2,548 research outputs found
Current Standards in the Management of Cerebral Metastases
The last 30 years have seen major changes in attitude toward patients with cerebral metastases. This paper aims to outline the major landmarks in this transition and the therapeutic strategies currently used. The controversies surrounding control of brain disease are discussed, and two emerging management trends are reviewed: tumor bed radiosurgery and salvage radiation
The Effect of Thermal Fluctuations on Schulman Area Elasticity
We study the elastic properties of a two-dimensional fluctuating surface
whose area density is allowed to deviate from its optimal (Schulman) value. The
behavior of such a surface is determined by an interplay between the
area-dependent elastic energy, the curvature elasticity, and the entropy. We
identify three different elastic regimes depending on the ratio
between the projected (frame) and the saturated areas. We show that thermal
fluctuations modify the elastic energy of stretched surfaces (),
and dominate the elastic energy of compressed surfaces (). When
the elastic energy is not much affected by the fluctuations; the
frame area at which the surface tension vanishes becomes smaller than and
the area elasticity modulus increases.Comment: 12 pages, to appear in Euro. Phys. J.
Spitzer, Near-Infrared, and Submillimeter Imaging of the Relatively Sparse Young Cluster, Lynds 988e
We present {\it Spitzer} images of the relatively sparse, low luminosity
young cluster L988e, as well as complementary near-infrared (NIR) and
submillimeter images of the region. The cluster is asymmetric, with the western
region of the cluster embedded within the molecular cloud, and the slightly
less dense eastern region to the east of, and on the edge of, the molecular
cloud. With these data, as well as with extant H data of stars
primarily found in the eastern region of the cluster, and a molecular CO
gas emission map of the entire region, we investigate the distribution of
forming young stars with respect to the cloud material, concentrating
particularly on the differences and similarities between the exposed and
embedded regions of the cluster. We also compare star formation in this region
to that in denser, more luminous and more massive clusters already investigated
in our comprehensive multi-wavelength study of young clusters within 1 kpc of
the Sun.Comment: 21 pages, 6 tables, 13 figures. Full resolution figures at:
http://astro.pas.rochester.edu/~tom/Preprints/L988e.pd
An all-sky search algorithm for continuous gravitational waves from spinning neutron stars in binary systems
Rapidly spinning neutron stars with non-axisymmetric mass distributions are
expected to generate quasi-monochromatic continuous gravitational waves. While
many searches for unknown, isolated spinning neutron stars have been carried
out, there have been no previous searches for unknown sources in binary
systems. Since current search methods for unknown, isolated neutron stars are
already computationally limited, expanding the parameter space searched to
include binary systems is a formidable challenge. We present a new hierarchical
binary search method called TwoSpect, which exploits the periodic orbital
modulations of the continuous waves by searching for patterns in doubly
Fourier-transformed data. We will describe the TwoSpect search pipeline,
including its mitigation of detector noise variations and corrections for
Doppler frequency modulation caused by changing detector velocity. Tests on
Gaussian noise and on a set of simulated signals will be presented.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, Submitted to Classical and Quantum
Gravit
Depression rating scales in Parkinson's disease: critique and recommendations.
Depression is a common comorbid condition in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and a major contributor to poor quality of life and disability. However, depression can be difficult to assess in patients with PD due to overlapping symptoms and difficulties in the assessment of depression in cognitively impaired patients. As several rating scales have been used to assess depression in PD (dPD), the Movement Disorder Society commissioned a task force to assess their clinimetric properties and make clinical recommendations regarding their use. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the use of depression scales in PD and determine which scales should be selected for this review. The scales reviewed were the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Scale (Ham-D), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Montgomery-As-berg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part I, Cornell Scale for the Assessment of Depression in Dementia (CSDD), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Seven clinical researchers with clinical and research experience in the assessment of dPD were assigned to review the scales using a structured format. The most appropriate scale is dependent on the clinical or research goal. However, observer-rated scales are preferred if the study or clinical situation permits. For screening purposes, the HAM-D, BDI, HADS, MADRS, and GDS are valid in dPD. The CES-D and CSDD are alternative instruments that need validation in dPD. For measurement of severity of depressive symptoms, the Ham-D, MADRS, BDI, and SDS scales are recommended. Further studies are needed to validate the CSDD, which could be particularly useful for the assessment of severity of dPD in patients with comorbid dementia. To account for overlapping motor and nonmotor symptoms of depression, adjusted instrument cutoff scores may be needed for dPD, and scales to assess severity of motor symptoms (e.g., UPDRS) should also be included to help adjust for confounding factors. The HADS and the GDS include limited motor symptom assessment and may, therefore, be most useful in rating depression severity across a range of PD severity; however, these scales appear insensitive in severe depression. The complex and time-consuming task of developing a new scale to measure depression specifically for patients with PD is currently not warranted
Characteristics of pebble- and cobble-sized clasts along the Curiosity rover traverse from Bradbury Landing to Rocknest
We have assessed the characteristics of clasts along Curiosity's traverse to shed light on the processes important in the genesis, modification, and transportation of surface materials. Pebble- to cobble-sized clasts at Bradbury Landing, and subsequentl
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