ETHNOOCEANOGRAPHY DAN TITIK TEMU ASPEK SYAR’I DALAM PENENTUAN AWAL BULAN RAMADHAN DAN SYAWAL OLEH JOGURU KESULTANAN TIDORE

Ethnooceanography and the intersection of shar'i aspects to determination of the early of Ramadan and Shawwal by Joguru Sultanate of Tidore. The determination of the early of the new month of Ramadan and Shawwal was very important for Muslims because it is related to the time of worship. Judge syara 'The Sultanate of Tidore (Joguru) has long applied the method of determining the early month of Hijri (Ramadan and Shawwal) through tidal movement observed on "akebai" included in ethooceanography and called Joguru Method (MJ). Hilal that has never been seen in Tidore and its surrounding areas in the long-term cycle of moon (34 years) caused its early moon to be inapplicable due to non-fulfillment of the requirement of hisab (hadith). MJ makes observation (rukyat) change of tidal movement on "akebai" is "ijtihād". The appropriateness of the scientific aspects of ethnoocaenography and the intersection of the shar'i aspects make it a comparative method of determining the beginning of the new month of Hijri in astronomy (hilāl). Required the expansion of the meaning of the “hilāl” as an indicator of the beginning of the month of the Hijri calendar.[]Ethnooceanography dan titik temu aspek Syar’i dalam penentuan awal bulan Ramadhan dan Syawal oleh Joguru Kesultanan Tidore. Penentuan awal bulan baru Ramadhan dan Syawal sangat penting bagi umat Islam karena berkaitan dengan waktu ibadah. Hakim syara’ Kesultanan Tidore (Joguru) telah lama mengaplikasikan metode penentuan awal bulan baru Hijriah (Ramadhan dan Syawal) melalui pergerakan pasang surut yang terpantau pada “akebai” termasuk dalam ethooceanography dan disebut dengan Metode Joguru (MJ). Hilal yang tidak pernah terlihat di wilayah Tidore dan sekitarnya selama siklus jangka panjang (34 tahun) menyebabkan hisab awal bulan tidak dapat diaplikasikan akibat tidak terpenuhinya persyaratan hisab (hadis). MJ melakukan peng­amatan (rukyat) perubahan tinggi air pada “akebai” adalah “ijtihad”. Terdapat ke­sesuaian aspek sains dari ethnoocaenography serta titik temu aspek syar’i yang menjadikan MJ berpotensi sebagai metode utama sekaligus sebagai metode pem­banding dari metode umum dalam penentuan awal bulan baru Hijriah. Diperlukan perluasan makna kata “hilal” sebagai indikator awal bulan baru penanggalan Hijriah

TIDAL RANGE CALCULATION BASED ON THE LOCAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE SAMA ETHNIC GROUP IN THE EASTERN INDONESIA

The Sama ethnic group (Bajo) is well known as “Indonesian marine people” that dominantly spreaded in coastal region of eastern Indonesian region. Their activities have been adapting with the territorial water as shown in the determination of their home floor height to prevent from the tidal flood. The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of the tidal range calculation by local knowledge of the Sama ethnic group (Sama Ethnic Method, SEM). The analysis was done by comparing tidal range result calculated by the Sama Ethnic Method (SEM) with the standardized tidal harmonic constituents.  The result showed that the 2nd tidal peaks (DLB-s) in the 15th “Sya’ban” date was the best date to do measurement of a tidal range. In this case, the “Likkas Silapas” (LS) value at the above date was above the mean height water level (MHWL). Meanwhile, in other dates, the LS value was under MHWL value. The result also showed a strong correlation (R2> 90%) between rasio of tidal high on 1st and 2ndpeaks (DLB-s/DLB-m) on 15th Sya’ban date and LS-s value. The local knowledge of the Sama Ethnic Method to determine the tidal range was effective and scientifically proven. Keywords: the Sama Ethnic group, tidal range, Likkas Boe, Likkas Silapas, Sya’ba

ANALISIS PERUBAHAN GARIS PANTAI DI PANTAI BARAT DAYA PULAU TERNATE, PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA

