Adaptive Indexing of Documents Using Genetic Algorithms and Relevance Feedback

مقدمة: في هذه الورقة، تم البحث في مشكلة استرجاع الوثائق الصحيحة التي تحقق رغبات المستخدم. الهدف الرئيسي في أنظمة استرجاع المعلومات هو استرداد جميع الوثائق ذات الصلة فقط. طرق العمل: تم استخدام الخوارزمية الجينية لتحقيق هذا الهدف. أوصاف المستندات تم تكييفها وتغييرها باستخدام الخوارزمية الجينية، اعتمادًا على الأحكام التي اطلقها المستخدم (والتي تم جمعها والاحتفاظ بها) حول اهمية المستندات بالنسبة له. الخوارزمية الجينية هي أداة قوية تعتمد على مبادئ الداروينية وتقنيات التطور للبحث في فضاءات البحث المعقدة. يسهل استخدام الخوارزمية الجينية تكييف فهارس المستندات. تم تنفيذ ثلاثة طرق في الانتخاب: نمذجة عجلة الروليت ، ونمذجة عجلة الروليت مع النخبة والنمذجة الشاملة التصادفية. يتم حساب دالة الصلاحية باستخدام معامل Jaccard الذي يقيس التقارب بين الاستعلام وفهرس المستند. الاستنتاجات: توجد بين الكلمات المفتاحية المستخدمة لوصف محتوى الوثائق اعتماديات إحصائية. من الصعب استيعاب هذه الاعتماديات في نظام الاسترجاع. يمكن للخوارزمية الجينية أن تأخذ في الاعتبار هذه الاعتماديات أثناء عملها. وفقًا لنظرية المخطط وفرضية حجر البناء [10] ، يتم نشر المخططات الأكثر صلاحية من جيل إلى جيل ، حيث يتم أخذ عينات منها وإعادة تجميعها وتحويلها وإعادة تشكيلها لتشكيل سلاسل ذات صلاحية أعلى. هناك جانب آخر يمكن أن تقدمه الخوارزمية الجينية ، وهو الاعتماد على التغذية الراجعة المقدمة من مستخدمي نظام الاسترجاع لتكييف أوصاف المستندات، وإنتاج مجموعة جديدة من الأوصاف الأقرب إلى حاجات المستخدمين. تم استخدام ثلاثة انواع من الانتخاب المتناسب مع الصلاحية ، وهي نمذجة عجلة الروليت ، ونمذجة عجلة الروليت ذات النخبة ، والنمذجة الشاملة التصادفية. أظهرت النتائج تفوق النوع الثالث على الأول والثاني.Background: In this paper, the problem of retrieving the correct documents that satisfy the user's concerns is investigated. The main aim in information retrieval systems is to retrieve all and only relevant documents. Materials and Methods: The genetic algorithm is utilized to adapt and change the documents indexes, depending on relevance judgments collected from users. Genetic algorithm is a powerful tool that depends on the Darwinian principles and evolution techniques to search complex spaces. The use of genetic algorithm facilitates the adaptation of documents indexes. Sampling operation is performed using roulette wheel, roulette wheel with elitism and stochastic universal sampling. The fitness function is computed using Jaccard's coefficient that measure the closeness between query and document index. Results: The results show that the new descriptions are more efficient and closer to the population of users that use the information retrieval system. In addition, the stochastic universal sampling gave the best results. Conclusion: The keywords used to describe the content of documents have statistical dependencies among them. It is difficult to accommodate these dependencies in retrieval system. Genetic algorithm can consider these dependencies during its action. According to schema theorem and building block hypothesis [10], the fittest schemata are propagated from generation to generation, where they are sampled, recombined, mutated and resampled to form strings of potentially higher worth. Another aspect genetic algorithm can offer, is the reliance on the feedback provided by users of the retrieval system to adapt documents descriptions and selections variations were experimented with roulette sampling, with elitism, and with produce new set of descriptions closer to the population of users' needs. Three fitness proportionate selection variations are used, roulette wheel sampling, roulette wheel with elitism and  stochastic universal sampling. The results have indicated the superiority of the third over the first two.&nbsp

A Rare Case of Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome Presented to the Emergency Department as Facial Swelling

Introduction: Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS), also known as basal cell nevus syndrome, is a very rare autosomal dominant inherited disorder that is characterized by the development of numerous basal cell carcinoma. This article reports a case of GGS, emphasizing its clinical and radiographic manifestations. Case presentation: We report here the case of a 35-year-old man who visited the maxillofacial emergency department due to left facial swelling. According to his clinical and radiographic examination we diagnosed him with GGS with no family history. The patient has multiple odontogenic keratocysts, rib anomalies, calcifications of the falx cerebri, lower jaw prognathism, frontal bossing, macrocephaly, and thick eyebrows. Conclusion: A definitive diagnosis of GGS should be made by a multidisciplinary team including a maxillofacial surgeon and medical specialists. Early diagnosis, treatment, and regular follow up are important to decrease complications, including oromaxillofacial deformation and destruction, and possible malignancy

