Marine Invertebrate Inventory at Ai Limung Beach, Teluk Saleh, Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Saleh Bay, which is a semi-enclosed water body bordering the Flores Sea, is located in the northeast coastal region of Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara. This area has potential for the utilization of various natural resources such as fisheries, tourism, agriculture, and industry. Increased human activities and ongoing development around the coastal area of Teluk Saleh have put pressure on marine habitats, impacting ecosystem health and water quality. Invertebrate biota, as part of the kingdom Animalia, play an important role in ecosystems as environmental bioindicators and providers of significant ecological services. However, data on the presence and diversity of marine invertebrates in this area are still very limited. Therefore, this study was conducted at Ai Limung Beach, Pungkit Village, Sumbawa Regency, with the aim of identifying marine invertebrate species and evaluating their ecological and economic roles. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for stakeholders in managing marine resources in the Teluk Saleh area, supporting conservation efforts, and facilitating sustainable resource utilization policies

Pig Management and Biosecurity Measures against African Swine-Fever (ASF) Disease: After the outbreak in Lagos State

This study identified management and biosecurity measures taken against ASF disease before and after the outbreak. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) pig farmers from fifteen communities represented the sample population in Lagos State. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information from farmers, and the data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that about 34% of respondents experienced the disease outbreak for the first time, while 66% had previously witnessed an outbreak. However, only 53.3% of the total respondents had experienced an ASF outbreak within the last three years. Management-wise, the majority of farms (90.8%) practiced an intensive management system, while the remaining 9.2% practiced a semi-intensive system. Most farmers (69.7%) sourced their water from boreholes. For health and safety, 35.5% of farmers reported burying their waste. Thirty-eight percent (38%) of respondents claimed occasional use of veterinary services for their livestock. It can be deduced from this study that a lack of adequate knowledge and training on biosecurity, the indiscriminate purchase of stock without quarantining, and reliance on water sources other than boreholes predisposed farmers to the disease. In conclusion, farmers are encouraged to establish strict biosecurity protocols, consistently use veterinary services, and ensure appropriate waste disposal to prevent contracting and spreading the disease

Abundance, Morphometrics, Length-Weight Relationship, and Condition Factors of Lola Snails (Rochia Niloticus L) in the Waters of Sarang Island, Belakang Padang, Batam

Lola snails (Rochia niloticus) are biota that are widely consumed by coastal communities in Batam waters. Even though it is not a favored commodity, exploitation that does not consider sustainability can lead to population scarcity in nature. This research aims to collect comprehensive data regarding the abundance, morphometrics, and weight-length relationship of Lola snails in the waters of Sarang Island, Batam. Sampling was carried out at 3 locations, including Kajang, Piring, and Layang Islands. The Lola snail sampling method was carried out using purposive sampling. Water quality measurements are carried out in situ. Morphometric data were collected by measuring the body dimensions of Lola snails using digital calipers. Abundance was determined based on the number of individuals per unit area, and the length-weight relationship was analyzed using linear regression to determine growth patterns. The research results show that the condition of the aquatic environment still meets the environmental quality standards set by the Ministry of Environment No. 51 of 2004. The abundance of Lola snails was in range of 0.22- 0.97 ind/m2, and the highest was found on Kajang Island. The results of morphometric measurements showed that the highest shell length, weight, and shell width were observed in Lola snail samples from Kajang Island with values of 48.40 25.28 mm, 68.77 101.55 mg, and 44.42 23.28 mm. There is a relationship between the growth patterns of Lola snails caught at three stations which have negative allometric growth patterns, where Kajang Island, Piring Island, and Layang Island have negative allometric growth patterns (b3) with exponential values of 0.9685, 1.5121, and 2.5471, respectively. The value of relative weight condition factor (Wr) shows a value close to 100 on Kajang, Piring, and Layang Island, namely 102.753 and 104.812, 99.654, which indicates that Lola snails were in good condition during the research

Performance, Physiological and Blood Profile of Kalawad Bucks fed Brachiaria Ruziziensis or Panicum maximum