 Penelitian ini tentang analisis perubahan garis pantai di pantai Barat Daya Pulau Ternate, Provinsi Maluku Utara. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis perubahan garis (abrasi dan sedimentasi) selama 11 tahun dari tahun 2001-2011. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh realitas di Pantai Barat  Daya Pulau Ternate yang telah mengalami abrasi dan sedimentasi sampai ke  pemukiman warga. Belum ada kajian yang komperhensif mengenai seberapa besar tingkat perubahan garis pantai yang terjadi, dan faktor-faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk transformasi gelombang dan perubahan garis pantai yang terjadi di Pantai Barat Daya Pulau Ternate. Analisis perubahan garis pantai dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua pendekatan yakni menggunakan model LITPACK MIKE DHI dan digitasi citra menggunakan citra landsat 7 ETM+.  Hasil analisis citra dijadikan sebagai pembanding untuk memvalidasi hasil keluaran model LITPACK MIKE DHI. Tumpang susun hasil analisis model dengan hasil analisis citra menunjukan pola kontur perubahan garis pantai yang sama. Berdasarkan hasil analisis model, menunjukan abrasi tertinggi terjadi di stasiun C (Pantai Sasa) sejauh 83.67 m dan sedimentasi terjadi di stasiun B sejauh 45.69 m, berdasarkan hasil analisis citra abrasi tertinggi terjadi di stasiun C sebesar 27.14 m dan sedimentasi terjadi di stasiun E sebesar 24.09 m. Besarnya abrasi dan sedimentasi dipengaruhi oleh aksi gelombang yang terjadi dan aktivitas penambangan pasir oleh masyarakat di pantai Barat Daya Pulau Ternat

Equation Compliance of Tidal Range Calculation of Sama Tribe Method (MSS) on Ratio of Harmonic Constituent Amplitudes at Bitung Station

Measured tidal high water is the total number of developing tidal constituent harmonic amplitudes when the measurement takes place. In tidal range determination, the Sama tribe has a simple way to do so. Objective of this study was to prove the equation of tidal range calculation of Sama tribe method (MSS) on its harmonic constituent amplitudes. The verification was undertaken by the difference and ratio approach of six harmonic constituent amplitudes of Sy

ETHNOOCEANOGRAPHY DAN TITIK TEMU ASPEK SYAR’I DALAM PENENTUAN AWAL BULAN RAMADHAN DAN SYAWAL OLEH JOGURU KESULTANAN TIDORE

Ethnooceanography and the intersection of shar'i aspects to determination of the early of Ramadan and Shawwal by Joguru Sultanate of Tidore. The determination of the early of the new month of Ramadan and Shawwal was very important for Muslims because it is related to the time of worship. Judge syara 'The Sultanate of Tidore (Joguru) has long applied the method of determining the early month of Hijri (Ramadan and Shawwal) through tidal movement observed on "akebai" included in ethooceanography and called Joguru Method (MJ). Hilal that has never been seen in Tidore and its surrounding areas in the long-term cycle of moon (34 years) caused its early moon to be inapplicable due to non-fulfillment of the requirement of hisab (hadith). MJ makes observation (rukyat) change of tidal movement on "akebai" is "ijtihād". The appropriateness of the scientific aspects of ethnoocaenography and the intersection of the shar'i aspects make it a comparative method of determining the beginning of the new month of Hijri in astronomy (hilāl). Required the expansion of the meaning of the “hilāl” as an indicator of the beginning of the month of the Hijri calendar.[]Ethnooceanography dan titik temu aspek Syar’i dalam penentuan awal bulan Ramadhan dan Syawal oleh Joguru Kesultanan Tidore. Penentuan awal bulan baru Ramadhan dan Syawal sangat penting bagi umat Islam karena berkaitan dengan waktu ibadah. Hakim syara’ Kesultanan Tidore (Joguru) telah lama mengaplikasikan metode penentuan awal bulan baru Hijriah (Ramadhan dan Syawal) melalui pergerakan pasang surut yang terpantau pada “akebai” termasuk dalam ethooceanography dan disebut dengan Metode Joguru (MJ). Hilal yang tidak pernah terlihat di wilayah Tidore dan sekitarnya selama siklus jangka panjang (34 tahun) menyebabkan hisab awal bulan tidak dapat diaplikasikan akibat tidak terpenuhinya persyaratan hisab (hadis). MJ melakukan peng­amatan (rukyat) perubahan tinggi air pada “akebai” adalah “ijtihad”. Terdapat ke­sesuaian aspek sains dari ethnoocaenography serta titik temu aspek syar’i yang menjadikan MJ berpotensi sebagai metode utama sekaligus sebagai metode pem­banding dari metode umum dalam penentuan awal bulan baru Hijriah. Diperlukan perluasan makna kata “hilal” sebagai indikator awal bulan baru penanggalan Hijriah

ETHNOOCEANOGRAPHY DAN TITIK TEMU ASPEK SYAR’I DALAM PENENTUAN AWAL BULAN RAMADHAN DAN SYAWAL OLEH JOGURU KESULTANAN TIDORE

