ANN modelling of agarwood oil significant chemical compounds for quality discrimination / Nurlaila Ismail

This thesis presents a new ANN modelling in discriminating agarwood oil quality using selected significant chemical compounds of the oil. In order to accomplish the work, the analyses have been carried out in two categories. The first category is the abundances pattern of odor chemical compounds observation and investigation. The extraction of odor chemical compounds is done by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME). In this work two types of SPME fibers were used; divinylbenzenec a r b o x e n - p o l y d i m e t h y l s i l o x a n e ( D V B - C A R - P D M S ) and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) to analyze the odor compounds under three different sampling temperature conditions; 40˚C, 60˚C and 80˚C. A consistent abundances pattern of five significant odor chemical compounds as highlighted by Z-score were revealed. The compounds are 10-epi-ϒ-eudesmol, aromadendrane,β-agarofuran, α-agarofuran and ϒ-eudesmol. These odor chemical compounds are important as they contributed to the odor of high quality agarwood oils. Then the second category was performed by the extraction of the agarwood oil chemical compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The identified compounds from SPME were used as marker compounds for agarwood oil quality discrimination using GC-MS data

ANN modelling of agarwood oil significant chemical compounds for quality discrimination / Nurlaila Ismail

This thesis presents a new ANN modelling in discriminating agarwood oil quality using selected significant chemical compounds of the oil. In order to accomplish the work, the analyses have been carried out in two categories. The first category is the abundances pattern of odor chemical compounds observation and investigation. The extraction of odor chemical compounds is done by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME). In this work two types of SPME fibers were used; divinylbenzene-carboxenpolydimethylsiloxane( DVB-CAR-PDMS) and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) to analyze the odor compounds under three different sampling temperature conditions; 40°C, 60°C and 80°C. A consistent abundances pattern of five significant odor chemical compounds as highlighted by Z-score were revealed. The compounds are 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, aromadendrane, β-agarofiiran, α-agarofuran and T-eudesmol. These odor chemical compounds are important as they contributed to the odor of high quality agarwood oils. Then the second category was performed by the extraction of the agarwood oil chemical compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The identified compounds from SPME were used as marker compounds for agarwood oil quality discrimination using GC-MS data. In this category, Z-score highlightedseven significant chemical compounds; β-agarofuran, α-agarofuran, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, γ-eudesmol, longifolol, hexadecanol and eudesmol. Their abundances has been used as input to k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) and artificial neural network (ANN) applications. In this study, all the agarwood oil samples were obtained from two institution; Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) and Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP). The experiments were carried out using k-NN and ANN modeling. The study showed that the k-NN classification accuracy is within 81-86% for k=1 to k=5 and 100% accuracy for the classification of ANN modeling

Analysis of GC-FID and GC-MS Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation Extraction (MAHD) of Agarwood Chips

This paper presents an analysis of GC-FID and GC-MS microwave-assisted hydrodistillation extraction (MAHD) of agarwood chips. The work involves of agarwood chips sample preparation starting from drying to soaking process, extraction method using MAHD and compound analysis using GC-FID and GC-MS for compounds identification. During the extraction time, four hours were varied; 2-hours, 3-hours, 4-hours The result showed that the agarwood chips in this study, extracted by MAHD are made up of three major groups; oxygenated sesquiterpenes, monoterpene hydrocarbons, and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Not limited to that, the study also adds to the understanding of the variation of the chemical compounds in agarwood especially those contributed to the fragrance of its oil

Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Agama Islam dalam Pembentukan Budaya Beragama Siswa