A novel training simulator for portable ultrasound identification of incorrect newborn endotracheal tube placement – Observational diagnostic accuracy study protocol

Background: Endotracheal tube (ETT) placement is a critical procedure for newborns that are unable to breathe. Inadvertent esophageal intubation can lead to oxygen deprivation and consequent permanent neurological impairment. Current standard-of-care methods to confirm ETT placement in neonates (auscultation, colorimetric capnography, and chest x-ray) are time consuming or unreliable, especially in the stressful resuscitation environment. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) of the neck has recently emerged as a powerful tool for detecting esophageal ETTs. It is accurate and fast, and is also easy to learn and perform, especially on children.Methods: This will be an observational diagnostic accuracy study consisting of two phases and conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. In phase 1, neonatal health care providers that currently perform standard-of-care methods for ETT localization, regardless of experience in portable ultrasound, will undergo a two-hour training session. During this session, providers will learn to detect tracheal vs. esophageal ETTs using POCUS. The session will consist of a didactic component, hands-on training with a novel intubation ultrasound simulator, and practice with stable, ventilated newborns. At the end of the session, the providers will undergo an objective structured assessment of technical skills, as well as an evaluation of their ability to differentiate between tracheal and esophageal endotracheal tubes. In phase 2, newborns requiring intubation will be assessed for ETT location via POCUS, at the same time as standard-of-care methods. The initial 2 months of phase 2 will include a quality assurance component to ensure the POCUS accuracy of trained providers. The primary outcome of the study is to determine the accuracy of neck POCUS for ETT location when performed by neonatal providers with focused POCUS training, and the secondary outcome is to determine whether neck POCUS is faster than standard-of-care methods.Discussion: This study represents the first large investigation of the benefits of POCUS for ETT confirmation in the sickest newborns undergoing intubations for respiratory support

Are welders more at risk of respiratory infections? Findings from a cross-sectional survey and analysis of medical records in shipyard workers: the WELSHIP project

Background Exposure to welding fume increases the risk of pneumococcal infection; whether such susceptibility extends to other respiratory infections is unclear. We report findings from a survey and from medical consultation data for workers in a large shipyard in the Middle East. Methods Between January 2013 and December 2013, we collected cross-sectional information from 529 male workers variously exposed to welding fume. Adjusted ORs for respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, wheezing, shortness of breath and 'chest illness') were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. Subsequently, we examined consultation records from 2000 to 2011 for 15 954 workers who had 103 840 consultations for respiratory infections; the associations between respiratory infections and levels of welding exposure were estimated using a count regression model with a negative binomial distribution. Results 13% of surveyed workers reported respiratory symptoms with a higher prevalence in winter, particularly among welders. The adjusted OR in welders versus other manual labourers was 1.72 (95% CI 1.02 to 3.01) overall and 2.31 (1.05 to 5.10) in winter months; no effect was observed in summer. The risk of consultation for respiratory infections was higher in welders than in manual labourers, with an adjusted incidence rate ratio of 1.45 (1.59 to 1.83) overall, 1.47 (1.42 to 1.52) in winter and 1.33 (1.23 to 1.44) in summer (interaction, p<0.001). Conclusions The observation that respiratory symptoms and consultations for respiratory infection in welders are more common in winter may indicate an enhanced vulnerability to a broad range of infections. If confirmed, this would have important implications for the occupational healthcare of a very large, global workforce

Fingolimod and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in checkpoint-inhibitor treated cancer patients.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are emerging as the new standard of care for treating various metastatic cancers. It is known that effective anti-tumor immune responses are associated with a stronger presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in solid tumor tissue. Cancer patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) are often under continuous treatment with fingolimod, an immune-modulating drug that inhibits lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphatic organs. Little is known about the effect of fingolimod on ICI cancer therapy, as fingolimod may limit the number of TILs. Here we present three patients with RRMS, who developed various cancers during fingolimod treatment. Histology of all tumors consistently showed low numbers of TILs. A second biopsy taken from one of the tumors, a melanoma, revealed a significant increase of TILs after stopping fingolimod and starting pembrolizumab, indicating a surge in the number and re-invigoration of T cells. Our study suggests that fingolimod limits the number of TILs in solid tumors and may, thus, inhibit anti-cancer immune responses

