ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ НАПРУЖЕНО-ДЕФОРМОВАНОГО СТАНУ МАСИВУ ПРИ ПЕРЕХОДІ З ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ПОГАШЕННЯ ОЧИСНОГО ПРОСТОРУ НА ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ З ЗАКЛАДКОЮ

To date, all the mines of the Krуvyі Rіh iron ore basin are mining deposits of rich iron ore using technologies with the repayment of goaf. Such technologies lead to deformations of the host rocks, which eventually come to the surface. The use of goaf backfilling will reduce the impact of underground mining on the surrounding massif. The transition to technologies with filling requires additional research to establish new patterns of change in the stress-strain state of the combined massif and to establish new dependencies for changes instresses and strains during the formation of "transitional technologies". Such a technology can be a chamber mining system with the formation of an ore interfloor pillar, under the cover of which the reserves of the treatment chamber of the lower horizon are mined, which are mined in the classical versions without backfilling. After complete working out of the chamber reserve, the treatment space is filled with a hardening backfill. After the hardening backfill has gained the standard strength, the artificial array of the hardening backfill will serve as an artificial pillar (ceiling) when working out the lower chamber. Thus, the formed artificial pillar will serve as a safety pillar. This safety pillar will separate the existing conventional technology on the upper horizons from the proposed goaf backfill technology, which is recommended for mining the lower horizons. Inaddition, a protective artificial pillar protects the lower floor and allows the use of deposit mining technologies on the lower horizons with subsequent disposal of mining and metallurgical waste in the goaf. In accordance with the proposed technology, we have built a calculation scheme that includes the main  components of the transitional technology. The main elements are a spent chamber, an interfloor artificial pillar and overlying collapsed waste rocks. Toprove the possibility of using transitional technologies, relevant analytical  studies were carried out. This article is devoted to such research.На сьогоднішній день всі шахти Криворізького залізорудного басейну відпрацьовують поклади багатих залізних руд технологіями з погашенням виробленого простору. Такі технології призводять до деформацій вмісних порід, які з часом виходять на денну поверхню. Застосування закладки виробленого простору знизить вплив підземної розробки на оточуючий масив. Перехід на технології з закладкою потребують додаткових досліджень для встановлення нових закономірностей зміни напружено-деформованого стану комбінованого масиву та встановлення нових залежностей зміни напружень і деформацій при формуванні «перехідних технологій».Саме таким дослідженням і присвячено ця стаття

Increasing the effectiveness of aggregates for planting sugar beet stecklings to receive elite seeds

ArticlePlanting sugar beet stecklings with planting machine is one of the stages in the technological process of producing elite seeds. The analysis of the experience of using planting units for planting stecklings showed a number of disadvantages: poor quality of planting stecklings without spacing stability and the absence of parameter control; unregulated applying nutrients and granules of water preservation to the roots negatively affect the development of plants. The aggregate having openers of the planting device was designed, and the system of supplying the spray of nutrients and growth stimulator is envisaged. The technological process is conducted in the following way: during the movement of equilateral triangles of the planting cones mechanism the root is planted in the soil. To eliminate the drawbacks while planting stecklings, the openers of the planting device for the roots having the diameter of 50–120 mm were designed. Owing to them free falling roots in the soil is ensured and their lifting together with the cone to the soil surface is prevented. The research has shown that root plant spacing depends on the angular and forward velocities of the device. The draft resistance of furrow openers and soil compaction depend on the furrow width and depth and the distance between the axes of quadrangles and the unit rear compaction wheels. Improving the planter, taking into account biological peculiarities of plant development, meeting the requirements of energy saving and economic expediency was proved