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses internalisasi nilai-nilai agama Islam, peran yang dimainkan oleh pemangku kepentingan internal dan eksternal dalam proses internalisasi nilai-nilai agama Islam, dan menganalisis proses internalisasi nilai-nilai agama Islam di Pondok Pesantren Sabilul Muhtadin terhadap budaya beragama para santri. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis dan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Setelah data dikumpulkan kemudian di analisis menggunakan teknik analisis data Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang menemukan bahwa 1) dalam proses internalisasi nilai-nilai agama Islam di Pondok Pesantren Sabilul Muhtadin yaitu dilakukan dengan secara perlahan dan melalui beberapa tahapan yang terjadi yaitu tahap tranformasi nilai, tahap transaksi nilai, dan tahap transinternalisasi. 2) Peran yang dimainkan oleh pemangku kepentingan internal dan eksternal dalam proses internalisasi nilai-nilai agama Islam di Pondok Pesantren Sabilul Muhtadin yaitu dari pihak Internal ada pendiri Pondok Pesantren Sabiul Muhtadin, pimpinan Pondok Pesantren, Kepala Madrasah Diniyah, Kepala Madrasah Aliyah, dan Kepala Madrasah Tsanawiyah, serta para tenaga pendidik dan dewan guru, kesemuanya memiliki peran masing-masing dengan tujuan yang sama mensyiarkan Ilmu Agama Islam. Sedangkan dari pihak eksternal yaitu pemerintah (kemenag kabupaten), dinas kesehatan Kabuputen, masyarakat di desa Langkan yang selalu mendukung adanya Pondok Pesantren, ada juga dari Erlangga (MTs) dan Bumi Aksarah (MA) sebagai perusahaan penyedia buku pelajaran baik pelajaran agama maupun pelajaran umum. 3) Proses internalisasi nilai-nilai agama Islam di Pondok Pesantren Sabilul Muhtadin berdampak positif terhadap budaya beragama para santri yaitu memberikan implikasi atau dampak yang sangat positif kepada siswa perubahan yang di rasakan oleh guru seperti perubahan pada tingkah laku mereka menjadi lebih hormat dan santun kepada guru, senyum menyapa dan menjabat tangan ketika bertemu guru. &nbsp

Pengaruh CAR, BOPO, FDR Dan NPF Terhadap Tingkat Bagi Hasil Mudharabah Dimediasi ROA Di Bank Umum Syariah Indonesia

Funding products at Islamic Banks can be in the form of demand deposits, savings and time deposits. One of the most popular fund products is mudharabah deposits. The most popular sharia banking product is mudharabah deposits. Mudharabah as a fund collector that provides the largest proportion of total DPK and is not bound by third parties because the withdrawal will be made at a certain time. Mudharabah contract as a collection of funds that provides the largest proportion of the total DPK of Islamic banks. Mudharabah is also an investment product that is not bound by a third party because the withdrawal will be made at a certain time. This study wants to test whether the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operating expenses to operating income (BOPO), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) and Non-Performing Financing (NPF) have a direct and indirect effect on mudharabah at Indonesian Sharia Commercial Banks in 2017 - 2021. The type in this research is quantitative research with the method. In this study, a documentation study was used using path analysis. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) has a direct effect on mudharabah, Operating expenses on operating income (BOPO) has an effect on mudharabah, Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) has no effect on mudharabah, Non Performing Financing (NPF) has no effect on mudharabah , indirectly the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) has an effect on mudharabah mediated through ROA, BOPO has an effect on mudharabah through mediated Return On Assets (ROA), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) has no effect on mudharabah mediated through Return On Assets (ROA) , Non Performing Financing (NPF) has no effect on mudharabah mediated through Return On Assets (ROA)

Pre-dispersive near-infrared light sensing in non-destructively classifying the brix of intact pineapples

