The Manchester occulting mask imager (MOMI) - first results on the environment of P Cygni

The design and first use of the Manchester occulting mask imager (MOMI) is described. This device, when combined with the Cassegrain or Ritchey-Chretien foci of large telescopes, is dedicated to the imagery of faint line emission regions around bright central sources. Initial observations, with MOMI on the Nordic Optical telescope (NOT), of the V=4.8 mag P~Cygni environment, have revealed a $\geq$~5~arcmin long [NII] 6584A emitting filament projecting from the outer nebular shell of this luminous blue variable (LBV) star. The presence of a mono-polar lobe older than both the inner (22 arcsec diameter) and outer (1.6 arcmin diameter) shells is suggested.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted MNRAS 1998 June 1

Public health and landfill sites

Landfill management is a complex discipline, requiring very high levels of organisation, and considerable investment. Until the early 1990’s most Irish landfill sites were not managed to modern standards. Illegal landfill sites are, of course, usually not managed at all. Landfills are very active. The traditional idea of ‘put it in the ground and forget about it’ is entirely misleading. There is a lot of chemical and biological activity underground. This produces complex changes in the chemistry of the landfill, and of the emissions from the site. The main emissions of concern are landfill gases and contaminated water (which is known as leachate). Both of these emissions have complex and changing chemical compositions, and both depend critically on what has been put into the landfill. The gases spread mainly through the atmosphere, but also through the soil, while the leachate (the water) spreads through surface waters and the local groundwater. Essentially all unmanaged landfills will discharge large volumes of leachate into the local groundwater. In sites where the waste accepted has been properly regulated, and where no hazardous wastes are present, there is a lot known about the likely composition of this leachate and there is some knowledge of its likely biological and health effects. This is not the case for poorly regulated sites, where the composition of the waste accepted is unknown. It is possible to monitor the emissions from landfills, and to reduce some of the adverse health and environmental effects of these. These emissions, and hence the possible health effects, depend greatly on the content of the landfill, and on the details of the local geology and landscape. There is insufficient evidence to demonstrate a clear link between cancers and exposure to landfill, however, it is noted that there may be an association with adverse birth outcomes such as low birth weight and birth defects. It should be noted, however, that modern landfills, run in strict accordance with standard operation procedures, would have much less impact on the health of residents living in proximity to the site

London or New York: where and when does the gold price originate?

We investigate the Information Shares (ISs) of the two main centres of gold trading, over a 25-year period, using nonoverlapping 4-month windows. We find that neither London nor New York is dominant in terms of price IS, that the dominant market switches from time to time and that these switches do not appear to be very clearly linkable to macroeconomic or political events

Advances in Engineering the Fly Genome with the CRISPR-Cas System.

Drosophila has long been a premier model for the development and application of cutting-edge genetic approaches. The CRISPR-Cas system now adds the ability to manipulate the genome with ease and precision, providing a rich toolbox to interrogate relationships between genotype and phenotype, to delineate and visualize how the genome is organized, to illuminate and manipulate RNA, and to pioneer new gene drive technologies. Myriad transformative approaches have already originated from the CRISPR-Cas system, which will likely continue to spark the creation of tools with diverse applications. Here, we provide an overview of how CRISPR-Cas gene editing has revolutionized genetic analysis in Drosophila and highlight key areas for future advances

Suppression of SIV-specific CD4+ T cells by infant but not adult macaque regulatory T cells: implications for SIV disease progression.

The impact of regulatory T cells (T reg cells) on the course of HIV and SIV disease is unknown. T reg cells could suppress protective antiviral responses and accelerate disease progression. Alternatively, these cells might block T cell activation and thereby limit viral replication as well as activation-associated immunopathology. Given the higher frequency of T reg cells known to be present during human fetal ontogeny, such influences may be most important in the context of perinatal infection. We found that infant macaques had higher fractions of CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low)FoxP3(+) T reg cells in the peripheral blood and in lymphoid tissues, and that these T reg cells showed greater in vitro suppressive activity on a per cell basis. Infant and adult macaques were infected with SIVmac251 to test the influence of the T reg cell compartment on SIV-specific immune responses. After infection with SIV, most (three out of four) infant macaques had persistently high viral loads, weak and transient SIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses, and rapid disease progression. T reg cells in the infant but not in the adult directly suppressed SIV-specific CD4(+) T cell responses, which were detectable only after depletion of T reg cells. In the case of both the infant and the adult macaque, T reg cells were not able to directly suppress SIV-specific CD8(+) T cell responses and had no apparent effect on T cell activation. In aggregate, these observations suggest that the T reg cell compartment of the infant macaque facilitates rapid disease progression, at least in part by incapacitating SIV-specific CD4(+) T cell responses