This study evaluated growth performance, physiological parameters and blood profile of crosses between Kalahari Red bucks and West African Dwarf does (KalaWAD) fed ruzi (Brachiaria ruziziensis) and/or guinea grass (Panicum maximum). Twelve (12) KalaWAD bucks were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments: Panicum maximum (PM), Brachiaria ruziziensis (BR) and 1:1 mixture of Panicum maximum and Brachiaria ruziziensis (PMBR) for 84 days. The data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance using a completely randomized design. Crude protein (p0.05) and ether extract (p0.05) were in the range from 5.68-7.35% and 0.82-1.11% respectively. Crude fibre (p0.05) and ash content (p0.05) were highest in PM with values of 37.75% and 11.38% respectively. PMBR had a dry matter content of 90.93% while the highest value of nitrogen free extract (55.19%) was observed in BR. PM recorded the highest weight gain of 2.75 kg and feed conversion ratio of 14.19. The daily weight gain of crosses fed PM, BR and PMBR were 49.11 gday-1 , 35.00 gday-1 and 34. gday-1 respectively. The feed conversion ratio was in the range between 14.19 and 20.64. Physiological parameters were significantly (p0.05) influenced with highest values in heart (88.121.02 beat/minutes) and pulse rate (72.280.61 beat/minutes) of bucks fed with PM while highest value of rectal temperature was observed to be 38.58oC in BR. Haematological parameters (p0.05) of the bucks fed with PM, BR and PMBR were within the normal range. Total bilirubin, Zinc and Sodium were significantly (p0.05) influenced by the diets. The study concluded that the experimental diets promoted growth rate, haematological and physiological parameters which resulted in healthy and better performance as observed in KalaWAD bucks fed with PM

Immunostimulant effect of Chaetomorpha sp in Tilapia infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

Chaetomorpha sp is a type of green marcoalgae that is rich in bioactive compound that function as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and can increase fish immunity. This study aims to determine the immunostimulating effect of Chaetomorpha sp macroalgae extract on the leukocyte profile of Tilapia infected with A. hydrophila. The experimental method used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four extract dose treatments (0, 25, 50, 75 mL/kg feed) and three replicates. The test fish used were 2.63 0.26g, reared in black tanks with a size of 60x30x30 cm, a volume of 80 L with a stocking density of 1 fish/4 L, and a recirculation system. Maintenance was carried out for 60 days with a frequency of feeding three times a day, namely 08.00 AM, 01.00 PM, and 05.00 PM, as much as 5% of body weight. The parameters observed were total leukocytes, leukocyte differentiation, and phagocytosis index. The results showed that the administration of Chaetomorpha sp extract significantly increased total leukocytes, lymphocyte differentiation, and phagocytosis index (p0.05). The dose of 50 mL/kg feed is the optimal dose that affects the leukocyte profile of Tilapia. T0 (without extract) experienced 100% mortality, while the treatment group showed increased resistance to infection. Bioactive compounds such as sulfated polysaccharides and flavonoids in Chaetomorpha sp are thought to play a role in stimulating the innate immune system. This study highlights the potential of Chaetomorpha sp as an alternative to antibiotics in sustainable tilapia aquaculture

Eco-morphological diversity of fish fauna in a tropical man-made lake, Southwestern Nigeria

Eco-morphological studies seek to understand the interconnection between the morphology of an organism and its ecology. It is the only way to determine if morphometric data can be used as an informative proxy for ecological variables of interest. This study, therefore, investigated fish diversity and its eco-morphological features for sustainable fish production in the Oyan Dam. The ichthyofauna of the Oyan Dam was surveyed from November 2021 to April 2022, and data on the abundance, diversity, and ecomorphological traits were obtained following standard procedures. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Bootstrap resampling, and Multivariate statistics. A total of 466 piscine specimens were sampled which belonged to seven orders, 13 families, and 26 species. Four families including Cichlidae, Mormyridae, Schilbeidae, and Ariidae were dominant and constituted 66.74% of the total catches. Margalef (3.50.02) and dominance (0.470.01) index values suggest that Oyan Dam is highly diverse with abundant fish species. The assemblage of fish species in Oyan Dam is ecomorphologically structured. However, the main ecomorphological traits verified in this study were compression index (CI), aspect of pectoral fin ratio (APFR), and caudal peduncle compression index (CPCI). These ecomorphological attributes indicated the relationship between the morphology of the species and their potential niches

Effectiveness of Green Feed and Tofu Dregs Mixture on Rectal Temperature, Heart Rate and Respiratory Frequency of Sheep

Sheep feed sources can be provided in the form of forage and tofu dregs, and the most important thing is feed that meets the needs of protein, carbohydrates, fat, and vitamins and minerals. This study aims to determine the effect of feeding between forage and tofu dregs on rectal temperature, respiratory rate and heart rate. This study was conducted from October to November 2024. The design used in this study was a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The results of the study can be concluded that the effect of providing different forage and tofu dregs showed no significant difference (P 0.05) on rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate of sheep. The highest average rectal temperature was seen in treatment D, which was 37.740C and the lowest average was in treatment B, which was 37.640C. The highest average heart rate was seen in treatment D, which was 64.84 times/minute and the lowest average was in treatment B, which was 58.04 times/minute. The highest average respiratory frequency was seen in treatment D, namely 71.93 times/minute and the lowest average was seen in treatment A, namely 66.49 times/minute

