The development of the pharyngeal region in the dog

The morphogenesis of the pharyngeal region is believed to be involved in the occurrence of so-called "Branchial Cysts", a condition affecting human and canine adolescents of comparable age, and which is characterised by the appearance of cystic lesions on the lateral aspects of the upper portion of the neck. These lesions are usually small in the human, while in the dog, due to the presence of a hair coat, they remain undiscovered until they have become large and pendulous. It is generally believed that branchial cysts arise from remnants of the branchial apparatus which are induced to proliferate by certain hormonal combinations present in the young individual. Investigators (Bhaskar and Bernier, 1959)» who recently examined a large number of human lesions deny a purely branchiogenic origin however, and postulate that epithelial remnants of bronchial or, what is more likely, parotid origin, after becoming trapped in developing lymph nodes, produce this condition, which according to their view should be renamed "Benign Lymphoepithelial Cysts".Investigations into the etiology of branchial cysts in the dog, at present being carried out at the author's home university (Ontario Veterinary College, University of Toronto), became focused on the developmental processes of the pharyngeal region in that animal, because experience with the human condition suggested a developmental defect. 2 A search of the literature available to the author revealed that the development of the canine pharyngeal region was practically unknown, only some selected aspects such as the early development of the thyroid and parathyroids having been described by Godwin (193^S 1937 a) of the Kingsbury school. It was uncovered further that the developmental anatomy of the dog as a whole had scarcely been studied, which is surprising in view of this animal's importance to the veterinary surgeon and to the research worker.The present study, then, was undertaken in an attempt to close the obvious gap in our knowledge of canine embryogenesis, and to provide those interested in the etiology of branchial cysts with what might be considered a working basis for further clinical and embryological examinations. It was found necessary to survey the entire field of pharyngeal development, from the appearance of a foregut to conditions found at full term, since confinement of the field, even though it could have been explored to much greater depth, would have proved useful neither to those interested in canine embryology nor to those studying branchial cysts. The former would find that the large gap in the knowledge of this region still persisted and the latter would not be able to select the particular anatomical region or developmental stage which may interest them for further scrutiny.The lack of previous work on canine development and subsequent absence of known standards of developmental reference made it necessary to devote much space to the description and staging of the einbryological material prior to sectioning. The hulk of the thesis however is devoted to the description of the developmental processes observed in the pharyngeal region, and minor points worthy of short discussion are dealt with here, because it was thought that due to the wide field covered in this study a separate discussion would appear rather disjointed. Major anatomical areas however have been extracted from this section and are presented at the end in the form of REGIONAL REVIEWS

Cambial growth dynamics of plantation grown Swietenia macrophylla and Carapa guianensis.

bitstream/item/180963/1/ID-3837-11.pd

Individual-specific changes in the human gut microbiota after challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and subsequent ciprofloxacin treatment

Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Mark Stares, Richard Rance, and other members of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute’s 454 sequencing team for generating the 16S rRNA gene data. Lili Fox Vélez provided editorial support. Funding IA, JNP, and MP were partly supported by the NIH, grants R01-AI-100947 to MP, and R21-GM-107683 to Matthias Chung, subcontract to MP. JNP was partly supported by an NSF graduate fellowship number DGE750616. IA, JNP, BRL, OCS and MP were supported in part by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, award number 42917 to OCS. JP and AWW received core funding support from The Wellcome Trust (grant number 098051). AWW, and the Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, receive core funding support from the Scottish Government Rural and Environmental Science and Analysis Service (RESAS).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Children of prisoners: exploring the impact of families' reappraisal of the role and status of the imprisoned parent on children's coping strategies

Qualitative data from a larger study on the impact of parental imprisonment in four countries found that children of prisoners face fundamentally similar psychological and social challenges. The ways that children cope, however, are influenced by the interpretative frame adopted by the adults around them, and by how issues of parental imprisonment are talked about in their families. This article argues that families have to reappraise their view of the imprisoned parent and then decide on their policy for how to deal with this publicly. Their approach may be based on openness and honesty or may emphasise privacy and secrecy, or a combination of these. Children are likely to be influenced by their parents'/carers' views, although these may cause conflict for them. Where parents/carers retain a positive view of the imprisoned parent, children are likely to benefit; where parents/carers feel issues of shame and stigma acutely, this is likely to be transmitted to their children. This is important for social workers and practitioners involved in supporting prisoners' families and for parenting programmes

Strong-coupling effects in the relaxation dynamics of ultracold neutral plasmas

We describe a hybrid molecular dynamics approach for the description of ultracold neutral plasmas, based on an adiabatic treatment of the electron gas and a full molecular dynamics simulation of the ions, which allows us to follow the long-time evolution of the plasma including the effect of the strongly coupled ion motion. The plasma shows a rather complex relaxation behavior, connected with temporal as well as spatial oscillations of the ion temperature. Furthermore, additional laser cooling of the ions during the plasma evolution drastically modifies the expansion dynamics, so that crystallization of the ion component can occur in this nonequilibrium system, leading to lattice-like structures or even long-range order resulting in concentric shells

Temporal Evolution of the Migration-related Topics on Social Media?

This poster focuses on capturing the temporal evolution of migration-related topics on relevant tweets. It uses Dynamic Embedded Topic Model (DETM) as a learning algorithm to perform a quantitative and qualitative analysis of these emerging topics. TweetsKB is extended with the extracted Twitter dataset along with the results of DETM which considers temporality. These results are then further analyzed and visualized. It reveals that the trajectories of the migration-related topics are in agreement with historical events

Molecular MR Imaging of Prostate Cancer

This review summarizes recent developments regarding molecular imaging markers for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of prostate cancer (PCa). Currently, the clinical standard includes MR imaging using unspecific gadolinium-based contrast agents. Specific molecular probes for the diagnosis of PCa could improve the molecular characterization of the tumor in a non-invasive examination. Furthermore, molecular probes could enable targeted therapies to suppress tumor growth or reduce the tumor size

In-medium modifications of the ππ\pi\pi interaction in photon-induced reactions

Differential cross sections of the reactions $(\gamma,\pi^\circ\pi^\circ)$ and $(\gamma,\pi^\circ\pi^++\pi^\circ\pi^-)$ have been measured for several nuclei ($^1$H,$^{12}$C, and $^{\rm nat}$Pb) at an incident-photon energy of $E_{\gamma}$=400-460 MeV at the tagged-photon facility at MAMI-B using the TAPS spectrometer. A significant nuclear-mass dependence of the $\pi\pi$ invariant-mass distribution is found in the $\pi^\circ\pi^\circ$ channel. This dependence is not observed in the $\pi^\circ\pi^{+/-}$ channel and is consistent with an in-medium modification of the $\pi\pi$ interaction in the $I$=$J$=0 channel. The data are compared to $\pi$-induced measurements and to calculations within a chiral-unitary approach

Neoliberalisation and 'lad cultures' in higher education

This paper links HE neoliberalisation and ‘lad cultures’, drawing on interviews and focus groups with women students. We argue that retro-sexist ‘laddish’ forms of masculine competitiveness and misogyny have been reshaped by neoliberal rationalities to become modes of consumerist sexualised audit. We also suggest that neoliberal frameworks scaffold an individualistic and adversarial culture among young people that interacts with perceived threats to men’s privilege and intensifies attempts to put women in their place through misogyny and sexual harassment. Furthermore, ‘lad cultures’, sexism and sexual harassment in higher education may be invisibilised by institutions to preserve marketability in a neoliberal context. In response, we ask if we might foster dialogue and partnership between feminist and anti-marketisation politics