Critical Temperature and Amplitude Ratios from a Finite-Temperature Renormalization Group

We study \l\f^4 theory using an environmentally friendly finite-temperature renormalization group. We derive flow equations, using a fiducial temperature as flow parameter, develop them perturbatively in an expansion free from ultraviolet and infrared divergences, then integrate them numerically from zero to temperatures above the critical temperature. The critical temperature, at which the mass vanishes, is obtained by integrating the flow equations and is determined as a function of the zero-temperature mass and coupling. We calculate the field expectation value and minimum of the effective potential as functions of temperature and derive some universal amplitude ratios which connect the broken and symmetric phases of the theory. The latter are found to be in good agreement with those of the three-dimensional Ising model obtained from high- and low-temperature series expansions.Comment: 14 pages of LaTeX. Postscript figures available upon request form [email protected]

The Specific Heat of a Ferromagnetic Film.

We analyze the specific heat for the $O(N)$ vector model on a $d$-dimensional film geometry of thickness $L$ using ``environmentally friendly'' renormalization. We consider periodic, Dirichlet and antiperiodic boundary conditions, deriving expressions for the specific heat and an effective specific heat exponent, \alpha\ef. In the case of $d=3$, for $N=1$, by matching to the exact exponent of the two dimensional Ising model we capture the crossover for \xi_L\ra\infty between power law behaviour in the limit {L\over\xi_L}\ra\infty and logarithmic behaviour in the limit {L\over\xi_L}\ra0 for fixed $L$, where $\xi_L$ is the correlation length in the transverse dimensions.Comment: 21 pages of Plain TeX. Postscript figures available upon request from [email protected]

Between time: given futures across Derrida and Deleuze

It is not common to find significance across the thought of Jacques Derrida and Gilles Deleuze although there have been moments where some have sought to locate such lines of flight. One such line has been located in the region of an ethical impulse in their affirmation towards a future. While both Derrida and Deleuze are resistant to the teaching of the history of philosophy, clearly their different trajectories can be rhetorically folded and revealed. These differences might be too quickly summed up as, on the Deleuzianhand, an innocent delight in doing philosophy afresh opposed to the Derridean cautionary one that discloses respect for the metaphysical legacy that has led to his reflexive awareness of his writing. Derrida himself even affirms this Deleuzian ‘innocence’ in philosophy as we hear in his 1995 eulogy to Deleuze: “Yes, we will have all loved philosophy, who can deny it? But, it is true—he said it—Deleuze was the one among all of this “generation” who did/made [faisait] it the most gaily, the most innocent” (Derrida 2001:193). This affirms Derrida’s respect of all philosophers worthy of carrying such a name and particularly in light of this eulogy titled “I’m going to have to Wander All Alone” which evokes ‘now’ the remarkable proximity he locates between his own work and that of Deleuze. This paper aims to draw both philosophers into proximity with respect to how each present a relation to time. Further, in doing so, the attempt will be to reveal how in their reconceptualisation of time, an ethics towards a future binds their thought. In this presentation, this ethico-political future is located in Deleuze’s concept of the event and the syntheses of time described in Difference and Repetition and Derrida’s concept of the gift and justice with respect to his notion of ‘time out of joint’ (Given Time: 1. Counterfeit Money, Specters of Marx) that leads to a beyond-representation of time. A critical question that underpins the between of Deleuzian and Derridean concepts of time is how far removed or beyond Martin Heidegger’s ecstatic temporality has either gone? It will be their different systems of language (poetics as such), including Heidegger’s, which will here come to provide critical grounds for approaching questions of proximity and ethics between affirmations of time and being-in-the-world

Report on the West Kent Clinical Commissioning Group's 'Six Steps End-of-Life Care Programme'

This report outlines the evaluation data of a commission by West Kent Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) to deliver the national 'Six Steps' end-of-life care programme to staff in a number of long-term care facilities in the Maidstone Area in 2013