Acute effects of mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia on the morphometry of the rat diaphragm

BACKGROUND: Prolonged mechanical ventilatory support (MVS) combined with high oxygen concentrations has a negative impact on diaphragm function. However, the acute effects of MVS with hyperoxia have not been elucidated. Objective: To analyze the acute effects of mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia on the morphometry of the rat diaphragm. METHODS: An experimental, prospective study was conducted with Wistar rats (weight: 400±20 g), which were randomly allocated to two groups. The control group (n=4) was anesthetized, tracheostomized and kept spontaneously breathing room air for 90 minutes. The experimental group (n=5) was also anesthetized, curarized, tracheostomized and kept in controlled mechanical ventilation for the same amount of time. Both groups were submitted to median thoracotomy for sample collection of costal fibers from the diaphragm muscle, which were sectioned every 5 μm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for the morphometric study. Independent Student's t tests were employed to investigate differences between groups, with a significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS: There were no signs of acute muscle lesions, however the blood capillaries became dilated in the experimental group. The mean morphometric data related to the maximum cross-sectional diameter of the diaphragm costal fibers were 61.78 ±17.79 µm and 70.75±9.93 µm (p=0.045) for the control and experimental groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia led to significant microvascular and muscle changes, which may reflect the onset of an inflammatory process.CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A asssistência ventilória mecânica (AVM) prolongada associada a altas frações de oxigênio produz impacto negativo na função diafragmática. No entanto, não são claros os efeitos agudos da AVM associada a altas frações de oxigênio em pulmões aparentemente sadios. OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos agudos da ventilação mecânica com hiperóxia na morfometria do diafragma de ratos. Métodos: Estudo experimental prospectivo, com nove ratos Wistar, com peso de 400±20 g, randomizados em dois grupos: controle (n=4), anestesiados, traqueostomizados e mantidos em respiração espontânea em ar ambiente por 90 minutos e experimental (n=5), também anestesiados, curarizados, traqueostomizados e mantidos em ventilação mecânica controlada pelo mesmo tempo. Foram submetidos à toracotomia mediana para coleta da amostra das fibras costais do diafragma que foram seccionadas a cada 5 μm e coradas pela hematoxilina e eosina para o estudo morfométrico. Para a análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste t de Student não pareado, com nível de significância de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Não foram encontrados sinais indicativos de lesão muscular aguda, porém observou-se dilatação dos capilares sanguíneos no grupo experimental. Os dados morfométricos do diâmetro transverso máximo da fibra muscular costal foram em média de 61,78±17,79 µm e de 70,75±9,93 µm (p=0,045) nos grupos controle e experimental respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A ventilação mecânica de curta duração com elevada concentração de O2 produziu marcantes alterações microvasculares e musculares, podendo refletir o início do processo inflamatório.Universidade Federal de UberlândiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de HistologiaUNIFESP Departamento de AnatomiaUniversidade Federal do Triângulo MineiroUNIFESP, Depto. de HistologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de AnatomiaSciEL

Protocolos de Avaliação do Equilíbrio por Baropodometria em Indivíduos Saudáveis - Revisão Sistemática

The aim of the study was to assess the protocols of balance assessment in baropodometer in healthy individuals throu-gh a systematic review of the literature. The search was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant keywords were used for the search through PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO and PEDro. The review included publications made up to August 2018, in English, Portuguese or Spanish, studies with human beings and relevance to the theme of baropodometry. Studies with children and individuals with associated disorders were not included. In all articles, information regarding the assessment protocol in baropodometry were screened, extracting positioning data of feet, arms and mouth, eye fixation, data acquisition time, rest time and number of collections.In the initial search a total of 98 articles were found, in the final sample 12 articles were included. Regarding the type of study, six were clinical trials, four were cross-sectional studies, a methodological study and an experimental one. Although results of relevant literature are limited, there is no methodological standardization in the assessment in baropodometry.Objetivo: Avaliar os protocolos de avaliação do equilíbrio em baropodômetro em indivíduos saudáveis por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Materiais e Métodos: A revisão incluiu publicações realizadas até junho de 2020, nos idiomas inglês, português ou espanhol, estudos com seres humanos, com idade a partir de 18 anos, sem doenças prévias, estudos relevantes sobre baropodometria na avaliação do equilíbrio postural.Resultados: Em todos os artigos foram triadas as informações referentes ao protocolo de avaliação em baropodometria, extraindo-se dados de posicionamento de pés, braços e boca, fixação ocular, tempo de aquisição de dados, tempo de descanso e número de coletas. Na busca inicial foi encontrado um total de 130 artigos, na amostra final 18 artigos foram incluídos.Conclusão: Por meio desta revisão, sugere-se para uma utilização mais efetiva do baropodômetro, protocolos que utilizam orientações para o posicionamento do pé, considerando uma posição confortável e a largura do quadril; manter a boca entreaberta ou fechada para que não haja pegada; mantenha os olhos fixos em um ponto marcado ao nível dos olhos; tempo de coleta entre 30 segundos a 60 segundos, com duas a três repetições e 30 a 60 segundos de descanso entre elas