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ГРАДИЕНТНЫХ ПОВЕРХНОСТНЫХ СЛОЕВ НЕОДНОКРАТНЫМ ЛАЗЕРНЫМ ЛЕГИРОВАНИЕМ

The capability of deriving laser alloying layers with a smoothly varying gradient of properties was investigated. It was reached by conducting of repeated alloying with a series of lower depth of a melting zone. Obtained nature of allocation structural component and gradient of properties through the thickness, as well as general morphology of the hardened layer have proved a high level of its operation properties in conditions of high contact loading.Исследовали возможность получения лазерно-легированных слоев с плавным градиентом свойств. Это достигалось проведением неоднократного легирования с последовательным уменьшением глубины зоны переплава. Полученный характер распределения структурных составляющих и градиента свойств по глубине, а также общая морфология упрочненного слоя заставляют ожидать высокого уровня его эксплуатационных свойств в условиях высоких контактных нагрузок

Recombinant Pseudomonas Vaccine: Technological Aspects of Obtaining and Evaluating Quality Indicators

For an aim to prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a candidate recombinant vaccine has been developed. This vaccine – (RPV) was based on two protective proteins of P. aeruginosa: the outer membrane protein F (OprF) and the recombinant truncated form of the Exotoxin A (toxoid) that were adsorbed on the aluminum hydroxide. The optimal immunization schedule for mice included two intraperitoneal administrations with a two-week interval. RPV promoted to increase survival rates in challenged immunized mice and stimulated humoral and innate immune responses. During preclinical studies, we confirmed the immunogenicity of the vaccine that had not pyrogenicity, acute and chronic toxicity, allergenicity and immunotoxicity. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, outer membrane protein F (OprF), toxoid, Pseudomonas Recombinant Vaccine (PRV

Digital receivers for low-frequency radio telescopes UTR-2, URAN, GURT

This paper describes digital radio astronomical receivers used for decameter and meter wavelength observations. This paper describes digital radio astronomical receivers used for decameter and meter wavelength observations. Since 1998, digital receivers performing on-the-fly dynamic spectrum calculations or waveform data recording without data loss have been used at the UTR-2 radio telescope, the URAN VLBI system, and the GURT new generation radio telescope. Here we detail these receivers developed for operation in the strong interference environment that prevails in the decameter wavelength range. Data collected with these receivers allowed us to discover numerous radio astronomical objects and phenomena at low frequencies, a summary of which is also presented.Comment: 24 pages, 15 figure

ESTIMATION OF STATE OF PANCREAS AND CHANGE OF REGIONAL HEMODYNAMICS IN PATIENTS WITH EDEMATOUS FORM OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS WITH RECOVERY OUTCOME

The article shows peculiarities of regional circulation of the blood in patients with acute pancreatitis during conservative treatment. Obtained data allows to estimate state of pancreas objectively and also to control adequacy of the treatment

РАСЧЕТ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ ПОТОКА ЧАСТИЦ ПРИ ПЛАЗМЕННОМ НАПЫЛЕНИИ СМЕСИ САМОФЛЮСУЮЩЕГОСЯ ПОРОШКА И КЕРАМИКИ

