Holocene Development and Permafrost History of the Usinsk Mire, Northeast European Russia

This study discusses Holocene vegetation succession, permafrost dynamics and peat accumulation in the Usinsk mire, located in the Pechora lowlands of Northeast European Russia. At present, the area is situated in the extreme northern taiga subzone near the southern limit of permafrost. Reconstructions are based on plant macrofossil analysis, physico-chemical analysis and AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating of two peat profiles investigated in detail. Additional information is available from seven other sites. Organic accumulation started at ca. 11 350 BP (14C yrs). Terrestrialization of ponds was the most common pathway for mire initiation. During a large part of their history, the sites have been Cyperaceae-dominated fens. A change into Sphagnum-dominated ecosystems is recorded at 3700-3000 BP. Permafrost became established around 2300 BP, although first signs of embryonic palsa formation can be tentatively traced back to about 2900 BP. Palsas and peat plateaus have experienced several periods of freezing and entire or partial thawing. The extant permafrost stages are young. The long-term carbon accumulation rate in the investigated sites is 19 g/m2/yr. The average rate of carbon accumulation in the dynamic permafrost stage is 23 g/m2/yr.Cette étude discute de la succession de la végétation, de la dynamique du pergélisol et de l'accumulation de la tourbe à l'Holocène dans la tourbière d'Usinsk, située dans les basses terres de Pechora, au nord-est de la Russie d’Europe. La région se trouve dans l'extrême nord de la taïga actuelle, près de la limite méridionale du pergélisol. Les reconstitutions sont fondées sur l'analyse macrofossile des plantes, l'analyse physico-chimique et les dates au radiocarbone déterminées par spectrométrie de masse à l’aide d’un accélérateur de particules (SMA) de deux profils de tourbe étudiés en détail. De l'information additionnelle provient de sept autres sites. L'accumulation de matière organique a commencé vers 11 350 BP (années 14C). L’accumulation de tourbe dans les étangs était alors le point de départ le plus habituel des tourbières. Pendant une grande partie de leur formation, ces sites ont été des marais dominés par les Cyperaceae. La transition vers des écosystèmes dominés par les Sphagnum est enregistrée entre 3700 et 3000 BP. Le pergélisol s'est établi vers 2300 BP, bien que des signes de formation embryonnaire de palses soient déjà observables vers 2900 BP. Les palses ont connu plusieurs épisodes de gel et de dégel complet ou partiel. Les couches de pergélisol actuellement observables sont d'origine récente. Le taux d'accumulation du carbone à long terme dans les sites étudiés est de 19 g/m2/an. Le taux moyen d'accumulation du pergélisol en phase active est de 23 g/m2/an.Изучены развитие растительности в голоцене, динамика вечной мерзлоты и аккумуляция торфа на Усинском болоте, которое находится на Печорской равнине Северо-Востока европейской Россий. В настоящее время район расположен в крайнесеверной тайге вближи южной границы вечной мерзлоты. Реконструкция основана на анализе растительных остатков, физико-химического анализа и радиоуглеродной датировки (AMS) двух подробно изученных профилей торфа. Также получена информация из семи других точек. Органическая аккумуляция началась примерно в 11 350 BP (14C годы). заболачивание как правило пройсходило путем зарастания озер. На протяжении большей части их развития в растительности изученных болотных участков преобладало семейство Cyperaceae. Изменение в преобладании Sphagnum отмечено в 3700-3000 BP. Вечная мерзлота сформировалась в 2300 BP, хотя первые признаки формации эмбрионального мерзлотного бугра можно проследить в 2900 BP. Мерзлотные бугры проходили многие периоды замерзания и полного или частичного таяния. Существующие в настоящее время мерзлотные фазы молодые. Долгосрочная скорость аккумуляции угля на изученных участках 19 гр/м2/г. Средняя скорость аккумуляции в динамичной фазе вечной мерзлоты 23 гр/м2/г

Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy of Prednisolone in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases with Different Dosage Methods

