Percepciones sobre violencia de género y su influencia en la salud de las familias del Centro de Salud Mariano Estrella. 2020-2021

ANTECEDENTES. La violencia de género –VG- causa morbilidad y mortalidad. La familia es determinante en la salud, sus relaciones de poder influyen en las causas, manifestaciones y consecuencias de las expresiones violentas. Existe poca investigación cualitativa sobre VG a nivel local y nacional. OBJETIVO. Conocer las percepciones sobre VG y su influencia en la salud de las familias del Centro de Salud Mariano Estrella, 2020 - 2021. METODOLOGÍA. Cualitativo fenomenológico con enfoque clínico individual y familiar; participaron nueve pacientes adultos del Centro de Salud Mariano Estrella de Cuenca. Categorías: contextualización biopsicosocial, características de la VG, factores de riesgo para experimentar y perpetrar agresión, influencia de la VG en la salud individual y familiar y, propuestas de prevención de VG. Método: el seguimiento clínico. Técnica: la entrevista clínica con enfoque individual y familiar. Instrumento: el investigador, con un formulario para evaluación de la salud familiar. Interpretación: paradigma interpretativo de la medicina familiar y comunitaria. Informe final: texto, tablas, gráficos, genogramas y fotografías. RESULTADOS. El contexto influyó en las percepciones. Hubo varios factores de riesgo para experimentar VG, destacando: los métodos de crianza agresivos/maltrato infantil, la normalización de la violencia, el círculo de la VG y, la VG como pauta repetitiva a través de las generaciones. La VG influyó en la salud individual y familiar, a corto y largo plazo. Las propuestas de prevención fueron la comunicación y en el apoyo familiar e institucional. CONCLUSIONES: La VG influyó en la salud biopsicosocial de las familias; requiere de un abordaje integral.BACKGROUND. Gender violence –GV- causes morbidity and mortality. The family is decisive in health, its power relations influence the causes, manifestations and consequences of violent expressions. There is little qualitative research on GBV at the local and national levels. OBJECTIVE. To know the perceptions about GV and its influence on the health of the families of the Mariano Estrella Health Center, 2020 - 2021. METODOLOGY. Phenomenological qualitative with individual and family clinical approach; nine adult patients from the Centro de Salud Mariano Estrella in Cuenca participated. Categories: biopsychosocial contextualization, characteristics of GV, risk factors for experiencing and perpetrating aggression, influence of GV on individual and family health, and proposals for the prevention of GV. Method: clinical follow-up. Technique: the clinical interview with an individual and family approach. Instrument: the researcher, with a family health assessment form. Interpretation: interpretive paradigm of family and community medicine. Final report: text, tables, graphs, genograms and photographs. RESULTS. Context influenced perceptions. There were several risk factors for experiencing GV, highlighting: aggressive parenting methods/child abuse, normalization of violence, the circle of GV, and GV as a repetitive pattern through generations. GBV influenced individual and family health, in the short and long term. The prevention proposals were communication and family and institutional support. CONCLUSION. The GV influenced the biopsychosocial health of the families; requires a comprehensive approach.Especialista en Medicina Familiar y ComunitariaCuenc

A barley cysteine-protease inhibitor reduces teh performance of two aphid species in artificial diets and transgenic arabidopsis plants

Cystatins from plants have been implicated in plant defense towards insects, based on their role as inhibitors of heterologous cysteine-proteinases. We have previously characterized thirteen genes encoding cystatins (HvCPI-1 to HvCPI-13) from barley (Hordeum vulgare), but only HvCPI-1 C68 → G, a variant generated by direct-mutagenesis, has been tested against insects. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the whole gene family members of barley cystatins against two aphids, Myzus persicae and Acyrthosiphon pisum. All the cystatins, except HvCPI-7, HvCPI-10 and HvCPI-12, inhibited in vitro the activity of cathepsin L- and/or B-like proteinases, with HvCPI-6 being the most effective inhibitor for both aphid species. When administered in artificial diets, HvCPI-6 was toxic to A. pisum nymphs (LC50 = 150 μg/ml), whereas no significant mortality was observed on M. persicae nymphs up to 1000 μg/ml. The effects of HvCPI-6 ingestion on A. pisum were correlated with a decrease of cathepsin B- and L-like proteinase activities. In the case of M. persicae, there was an increase of these proteolytic activities, but also of the aminopeptidase-like activity, suggesting that this species is regulating both target and insensitive enzymes to overcome the effects of the cystatin. To further analyze the potential of barley cystatins as insecticidal proteins against aphids, Arabidopsis plants expressing HvCPI-6 were tested against M. persicae. For A. pisum, which does not feed on Arabidopsis, a combined diet-Vicia faba plant bioassay was performed. A significant delay in the development time to reach the adult stage was observed in both species. The present study demonstrates the potential of barley cystatins to interfere with the performance of two aphid specie