Plasma spraying is one of the most effective methods allowing both to restore worn surfaces of parts and create wearresistant coatings on new parts aiming the increase of their service life. Properties of the produced coatings depend on number of parameters, such as a plasma temperature, a chemical and fractional composition of the sprayed mixture, a distance from a plasma torch to the surface of a part, etc. Mathematical modeling of the process can significantly reduce the cost of processing of technological modes and is widely used at present for a calculation of technological parameters. The paper is devoted to mathematical simulation aiming to determine an effect of the injected ceramics content on the change in a temperature of a particles flow, as well as finding the modes in which the particles of high-temperature ceramics will be in the liquid state when they are deposited on the surface of a product. A mathematical model of particles heating in plasma has been formulated and a system of equations has been compiled. The system of equations has been solved numerically in Mathcad by a standard procedure using the Rkadapt function. Calculations have been carried out for a volume concentration of Al2O3 ceramics in a mixture from 5 to 50 % and for a plasma temperature at the exit from the plasma torch in the range from 6000 to 10000 K. Calculations have shown that the concentration of ceramics does not significantly affect the temperature of a mixture. The temperature of the particles depends to a large extent on the temperature of the plasma and the diameter of particles. It has been determined that for the entire range of calculated values the temperature of the self-fluxing powder in contact with the substrate exceeds a melting point. Fractional particle size has a strong effect on the temperature of particles at the moment of contact with the substrate. The dependences of a temperature of the ceramic phase on the particle size at different concentrations and plasma temperature have been determined. Analysis of the coatings microstructures has shown a good correlation with the results of the calculation.Плазменное напыление является одним из эффективных методов, позволяющих как восстанавливать изношенные поверхности деталей, так и создавать износостойкие покрытия на новых деталях с целью увеличения срока их службы. Свойства создаваемых покрытий зависят от ряда параметров, таких как температура плазмы, химический и фракционный составы напыляемой смеси, расстояние от плазмотрона до поверхности и др. Математическое моделирование процесса позволяет значительно снизить стоимость отработки технологических режимов и широко используется в настоящее время для расчета технологических параметров. В настоящей работе была поставлена цель проведения математического моделирования для определения влияния содержания вводимой керамики на изменение температуры потока частиц, а также нахождения режима, при котором частицы высокотемпературной керамики будут в жидком состоянии при осаждении на поверхность изделия. Сформулирована математическая модель нагрева частиц в плазме и составлена система уравнений, которая решалась численно в пакете MathCad стандартной процедурой с использованием функции Rkadapt. Расчеты проводились для объемной концентрации керамики Al2O3 в смеси от 5 до 50 % и для температуры плазмы на выходе из плазмотрона в интервале от 6000 до 10000 К. Вычисления показали, что концентрация керамики не влияет значительно на температуру смеси. Температура частиц в большей мере зависит от температуры плазмы. Определено, что для всего диапазона расчетных величин температура самофлюсующегося порошка при контакте с подложкой превышает температуру плавления. Фракционный размер частиц оказывает сильное влияние на температуру частиц в момент соприкосновения с подложкой. Определены зависимости температуры керамической фазы от размера частиц при различных концентрациях и температуре плазмы. Анализ микроструктур покрытий показал хорошую корреляцию с результатами расчета

Ефективність дорощування гібридних поросят з різною масою при постановці за рідкої системи їх годівлі