Quality, effectiveness and outcome of blended learning in dental education during the COVID pandemic: Prospects of a post-pandemic implementation

Abstract: BackgroundBlended learning is growing in popularity particularly following the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic. One of the fields that the pandemic has substantially affected is dental education. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of the online dental education. Students’ perceptions and experiences of blended learning were also investigated. Methods: A 28-question online survey was designed to gauge students’ perceptions of the effect of blended learning on their academic performance. Results: 314 participants in preclinical and clinical years completed the questionnaire (223 females and 91 males). The majority of students (89%) believed that clinical and practical courses cannot be given by the internet. In terms of students’ opinion in the assessment process, more females (65.8%) preferred traditional exams than males (50.5%) (p < 0.05). Most clinical students (83%) preferred a combination of online and traditional teaching compared to 72% of preclinical students (p < 0.05). Clinical year students were more willing to communicate electronically with their classmates and instructors. The majority of dental students (65%) reported that future dental courses should be blended. Conclusions: In the pandemic era, blended learning, should become the preferred method of education whereby theoretical knowledge is delivered through online tutorials and clinical training is resumed on-site, to ensure competency of dental graduates while maintaining safety of the dental team. Current facilities and course designs should be improved in order to improve students’ experiences with blended learning

Performance evaluation of uplink shared channel for cooperative relay based narrow band internet of things network

– Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) is one of the fastest growing network techniques provides efficient communciations for smart cities, e-Health, industry 4.0 and other applications. LPWAN enables long-rang communcaitons for M2M and cellular IoT networks. Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT) is a type of LPWAN developed by 3GPP to connect a wide stream of IoT services and devices. NB-IoT systems rely on the mechanism of repeating the same signal every specified period of time in order to improve radio coverage better than it is in LTE systems. Repetition process is used to enhance the coverage of NB-IoT and for upgrade throughput as well. However, increasing the repetition of the signal significantly may give a negative result relative to the bandwidth limits. A cooperative relay (CoR) can be used beside repetition mechanism to helps reduce bandwidth stress. Moreover, the use of CoR for NB-IoT in physical uplink shared channel with repetitions will enhance the throughput. This paper will evaluate the performance of the CoR to enhance physical uplink shared channel in NB-IoT. The NB-IoT system model is simulated bu MATLAB to demonstrate the use of Cooperative relay (CoR) scheme in NPUSCH for NB-IoT for performance evaluation and comparison of using CoR scheme by considering metrics like data rate, throughput, and delay. The results conclude that in using CoR in NB-IoT gives high performance in overall NoT network throughput

Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) Lockdown on Mental Health and Well-Being in the United Arab Emirates

United Arab Emirates (UAE) has taken unprecedented precautionary measures including complete lockdowns against COVID-19 to control its spread and ensure the well-being of individuals. This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 and societal lockdown measures on the mental health of adults in the UAE. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an English and Arabic online questionnaire between May and June 2020. The psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the social and family support impact was evaluated using questions from the Perceived Support Scale (PSS). A total of 4,426 participants (3,325 females and 1,101 males) completed the questionnaire. The mean IES-R score was 28.0 ± 14.6, reflecting a mild stressful impact with 27.3% reporting severe psychological impact. Over 36% reported increased stress from work, home and financial matters. Also, 43–63% of the participants felt horrified, apprehensive or helpless due to COVID-19. Females, younger participants, part-timers, and college or University graduates were more likely to have a high IES-R score (p \u3c 0.05). The majority of participants reported receiving increased support from family members, paying more attention to their mental health, and spending more time to rest and relax. The results of this study demonstrate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among the UAE residents and highlight the need to adopt culturally appropriate interventions for the general population and vulnerable groups, such as females and younger adults

IKK phosphorylates Huntingtin and targets it for degradation by the proteasome and lysosome

Expansion of the polyglutamine repeat within the protein Huntingtin (Htt) causes Huntington's disease, a neurodegenerative disease associated with aging and the accumulation of mutant Htt in diseased neurons. Understanding the mechanisms that influence Htt cellular degradation may target treatments designed to activate mutant Htt clearance pathways. We find that Htt is phosphorylated by the inflammatory kinase IKK, enhancing its normal clearance by the proteasome and lysosome. Phosphorylation of Htt regulates additional post-translational modifications, including Htt ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and acetylation, and increases Htt nuclear localization, cleavage, and clearance mediated by lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A and Hsc70. We propose that IKK activates mutant Htt clearance until an age-related loss of proteasome/lysosome function promotes accumulation of toxic post-translationally modified mutant Htt. Thus, IKK activation may modulate mutant Htt neurotoxicity depending on the cell's ability to degrade the modified species