Exported fresh intact pineapples must fulfill the minimum internal quality requirement of 12 degree brix. Even though near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic approaches are promising to non-destructively and rapidly assess the internal quality of intact pineapples, these approaches involve expensive and complex NIR spectroscopic instrumentation. Thus, this research evaluates the performance of a proposed pre-dispersive NIR light sensing approach in non-destructively classifying the Brix of pineapples using K-fold cross-validation, holdout validation, and sensitive analysis. First, the proposed pre-dispersive NIR sensing device that consisted of a light sensing element and five NIR light emitting diodes with peak wavelengths of 780, 850, 870, 910, and 940 nm, respectively, was developed. After that, the diffuse reflectance NIR light of intact pineapples was non-destructively acquired using the developed NIR sensing device before their Brix values were conventionally measured using a digital refractometer. Next, an artificial neural network (ANN) was trained and optimized to classify the Brix values of pineapples using the acquired NIR light. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that either one wavelength that was near to the water absorbance or chlorophyll band was redundant in the classification. The performance of the trained ANN was tested using new pineapples with the optimal classification accuracy of 80.56%. This indicates that the proposed predispersive NIR light sensing approach coupled with the ANN is promising to be an alternative to non-destructively classifying the internal quality of fruits

Job Stress Level as Perceived by Staffs in the Government Sector Case Study: MARA Kuching, Sarawak

Stress is a reaction to excessive pressure or harassment at work.  It is a physical, mental, or emotional response to events that cause bodily or mental tension.  People in stress conditions may find it is hard to concentrate on any task and cannot be relied on to do their share.  Some employers assume that stressful working conditions turns up the pressure on workers.  A set aside health concerns; it will affect the productivity and profitability in today’s economy.  This paper purposely to identify the level of job stress among government staffs.  This study was carried out using a set of questionnaire and survey method.  The questionnaire was distributed to 150 staffs of Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) Kuching as representative of government sector and was analysed using SPSS version 19.  The study had shown that most of the respondents were moderately stressful.  It is very important that the organisations understands the needs of its employees and provide what is best for the employees

Modeling of agarwood oil compounds based on linear regression and ANN for oil quality classification

Agarwood oil is in increasing demand in Malaysia throughout the world for use in incense, traditional medicine, and perfumes. However, there is still no standardized grading method for agarwood oil. It is vital to grade agarwood oil into high and low quality so that both qualities can be properly differentiated. In the present study, data were obtained from the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Selangor Malaysia and Bioaromatic Research Centre of Excellence (BARCE), Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP). The work involves the data from a previous researcher. As a part of on-going research, the stepwise linear regression and multilayer perceptron have been proposed for grading agarwood oil. The output features of the stepwise regression were the input features for modeling agarwood oil in a multilayer perceptron (MLP) network. A three layer MLP with 10 hidden neurons was used with three different training algorithms, namely resilient backpropagation (RBP), levenberg marquardt (LM) and scaled-conjugate gradient (SCG). All analytical work was performed using MATLAB software version R2017a. It was found that one hidden neuron in LM algorithm performed the most accurate result in the classification of agarwood oil with the lowest mean squared error (MSE) as compared to SCG and RBP algorithms. The findings in this research will be a benefit for future works of agarwood oil research areas, especially in terms of oil quality classification

Observation on SPME different headspace fiber coupled with GC-MS in extracting high quality agarwood chipwood

Agarwood is well known as one of the expensive woods in the world. It has a unique scent which brings it to have wide usages especially in perfumery ingredient, as incense, in traditional medical preparation, and as symbol of wealth. Due to that, this paper presents the analysis on chemical profiles of agarwood chipwood, as a part of agarwood grading system. The work involved of Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) coupled with Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) GC-MS in extracting high quality. Three headspace fibers; PDMS-DVB, CAR-PDMS and DVB-CAR-PDMS were used during the extraction to identify the compounds with the sampling time of 60 minutes. The result showed that high quality agarwood chipwood is made up of terpene group which are monoterpene hydrocarbon, sesquiterpene hydrocarbon and oxygenated sesquiterpene. The relative peak areas (%) for compounds are tabulated and plotted. The finding in this study confirmed that the difference in compounds extracted and their relative peak area (%) are due to different fiber's polarity and absorbent, Thus, it is significant and benefit especially in agarwood oil quality grading and its related area