The intensity of growth of piglets, their preservation during rearing, and the payment of feed by the increments of animals that were placed for rearing with a design live weight of 7 kg and 20 % less than the design weight – 5.5 kg were studied. Also, the ratio of consumption of compound feed of different recipes during rearing, their cost, and the efficiency of rearing piglets at different staged live weights were studied. It was established that piglets that weighed 1.58 kg less at the beginning of rearing, when placed on rearing during this period, showed 20.9 % lower growth energy, due to which they had 19.6 % lower absolute growth during this period, which caused together with a lower production weight, a 20.3 % lower weight when transferred to fattening and an 8.8 % worse feed payment in increments, they consumed 31.4 % more of the expensive first pre-starter feed during the growing period, and 11.9 % less than the second cheaper pre-starter compound feed and 42.6 % less than the cheapest starter compound feed, as a result of which the cost of feed consumed by the animals of the experimental group was 10.6 % lower compared to the analogs of the experimental group. But taking into account the significantly lower absolute growth of the animals of the experimental group, the cost of feed for 1 kg of growth was 11.2 % higher in comparison with the similar indicator of animals that were put on growing at a designed live weight of 7.0 kg. At the same time, rearing piglets under the conditions of putting them into this process with the design live weight contributed to a decrease of 11.2 % in the cost of feed per kilogram of growth, an increase of 20.3 % in the cost of one piglet after the completion of rearing, and a 23.1 % increase in the income from its sale and 1.07 % higher profitability of raising one head, but resulted in 10.6 % higher feed and operating cost of rearing 1 head and 19.6 % higher operating cost of one piglet at the end of rearing.Вивчались інтенсивність росту поросят, їх збереженість під час дорощування та оплата корму приростами тварин, які були поставлені на дорощування за проектної живої маси 7 кг та на 20 % меншою від проектної – 5,5 кг. Також вивчалось співідношення споживання комбікормів різних рецептур під час дорощування, їхня вартість та ефективність дорощування поросят за різної постановочної живої маси. Встановленно, що поросята, які мали на початок дорощування меншу на 1,58 кг вагу, при постановці на дорощування під час цього періоду виявили на 20,9 % нижчу енергію росту, за рахунок чого мали менші на 19,6 % абсолютні прирости за цей період, що спричинило разом з меншою постановочною масою на 20,3 % нижчу масу при переведенні на відгодівлю та гіршу на 8,8 % оплату корму приростами, вони спожили за час дорощування на 31,4 % більше дорогого першого престартерного корму, та на 11,9% менше дешевшого другого престартерного комбікорму і на 42,6% менше найбільш де шевшого стартерного комбікорму, в результаті чого вартість спожитих кормів тваринами дослідної групи виявилось на 10,6 % меншою порівняно з аналогами дослідної групи. Але враховуючи суттєво нижчий абсолютний приріст у тварин дослідної групи, кормова собівартість 1 кг приросту у них виявилась на 11,2 % вищою порівняно з аналогічним показником тварин, яких ставили на дорощування за проектної живої маси 7,0 кг. Водночас дорощування порсят за умов постановки їх на цей процес з проектною живою масою посприяло зменшенню на 11,2 % кормової собівартості одного кілограма приросту, підвищенню на 20,3 % вартості одного поросяти по завершенні дорощування та на 23,1 % доходу від його реалізації і на 1,07 % вищій рентабельності вирощування однієї голови, але спричинило вищу на 10,6 % кормову та операційну собівартість дорощування 1 голови та на 19,6 % операційну собівартість одного підсвинка на кінець дорощування

Examining immune arms in mice immunized with site-specific influenza virus mutants

Site-specific mutants as candidates for live influenza vaccines were resulted from directly introducing into the genome of the pathogenic influenza virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1) strain ts mutations derived from the genes encoding the polymerase complex proteins from some cold-adapted strains serving as attenuation donor. Here we present the data of a comparative study examining immune system arms in mice immunized intranasally with influenza virus mutants and classical cold-adapted reassortant obtained by crossing cold-adapted strain Donor A/Krasnodar/101/35/59 (H2N2) with strain A/WSN/33 (H1N1) bearing surface antigens (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) similar to mutants. Immunophenotyping mononuclear leukocytes from immunized mice indicated at moderate suppressive effect after using site-specific mutant and the HA reassortant viruses on some immune cell subsets. All viruses in immunized mice resulted in activation of certain lymphocyte subsets including MHC II-positive cells, CD45+/CD19+ B lymphocytes and natural killer cells (CD16/32+/CD3–). Timescale and magnitude of activation markedly differed for each cell subsets. Mice immunized with mutants M26 and U2 peaked with count of CD16/32+/CD3– expressing cells on day 2 after the second immunization compared with control (p < 0.05) that may suggest about an important role for NK cells in activating immune response. In contrast, no significant changes were observed during the study in percentage of CD4+/CD25+/Fox P3 regulatory T cells, CD4+ T helpers and CD8+ cytotoxic cells, except for a sharply decreased count of activated CD4+/CD25+ cells (4-fold) on day 7 after immunization with mutant virus M26. Moreover, mutants U2 and M26 more moderately increased percentage of TLR2- and TLR4-positive cells. The viruses studied ambiguously affected count of TLR9-expressing cells in immunized animals. All viruses increased phagocytic activity in monocytes, but not neutrophils. Despite the moderate activation of innate and adaptive immunity arms, site-specific mutants more profoundly affected humoral reactions inducing increased antibody titers, so that immunogenicity of mutant viruses was higher than that of the cold-adapted reassortant. Thus, the findings hold a promise of using site-specific mutants as live influenza vaccines