Aim: to investigate the clinical efficacy of two methods of oral dosing of prednisolone (in mg and mg/kg) for the induction of remission for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) using the technology of constructing and evaluating the effectiveness function (dose-effect relationship).Material and methods. In this study were included 86 patients aged from 18 to 65 years with moderate or severe active inflammatory bowel disease (61 — UC, 25 — CD). All patients were treated with prednisolone at an initial daily dose from 30 to 60 mg with a subsequent tapering of dose. The clinical response to treatment was evaluated at the time of complete withdrawal of prednisolone using the generally accepted criteria. Two efficiency functions were constructed, compared and analyzed: the first — at the initial dosage of prednisolone in mg and the second calculating the dose in mg/kg of patient weight. The patients' body weight ranged from 41 to 98 kg. The “dose-effect” relationship for prednisolone was constructed with statistical transformation of the baseline clinical data and a quantitative expression of the actual doses and alternative responses into a graph of the effectiveness function. The mean value at each point was estimated based on the regression kernel scoring method.Results. Two graphs of the “dose-effect” of prednisolone in mg and mg/kg of patient weight were constructed. The optimal clinically effective dose (OCED) when calculated in mg/kg of weight was 0.70 ± 0.01 (0.68 + 0.72) mg/kg with the corresponding effect 79.25 ± 6.26 (66.62 91.88) %. When two graphs in mg and mg / kg of weight were superimposed, it is shown that when an initial dose of 40 mg is prescribed without taking into account the patient's weight, the effect of therapy will be 25 % lower. Prescribing a dose of 60 mg per day without weight will be optimal for patients with a body weight of 85-90 kg. With a lower body weight, the clinical effect will not decrease, but the likelihood of recognized side effects of prednisolone should be expected in proportion to the decrease in body weight.Conclusion. The clinical efficacy of two methods of prednisolone dosing (mg and mg/kg) for patients with IBD during the first induction course was compared.Using a new technology for constructing and evaluating the effectiveness function (dose-effect relationship) allowed us to prove a reliable relationship between the body weight of patients with the clinical effect of prednisolone in patients with UC and CD. Based on the analysis of the dose-effect relationship, the optimal clinically effective dose of prednisolone for patients with UC and CD during the first induction course was established, equal to 0.70 mg/kg, which can be recommended for use in clinical practice for calculating individual doses

Dynamics of Cognitive Functions in Patients With Parasellar Meningiomas Undergoing Radiotherapy

This study was focused on neuropsychological analysis of the cognitive functions in patients with parasellar meningiomas undergoing radiation therapy. In these patients, the unilateral hippocampus adjacent to the tumor was partially exposed to irradiation. A novel approach was used to assess particular memory functionsincluding pattern separation, in subpopulations of subjects prior to the course of radiotherapy, immediately after the course, and 1–2 years after therapy. Our results show a tendency for pattern separation decline in the long-term follow-up. A possible association of these disorders with the effect of the hippocampal region irradiation and inhibition of adult neurogenesis is discussed. Keywords: cognitive functions, radiation therapy, hippocampus, parasellar meningioma, pattern separation, adult neurogenesi

INFLUENCE OF OXYGENATOR EXTRACORPORAL CIRCUIT TREATMENT WITH ADAPTATION COMPOSITION (AdC) ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF ERYTHROCYTES.