Ethnooceanography and the intersection of shar'i aspects to determination of the early of Ramadan and Shawwal by Joguru Sultanate of Tidore. The determination of the early of the new month of Ramadan and Shawwal was very important for Muslims because it is related to the time of worship. Judge syara 'The Sultanate of Tidore (Joguru) has long applied the method of determining the early month of Hijri (Ramadan and Shawwal) through tidal movement observed on "akebai" included in ethooceanography and called Joguru Method (MJ). Hilal that has never been seen in Tidore and its surrounding areas in the long-term cycle of moon (34 years) caused its early moon to be inapplicable due to non-fulfillment of the requirement of hisab (hadith). MJ makes observation (rukyat) change of tidal movement on "akebai" is "ijtihād". The appropriateness of the scientific aspects of ethnoocaenography and the intersection of the shar'i aspects make it a comparative method of determining the beginning of the new month of Hijri in astronomy (hilāl). Required the expansion of the meaning of the “hilāl” as an indicator of the beginning of the month of the Hijri calendar. [] Ethnooceanography dan titik temu aspek Syar’i dalam penentuan awal bulan Ramadhan dan Syawal oleh Joguru Kesultanan Tidore. Penentuan awal bulan baru Ramadhan dan Syawal sangat penting bagi umat Islam karena berkaitan dengan waktu ibadah. Hakim syara’ Kesultanan Tidore (Joguru) telah lama mengaplikasikan metode penentuan awal bulan baru Hijriah (Ramadhan dan Syawal) melalui pergerakan pasang surut yang terpantau pada “akebai” termasuk dalam ethooceanography dan disebut dengan Metode Joguru (MJ). Hilal yang tidak pernah terlihat di wilayah Tidore dan sekitarnya selama siklus jangka panjang (34 tahun) menyebabkan hisab awal bulan tidak dapat diaplikasikan akibat tidak terpenuhinya persyaratan hisab (hadis). MJ melakukan peng­amatan (rukyat) perubahan tinggi air pada “akebai” adalah “ijtihad”. Terdapat ke­sesuaian aspek sains dari ethnoocaenography serta titik temu aspek syar’i yang menjadikan MJ berpotensi sebagai metode utama sekaligus sebagai metode pem­banding dari metode umum dalam penentuan awal bulan baru Hijriah. Diperlukan perluasan makna kata “hilal” sebagai indikator awal bulan baru penanggalan Hijriah

Variation of Tidal Range Based On Hijra Calendar And Its Relation With Ethno-Oceanography of The Sama Tribe In Eastern Indonesia

Based on Ethno–Oceanography of the Sama tribe in Eastern Indonesia, they measured and determined tidal range when Sya’ban taking place. Why do they do so? The questions and objective of this study were intended to respond the scientific fundamental of Ethno-Oceanography of the Sama tribe. In order to achieve the objective of this study, the tidal range value in each Hijra month was compared and analyzed statistically (ANOVA). Tidal Analysis results showed that the tidal range at Sya’ban was higher and the deviation was lower than the other months. Moreover, ANOVA results showed that Sya’ban was significantly different (P<0.05) on Highest High Water Level (HHWL) throughout Hijra month.   Keywords: Sama Tribe, Sya’ban, Hijra Calenda

DNA barcoding and morphometric of Rastrelliger Spp in North Maluku Sea. Indonesia

High exploration activity is feared to have an impact to mackerel populations. A sustainable management approach should be taken to provide information about the status of mackerel populations. Study of mackerel population status can be carried out through genetic information. The DNA of the fish samples were collected at traditional fish markets (Ternate, Morotai and Bacan, South Halmahera District). Laboratory works such as extraction, amplification, electrophoresis and DNA sequencing were analysis at the Indonesian Biodiversity Laboratory (BIONESIA). The molecular characteristics of Rastrelliger kanagurta were 374 base pairs (bp). The composition of nucleotides showed the similarity of frequencies between species. Phylogenetic relationship of R. kanagurta in North Maluku Sea suggested that there was any differentiation. The genetic diversity of R. kanagurta was high with a total number of haplotypes and diverse nucleotide diversity. The minimum spawning networks (MSN) found 5 haplotype networks from a total of 12 samples. Morphological measurements of standard length, head height, body width, pectoral fin length and tail were found to have variable values. The length of the weight of the fish is obtained of b = 3, indicating that the growth pattern was isometric or weight gain was equivalent to the growth of the fish length.Keywords : biodiversity, conservation, ecology, morphology, specie