5,913 research outputs found
Effective-Lagrangian approach to gamma gamma --> WW; II: Results and comparison with e+e- --> WW
We present a study of anomalous electroweak gauge-boson couplings which can
be measured in e+e- and gamma gamma collisions at a future linear collider like
ILC. We consider the gauge-boson sector of a locally SU(2) x U(1) invariant
effective Lagrangian with ten dimension-six operators added to the Lagrangian
of the Standard Model. These operators induce anomalous three- and
four-gauge-boson couplings and an anomalous gamma gamma H coupling. We
calculate the reachable sensitivity for the measurement of the anomalous
couplings in gamma gamma --> WW. We compare these results with the reachable
precision in the reaction e+e- --> WW on the one hand and with the bounds that
one can get from high-precision observables in Z decays on the other hand. We
show that one needs both the e+e- and the gamma gamma modes at an ILC to
constrain the largest possible number of anomalous couplings and that the
Giga-Z mode offers the best sensitivity for certain anomalous couplings.Comment: 25 pages, 1 figure, 7 tables, comments, references and a table added;
to appear in EPJ
Modeling Two Dimensional Magnetic Domain Patterns
Two-dimensional magnetic garnets exhibit complex and fascinating magnetic
domain structures, like stripes, labyrinths, cells and mixed states of stripes
and cells. These patterns do change in a reversible way when the intensity of
an externally applied magnetic field is varied. The main objective of this
contribution is to present the results of a model that yields a rich pattern
structure that closely resembles what is observed experimentally. Our model is
a generalized two-dimensional Ising-like spin-one Hamiltonian with long-range
interactions, which also incorporates anisotropy and Zeeman terms. The model is
studied numerically, by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Changing the model
parameters stripes, labyrinth and/or cellular domain structures are generated.
For a variety of cases we display the patterns, determine the average size of
the domains, the ordering transition temperature, specific heat, magnetic
susceptibility and hysteresis cycle. Finally, we examine the reversibility of
the pattern evolution under variations of the applied magnetic field. The
results we obtain are in good qualitative agreement with experiment.Comment: 8 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Stability and Symmetry Breaking in the General Two-Higgs-Doublet Model
A method is presented for the analysis of the scalar potential in the general
Two-Higgs-Doublet Model. This allows us to give the conditions for the
stability of the potential and for electroweak symmetry breaking in this model
in a very concise way. These results are then applied to two different Higgs
potentials in the literature, namely the MSSM and the Two-Higgs-Doublet
potential proposed by Gunion at al. All known results for these models follow
easily as special cases from the general results. In particular, in the
potential of Gunion et al. we can clarify some interesting aspects of the model
with the help of the proposed method.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures, extended version, typos corrected, references
adde
Feeding stations and shelters for quail on Missouri farms
"May, 1940""On most Missouri farms under normal conditions, there is enough food and cover during the summer and fall for more quail than are usually found there. One reason -- perhaps the most important reason -- why these additional quail are not there is the great reduction in the amount and quality of food and cover during the day."--First paragraph.Werner O. Nagel and Rudolf Bennit
When is a bottleneck a bottleneck?
Bottlenecks, i.e. local reductions of capacity, are one of the most relevant
scenarios of traffic systems. The asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP)
with a defect is a minimal model for such a bottleneck scenario. One crucial
question is "What is the critical strength of the defect that is required to
create global effects, i.e. traffic jams localized at the defect position".
Intuitively one would expect that already an arbitrarily small bottleneck
strength leads to global effects in the system, e.g. a reduction of the maximal
current. Therefore it came as a surprise when, based on computer simulations,
it was claimed that the reaction of the system depends in non-continuous way on
the defect strength and weak defects do not have a global influence on the
system. Here we reconcile intuition and simulations by showing that indeed the
critical defect strength is zero. We discuss the implications for the analysis
of empirical and numerical data.Comment: 8 pages, to appear in the proceedings of Traffic and Granular Flow
'1
Two-dimensional cellular automaton model of traffic flow with open boundaries
A two-dimensional cellular automaton model of traffic flow with open
boundaries are investigated by computer simulations. The outflow of cars from
the system and the average velocity are investigated. The time sequences of the
outflow and average velocity have flicker noises in a jamming phase. The low
density behavior are discussed with simple jam-free approximation.Comment: 14 pages, Phys. Rev. E in press, PostScript figures available at
ftp://hirose.ai.is.saga-u.ac.jp/pub/documents/papers/1996/2DTR/
OpenBoundaries/Figs.tar.g
Importance of the right ventricle in valvular heart disease
The importance of the right ventricle as a determinant of clinical symptoms, exercise capacity, peri-operative survival and postoperative outcome has been underestimated for a long time. Right ventricular ejection fraction has been used as a measure of right ventricular function but has been found to be dependent on loading conditions, ventricular interaction as well as on myocardial structure. Altered left ventricular function in patients with valvular disease influences right ventricular performance mainly by changes in afterload but also by ventricular interaction. Right ventricular function and regional wall motion can be determined with right ventricular angiography, radionuclide ventriculography, two-dimensional echocardiography or magnetic resonance imaging. However, the complex structure of the right ventricle and its pronounced translational movements render quantification difficult. True regional wall motion analysis is, however, possible with myocardial tagging based on magnetic resonance techniques. With this technique a baso-apical shear motion of the right ventricle was observed which was enhanced in patients with aortic stenosi
Subdiffusion and cage effect in a sheared granular material
We investigate experimentally the diffusion properties of a bidimensional
bidisperse dry granular material under quasistatic cyclic shear.The comparison
of these properties with results obtained both in computer simulations of hard
spheres systems and Lenard-Jones liquids and experiments on colloidal systems
near the glass transition demonstrates a strong analogy between the behaviour
of granular matter and these systems. More specifically, we study in detail the
cage dynamics responsible for the subdiffusion in the slow relaxation regime,
and obtain the values of relevant time and length scales.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PR
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