Summary. The study highlights a method of treatment extracorporeal circuit with «adaptation composition» (AdC) for the reduction of negative impact on state of erythrocytes. Materials and methods. A total of 90 patients were enrolled, they were divided into two groups. The group 1 (45 patients, 39/6 male/female) included patients who underwent surgical procedures without treatment of an extracorporeal circuit with AdC. The group 2 (45 patients, 39/6 male/female) included patients who underwent surgery with the treatment of an extracorporeal circuit with AdC. According to the study protocol, patient blood was sampling for complete blood cell count (CBC) and erythrocyte morphology at 4 stages of surgery: before surgery, at 10 min. CPB-time, at 60 min. CPB-time and after separation from CPB. Results. The albumin of AdC creates a protective nanolayer on the surface of the oxygenator membrane and tubes. There were no statistically significant differences of parameters in the groups before CPB. Level of Ht 2 (group 2) at 60 min CPB-time and after CPB, were lower than Ht 1 (group 1) (p=0.021 and p=0.035 correspondingly) because MCV1 was higher (р=0.025 and p<0.0001 correspondingly). The increase MCHC in groups at 10 min. CPB-time relatives with the decrease in MCV at 10 min CPB-time. At 60 min, there are changes of RDWa2 76.05 ± 5.46 and RDWa1 72.35 ± 7.26, p<0.000. After CPB higher content of reticulocytes (р <0.0001), echinocytes (р <0.0001) and spherocytes (р <0.0001) is observed in group 1. The lowering of mechanical resistance (р = 0.04) and increasing membrane permeability for urea were in group 1. After CPB the best aсid hemolysis resistance was in group 2 (р = 0.05), erythrocytes were more resistant to hypoosmotic factor (р = 0.01) in group 2. Conclusion. The treatment of oxygenator with AdC reduces the negative influence СРВ on state of RBC. Membranes of erythrocytes were more resistant to traumatic factors in the group with AdC.В роботі висвітлюється метод обробки экстракорпорального контура оксигенатора «адаптуючою композицією» (adaptation composition – AdC) для зменшення негативного впливу штучного кровообігу на стан еритроцитів. Матеріали і методи. В дослідження було включено 90 пациентов, які були розподілені на дві групи. Пацієнтам першої групи (45 хворих, 39/6 чол./жін.) оперативні втручання виконували без обробки контуру оксигенатору адаптуючою композицією (AdC). Оперативні втручання у пацієнтів другої групи (45 пацієнтів - 36/9 чол./жін.) проводились з обробкою AdC. Згідно протоколу дослідження, у пацієнтів набирали кров для загального аналізу крові та морфологічного дослідження еритроцитів на 4 етапах оперативного втручання: до початку операції, на 10 хв. ШК, на 60 хв. ШК та в кінці операції. Результати та їх обговорення. Альбумін в складі AdС створює наношар на поверхні магистралей та мембрани оксигенатора. Між групами до ШК не було статистично значущої різниці у показниках. Рівень Ht 2 (група 2) на 60 хв. ШК ти після ШК був нижче, ніж Ht 1 (група 1) (p=0,021 і p=0,035 відповідно) через зібльшення MCV 1 (р=0,025 і p <0,0001 відповідно). На 10 хв. ШК підвищення МСНС в групах пов'язано зі зниженням MCV на 10 хв. ШК. На 60 хв. від початку ШК відбувається зміна в RDWа2 76,05 ± 5,46 і RDWа1 72,35 ± 7,26, р <0,0001. Після ШК в групі 1 визначається більш високий вміст ретикулоцитів (р <0,0001), ехіноцитів (р <0,0001) і сфероцитів (р <0,0001). В групі 1 після ШК відбувається зниження механічної стійкості еритроцитів (р = 0,04) та підвищена проникність мембрани еритроцитів для сечовини. Після ШК більша резистентність еритроцитів до кислотного гемолізу була в групі 2 (р = 0,05), також в групі 2 еритроцити були більш стійкими до гіпоосмотичному фактору (р = 0,01). Висновки. Обробка оксигенатора адаптуючою композицією призводить до зменшення негативного впливу ШК на стан еритроцитів. Мембрани еритроцитів були більш резистентні до дії факторів що ушкоджують в групі з використанням AdC

Application of IT in the formation of sustainable reporting of business entities

The article deals with information technologies applied in the formation of sustainable reporting of business entites and provides a review of current information solutions and their development trends. Authors analyze the current situation in the field of non-financial reporting in the Russian Federation. To improve the competitiveness of companies and industries, strengthen the business reputation of organizations, authors proposed to develop a digital platform that is cabaple to create, publish, store of non-financial reports, go through the verification process.peer-reviewe

Epithets in Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel Never Let Me Go status and perspectives

The paper focuses on the analysis of the status of the epithet in the contemporary literary text of K. Ishiguro. The pertinence of the study stems from the fact that in Western linguistics, there is no tradition to consider the epithet as a distinct and independent stylistic means, and its main features have not been widely distinguished; in some cases, researchers endow the epithet with the function of the characters’ personality descriptio