid-mobilizing factor administration (+49% and +67%, both P=0.02). Upregulation by lipid-mobilizing factor of uncoupling proteins-1, -2 and -3 in brown adipose tissue, and of uncoupling protein-2 in skeletal muscle and liver, suggests that these uncoupling proteins may serve to utilize excess lipid mobilized during fat catabolism in cancer cachexia
Near-Threshold Production of omega Mesons in the pp -> pp omega Reaction
The total cross section for omega production in the pp -> pp omega reaction
has been measured at five c.m. excess energies from 3.8 to 30 MeV. The energy
dependence is easily understood in terms of a strong proton-proton final state
interaction combined with a smearing over the width of the state. The ratio of
near-threshold phi and omega production is consistent with the predictions of a
one-pion-exchange model and the degree of violation of the OZI rule is similar
to that found in the pi-p -> n omega/phi reactions.Comment: Report in LaTeX2e. 12 pages with 2 eps figure
Possible background reductions in double beta decay experiments
The background induced by radioactive impurities of and
in the source of the double beta experiment NEMO-3 has been
investigated. New methods of data analysis which decrease the background from
the above mentioned contamination are identified. The techniques can also be
applied to other double beta decay experiments capable of measuring
independently the energies of the two electrons.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, accepted in the Nuclear Instruments and Methods
The u'g'r'i'z' Standard Star Network
We present the 158 standard stars that define the u'g'r'i'z' photometric
system. These stars form the basis for the photometric calibration of the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The defining instrument system and filters, the
observing process, the reduction techniques, and the software used to create
the stellar network are all described. We briefly discuss the history of the
star selection process, the derivation of a set of transformation equations for
the UBVRcIc system, and plans for future work.Comment: References to URLs in paper have been updated to reflect moved
website. Accepted by AJ. 50 pages, including 20 pages of text, 9 tables, and
15 figures. Plain ASCII text versions of Tables 8 and 9 can be found at
http://home.fnal.gov/~dtucker/ugriz/index.html (new URL
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