Identification of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose disease of coffee in Vietnam

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. acutatum, C. capsici and C. boninense associated with anthracnose disease on coffee (Coffea spp.) in Vietnam were identified based on morphology and DNA analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear rDNA and a portion of mitochondrial small subunit rRNA were concordant and allowed good separation of the taxa. We found several Colletotrichum isolates of unknown species and their taxonomic position remains unresolved. The majority of Vietnamese isolates belonged to C. gloeosporioides and they grouped together with the coffee berry disease (CBD) fungus, C. kahawae. However, C. kahawae could be distinguished from the Vietnamese C. gloeosporioides isolates based on ammonium tartrate utilization, growth rate and pathogenictity. C. gloeosporioides isolates were more pathogenic on detached green berries than isolates of the other species, i.e. C. acutatum, C capsici and C. boninense. Some of the C. gloeosporioides isolates produced slightly sunken lesion on green berries resembling CBD symptoms but it did not destroy the bean. We did not find any evidence of the presence of C. kahawae in Vietnam

The European Reference Genome Atlas: piloting a decentralised approach to equitable biodiversity genomics.

ABSTRACT: A global genome database of all of Earth’s species diversity could be a treasure trove of scientific discoveries. However, regardless of the major advances in genome sequencing technologies, only a tiny fraction of species have genomic information available. To contribute to a more complete planetary genomic database, scientists and institutions across the world have united under the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), which plans to sequence and assemble high-quality reference genomes for all ∼1.5 million recognized eukaryotic species through a stepwise phased approach. As the initiative transitions into Phase II, where 150,000 species are to be sequenced in just four years, worldwide participation in the project will be fundamental to success. As the European node of the EBP, the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) seeks to implement a new decentralised, accessible, equitable and inclusive model for producing high-quality reference genomes, which will inform EBP as it scales. To embark on this mission, ERGA launched a Pilot Project to establish a network across Europe to develop and test the first infrastructure of its kind for the coordinated and distributed reference genome production on 98 European eukaryotic species from sample providers across 33 European countries. Here we outline the process and challenges faced during the development of a pilot infrastructure for the production of reference genome resources, and explore the effectiveness of this approach in terms of high-quality reference genome production, considering also equity and inclusion. The outcomes and lessons learned during this pilot provide a solid foundation for ERGA while offering key learnings to other transnational and national genomic resource projects.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Caracterização morfológica e fisiológica de isolados de Colletotrichum sp. causadores de antracnose em solanáceas Morphological and physiological characterization of Colletotrichum sp. isolates from solanaceous crops