Andean cosmovision related to the use of medicinal plants, Sayausí - Cuenca 2016.

Pese a la urbanización de los últimos 20 años, en Sayausí aún se mantienen costumbres ancestrales andinas como el uso de plantas medicinales, recurso preventivo y terapéutico en salud. Objetivo: Conocer los principios de la cosmovisión andina y relacionarlos al manejo de las plantas medicinales en Sayausí. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo cualitativo de tipo narrativo con enfoque intercultural. Se investigó el uso de plantas medicinales bajo los postulados de la cosmovisión andina. Se entrevistó a cinco sabios de la medicina ancestral de la parroquia Sayausí durante los meses de julio y agosto de 2015. Fundamento teórico para el análisis de los datos: el diseño narrativo, generando conceptos e interpretaciones a partir de la información obtenida de los hombres y mujeres de sabiduría. Técnicas utilizadas: entrevistas. Instrumentos: formularios con preguntas abiertas, grabaciones y fotografías. Las entrevistas se redactaron utilizando citas, códigos y memos, procesadas con el programa Atlas ti versión 7. Las categorías principales fueron agrupadas según taxonomías; la información fue complementada con tablas y figuras. Resultados: Los sabios andinos explicaron con sus propias palabras los principios: relacionalidad, reciprocidad, correspondencia, complementariedad. En su racionalidad todo funcionaba como un proceso holístico, involucraba a todos los componentes del Universo. El sanar con montes se constituye en un verdadero ritual que aplica paradigmas y principios; las plantas armonizan el cuerpo-espíritu en unidad. Las plantas tuvieron tres funciones principales: sanación, alimentación y elemento sagrado. Las formas para clasificar las plantas fueron: género, forma, color, y estado térmico. La recolección de las plantas, su preparación y la administración fueron los tres momentos del proceso de curación. Conclusiones: Los sabios andinos de la parroquia Sayausí aplican los principios de la cosmovisión andina en la práctica de sanación con plantas medicinales como en las actividades de su diario vivir.Despite the urbanization of the last 20 years, Sayausí still maintains ancestral Andean customs such as the use of medicinal plants, a preventive and therapeutic resource in health. Objetive: To determinate the principles of the Andean worldview and relate them to the management of medicinal plants in Sayausí. Method: It is a qualitative descriptive study of a narrative type with an intercultural approach. The use of medical plants was investigated under the postulates of the Andean worldwide. Five wise men of the ancestral medicine of the Sayausí parish were interviewed during the months of July and August in 2015. The theoretical basis for the analysis of the data: the narrative design, generating concepts and interpretations from the information obtained from the wise men. The techniques used were interviews. The Instruments were forms with open questions, recordings and photographs. The interviews were written using citations, codes and memos, which were processed with the Atlas program. The main categories were grouped according to taxonomies; the information was complemented with tables and figures. Results: The Andean sages explained in their own words the principles: relationality, reciprocity, correspondence, and complementarity. In its rationality, everything worked as a holistic process, involving all the components of the universe. To heal with plants was a true ritual, including principles, plants, body and spirit. The plants had three main functions: healing, feeding and a sacred element. The ways to classify the plants were: gender, shape, color, and thermal state. The herb harvest, preparation and administration were the three stages of the healing process Conclusions: The Andean sages from Sayausí parish applied the principles of the Andean worldview both in practicing healing with medicinal plants and activities of their daily lives.Cuenc

Children living with HIV in Europe: do migrants have worse treatment outcomes?

International audienceTo assess the effect of migrant status on treatment outcomes among children living with HIV in Europe