Substrate Complexity Drives Hermit Crab (Diogenidae) Diversity and Ecological Flexibility Across Sand, Rubble, and Coral Habitats in Tarahan Island, Indonesia

oai:jurnal.usk.ac.id:article/46497Research on the role of benthic substrates in shaping hermit crab communities along coastlines remains relatively limited, despite the important role this group plays in coastal benthic ecosystems. This study counducted in April 2025, aimed to examined the relationship between substrate characteristics sand, coral rubble, and coral reefs and the distribution and community structure of hermit crabs of the family Diogenidae along the northwestern coast of Tarahan Island, Indonesia. A total of 58 individuals consisting of 9 hermit crab species were identified across the three habitat types, with the highest species richness and abundance found in the rubble habitat, which exhibited high porosity and microhabitat heterogeneity. Community analysis using ANOSIMS showed R value of -0.002 and a p-value of 0.48 revealed an overlap in species composition among habitat types however, SIMPER analysis certain species such as Clibanarius striolatus consistently dominated habitats with high structural complexity, while others like Clibanarius signatus showed a specific preference for coral-sand habitats. This variation in habitat preference reflects a spectrum of ecological strategies, ranging from specialists to generalists, within the hermit crab community studied. The findings highlight the importance of substrate diversity and integrity in supporting the ecological flexibility, stability, and sustainability of hermit crab communities in dynamic coastal ecosystem

Organochlorine pesticide residues in water and Silver Catfish (Bagrus bajad Fabricius, 1775) from a tropical man-made lake, Northwestern, Nigeria

Organochloride pesticides remain widely used in Africa, despite their potential public health issues. This study assessed the organochloride pesticides (OCPs) residues in water and silver catfish from Ajiwa Reservoir. The concentrations of OCPs in water and fish samples were determined using GC analysis, while One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the means for each parameter among the selected stations (Kadaji, Gamji and Kundu waje). Significantly higher concentrations of Aldrin (2.660.44ngL-1), Diedrin (1.710.38ngL-1), Endrin aldehyde (2.310.22ngL-1), Endrin ketone (2.560.22ngL-1), beta-BHC (1.700.66ngL-1), gamma- BHC (0.850.30ngL-1) and delta- BHC (1.190.47ngL-1) were found in the gills of fish from Kadaji. Also, significantly higher Endosulfan (2.240.70 gL-1), Methoxychlor (2.630.95gL-1) and p,p'-DDE (1.770.34ngL-1) were found in the muscles of fish from Gamji. In contrast, Diedrin (2.1110.59ngL-1) and Endrin aldehyde (3.840.86ngL-1) were significantly higher in the fish muscles from Kadaji. The OCPs in the water were not significantly different among the stations except Alpha-BHC (1.500.63 ngL-1). The study revealed the presence of various organochlorine pesticides in the fish tissues and the water, indicating a possible bioaccumulation in the fish. Although all the organochlorines were not above the safety level, however, it is not impossible that this might lead to possible health issues in the futur

The Effect of Different Pure Natural Honey On Betta Fish Seed Production (Betta splendens) Male

Only around 40% of male betta fish are typically produced under normal conditions. Honey, a natural substance containing potassium and flavonoids, has the potential to alter fish sexuality from female to male. Potassium plays a key role in regulating testosterone and supporting androgen function, which promotes male characteristics in fish. This study aimed to identify the type of pure natural honey that most effectively increases the production of male betta fish fry. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used, consisting of four treatments with three replications each. The treatments were: (1) control (no honey soaking), (2) soaking eggs in Forest honey solution at a dose of 5 mL/L, (3) soaking eggs in Multiflora honey solution at 5 mL/L, and (4) soaking eggs in Randu honey solution at 5 mL/L. Sex identification was carried out at 60 days through morphological observation of the urogenital organs, and confirmed at 70 days using gonad histology with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The results showed that the highest percentage of males was obtained in Treatment 3 (Multiflora honey), at 59.59% 1.65, while the lowest was in the control group (Treatment 1) at 43.30% 1.70. The survival rate differed significantly among treatments, ranging from 40.00% to 66.67%, and the hatching rate ranged from 70% to 90%. Water quality parameters including temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) remained within the optimal range for betta fish maintenance throughout the study. In conclusion, Multiflora honey was the most effective in increasing the production of male betta fish fry