A antracnose é uma doença freqüente nas hortaliças solanáceas. O agente causal é reportado como o fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Neste trabalho caracterizou-se a morfologia e a fisiologia de Colletotrichum sp. obtidos de pimenta, pimentão e jiló. A caracterização morfológica se baseou no tamanho e forma dos conídios e na forma dos apressórios de 30 isolados. A caracterização fisiológica foi baseada no crescimento em diferentes temperaturas, utilização de diferentes fontes de carbono e sensibilidade ao fungicida benomyl. Quinze isolados foram cultivados em meio BDA, nas temperaturas de 10, 15, 20, 25, 28, e 30ºC. Trinta e dois isolados foram cultivados em meio mínimo acrescido de glicose, frutose, lactose, maltose, sacarose ou amido. Além disso, 43 isolados foram cultivados em meio BDA suplementado com 0, 1, 10 e 100 mig/mL de benomyl. Os isolados de jiló apresentaram menor sensibilidade ao benomyl e predominância de conídios fusiformes, com ápices afilados e menores dimensões, características semelhantes às citadas para C. acutatum. Os isolados de pimentão e pimenta apresentaram alta sensibilidade ao benomyl e predominância de conídios cilíndricos com ápices arredondados, características citadas para C. gloeosporioides. Apressórios de formato irregular, circular e ovalado foram observados independente do hospedeiro de origem do isolado. O amido foi a fonte de carbono que proporcionou maior desenvolvimento micelial para a maioria dos isolados. A temperatura ótima de desenvolvimento, para todos os isolados, foi próxima a 25ºC, exceto para um único isolado de pimenta, com maior desenvolvimento a 28ºC. A velocidade de crescimento micelial para todos os isolados, em todas as temperaturas testadas, foi semelhante à apresentada pelo isolado padrão de C. acutatum usado no teste. Os isolados de pimentão e pimenta foram os que mostraram maior variabilidade para as características estudadas. Finalmente, ficou demonstrado que C. acutatum também está associado à antracnose nessas solanáceas.<br>Anthracnose is a very frequent disease of solanaceous crops. The causal agent is reported as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In this work, Colletotrichum sp. isolates from hot pepper, sweet pepper and garden egg were characterized based on some of their morphological and physiological characteristics. Morphological characterization was based on the size and shape of conidia and the shape of the apressoria of 30 isolates. Physiological characterization was based on growth in different temperatures, use of different carbon sources and sensitivity to benomyl. Fifteen isolates were cultured on PDA under 10, 15, 20, 25, 28 and 30ºC. Use of carbon sources was achieved by culturing 32 isolates on minimal medium supplemented with glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose or starch. To establish benomyl sensitivity, 43 isolates were cultured on PDA supplemented with 0, 1, 10 and 100 mug/mL of the fungicide. Garden egg isolates were less sensitive to benomyl and showed mainly fusiform conidia, with acute ends, similar to C. acutatum. Isolates from hot pepper and sweet pepper were highly sensitive to benomyl and showed mainly cylindrical conidia, with round ends, similar to C. gloeosporioides. Irregular, clavate or circular apressoria were observed in all isolates. Starch was the carbon source that led to the greater mycelial development of most isolates. The optimal temperature for almost all isolates was near to 25ºC, except for an isolate from hot pepper, which developed better at 28ºC. The mycelial growth rates of all isolates, for all tested temperatures, were similar to those showed by C. acutatum used as reference. The isolates collected from sweet pepper and hot pepper showed the greatest variability among the studied characteristics. Finally, it was shown that C. acutatum is also associated to anthracnose in solanaceous crops

<title language="por">Amplification of the cap20 pathogenicity gene and genetic characterization using different markers molecular in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates

Studies were performed to analyze the genetic characterization using RFLP-ITS and Intron (primer EI1) markers and the amplification of the cap20 pathogenicity gene by PCR in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates of different hosts plant. The genetic variability was accessed using RFLP-ITS and Intron markers and grouping by UPGMA method. Primers to cap20 gene were constructed using selected sequences of the GenBank (National Center of Biotechnology Information, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) with the Primer 3 program. The dendrograms analysis showed that the RFLP-ITS marker was more informative to separate the Colletotrichum sp, and that primer EI1 demonstrated greater genetic diversity. The amplification of the DNA of the Colletotrichum isolates to the cap20 gene with primers P1 and P2 indicated that this gene could present variations into C. gloeosporioides related with the host, and also that it was present in other Colletotrichum sp.<br>Estudos foram realizados para analisar a caracterização genética usando marcadores de RFLP-ITS e ISSP e a amplicação do gene de patogenicidade cap20 por PCR em isolados de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides de diferentes hospedeiros. Primers para o gene cap20 foram construídos a partir de seqüências selecionadas do GenBank (National Center of Biotechnology Information, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) com o programa Primer 3. A análise dos dendrogramas revelou que o marcador RFLP-ITS foi mais informativo em separar as espécies de Colletotrichum, e que o primer EI1 evidenciou maior diversidade genética. A amplificação do DNA dos isolados de Colletotrichum para o gene cap20 com os primers P1 e P2 indicou que este gene pode apresentar variações dentro de C. gloeosporioides relacionada ao hospedeiro, e que também está presente em outras espécies de Colletotrichum