The effect of intermittent cryotherapy on the activities of citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase in regenerating skeletal muscle

This study examined the effect of three sessions of cryotherapy (three sessions of 30 minutes applied each 2 h) and muscle compression in the regenerating skeletal muscle of the rats. The middle belly of tibialis anterior muscle was injured by a frozen iron bar and received one of the following intervention: injury + cryotherapy (treated with cryotherapy); injury + placebo (sand pack), and injury (I).The enzymatic activities of citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in the presence of 1mM or 10mM pyruvate. The ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p£0.05) were performed for the statistical analysis. In summary, the intermittent sessions of cryotherapy, associated to muscle compression and applied immediately after the primary muscle injury minimized the CS and LDH activity at 4h30 and 24h periods post-lesion, which could be related to the reduction in the secondary muscle injury inherent to cryotherapy treatment

Projeto Shantala: capacitação remota com residência multiprofissional de São Paulo

A massagem Shantala é realizada em bebês e proporciona vários benefícios entre os envolvidos. A adaptação do projeto de extensão para o formato remoto, no contexto da pandemia, foi necessária para que os extensionistas continuassem a divulgar conhecimento teórico-prático sobre essa técnica. O objetivo foi descrever a experiência das integrantes do projeto durante uma capacitação online em parceria com o Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde - São Paulo. A capacitação remota ocorreu no dia 07 de outubro de 2021, na plataforma Google Meet®, com duração média de 2 horas e participação de quinze discentes da residência. Apesar da existência de desafios que são inerentes ao modelo remoto de capacitação, é possível realizá-la de maneira efetiva e promover a disseminação dessa arte de amor e estímulos que a massagem Shantala proporciona

Inorganic Hg toxicity in plants: a comparison of different genotoxic parameters

Inorganic Mercury (Hg) contamination persists an environmental problem, but its cyto- and genotoxicity in plants remains yet unquantified. To determine the extent of Hg-induced cyto- and genotoxicity, and assess most sensitive endpoints in plants, Pisum sativum L. seedlings were exposed for 14 days to different HgCl2 concentrations up to 100 μM. Shoots and roots from hydroponic exposure presented growth impairment and/or morphological disorders for doses >1 μM, being the roots more sensitive. Plant growth, ploidy changes, clastogenicity (HPCV), cell cycle dynamics (G1-S-G2), Comet-tail moment (TM), Comet-TD, Mitotic-index (MI) and cell proliferation index (CPI) were used to evaluate Hg-induced cyto/genotoxicity. Both leaf and root DNA-ploidy levels, assessed by flow cytometry (FCM), remained unaltered after exposure. Root cell cycle impairment occurred at lower doses (≥1 μM) than structural DNA damages (≥10 μM). Cytostatic effects depended on the Hg concentration, with delays during S-phase at lower doses, and arrests at G1 at higher ones. This arrest was paralleled with decreases of both mitotic index (MI) and cell proliferation index (CPI). DNA fragmentation, assessed by the Comet assay parameters of TD and TM, could be visualized for conditions ≥10 μM, while FCM-clastogenic parameter (FPCV) and micronuclei (MNC) were only altered in roots exposed to 100 μM. We demonstrate that inorganic-Hg induced cytostaticity is detectable even at 1 μM (a value found in contaminated sites), while structural DNA breaks/damage are only visualized in plants at concentrations ≥10 μM. We also demonstrate that among the different techniques tested for cyto- and genotoxicity, TD and TM Comet endpoints were more sensitive than FPCV or MNC. Regarding cytostatic effects, cell cycle analysis by FCM, including the difference in % cell cycle phases and CPI were more sensitive than MI or MNC frequency. Our data contribute to better understand Hg cyto- and genotoxicity in plants and to understand the information and sensitivity provided by each of the genotoxic techniques used.publishe

Combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in pppp collisions at s=7\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The datasets used correspond to integrated luminosities from 4.6 fb^-1 to 4.9 fb^-1 of proton-proton collisions collected at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in 2011. The Higgs boson mass ranges of 111.4 GeV to 116.6 GeV, 119.4 GeV to 122.1 GeV, and 129.2 GeV to 541 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level, while the range 120 GeV to 560 GeV is expected to be excluded in the absence of a signal. An excess of events is observed at Higgs boson mass hypotheses around 126 GeV with a local significance of 2.9 standard deviations (sigma). The global probability for the background to produce an excess at least as significant anywhere in the entire explored Higgs boson mass range of 110-600 GeV is estimated to be ~15%, corresponding to a significance of approximately one sigma.Peer Reviewe

Measurement of W+W−W^+W^- production in pp collisions at s\sqrt{s}=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector and limits on anomalous WWZ and WWγ couplings

This paper presents a measurement of the W^+W^- production cross section in pp collisions at sqrt{s}=7 TeV. The leptonic decay channels are analyzed using data corresponding to an integrated 4.6 fb-1 collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The W^+W^- production cross section sigma(pp -> W^+W^-+X) is measured to be 51.9 +- 2.0 (stat) +- 3.9 (syst) +- 2.0 (lumi) pb, compatible with the Standard Model prediction of 44.7 +2.1 -1.9 pb. A measurement of the normalized fiducial cross section as a function of the leading lepton transverse momentum is also presented. The reconstructed transverse momentum distribution of the leading lepton is used to extract limits on anomalous WWZ and WWgamma couplings.Peer Reviewe

Search for dark matter candidates and large extra dimensions in events with a jet and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector

A search for new phenomena in events with a high-energy jet and large missing transverse momentum is performed using data from proton-proton collisions at TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Four kinematic regions are explored using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb(−1). No excess of events beyond expectations from Standard Model processes is observed, and limits are set on large extra dimensions and the pair production of dark matter particles.Peer Reviewe

ATLAS search for new phenomena in dijet mass and angular distributions using pppp collisions at s=7\sqrt{s}=7 TeV

Mass and angular distributions of dijets produced in LHC proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$=7 TeV have been studied with the ATLAS detector using the full 2011 data set with an integrated luminosity of 4.8/fb. Dijet masses up to 4.0 TeV have been probed. No resonance-like features have been observed in the dijet mass spectrum, and all angular distributions are consistent with the predictions of QCD. Exclusion limits on six hypotheses of new phenomena have been set at 95% CL in terms of mass or energy scale, as appropriate. These hypotheses include excited quarks below 2.83 TeV, colour octet scalars below 1.86 TeV, heavy W bosons below 1.68 TeV, string resonances below 3.61 TeV, quantum black holes with six extra space-time dimensions for quantum gravity scales below 4.11 TeV, and quark contact interactions below a compositeness scale of 7.6 TeV in a destructive interference scenario.Peer Reviewe

Search for diphoton events with large missing transverse momentum in 7 TeV proton-proton collision data with the ATLAS detector

A search for diphoton events with large missing transverse momentum has been performed using proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 fb^-1. No excess of events was observed above the Standard Model prediction and model-dependent 95% confidence level exclusion limits are set. In the context of a generalised model of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking with a bino-like lightest neutralino of mass above 50 GeV, gluinos (squarks) below 1.07 TeV (0.87 TeV) are excluded, while a breaking scale Lambda below 196 TeV is excluded for a minimal model of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. For a specific model with one universal extra dimension, compactification scales 1/R < 1.40 TeV are excluded. These limits provide the most stringent tests of these models to date.Peer Reviewe