A ampliação do conhecimento legal e técnico como estratégia para o desenvolvimento de projetos e ambientes mais justos

El aparato legal y técnico para la Accesibilidad es extenso e inversamente proporcional a su cumplimiento en la realidad de las ciudades brasileñas. A las dificultades por la ausencia de soluciones arquitectónicas accesibles, se suma la compleja lectura de documentos legales, que no siempre es fácil y objetiva de interpretar y aplicar. Como contribución a cambiar esta brecha, se desarrolló una investigación-acción para difundir el conocimiento a los profesionales responsables de la producción del espacio construido. La investigación discutió los principales marcos legales nacionales relacionados con la Accesibilidad y el Diseño Universal, con actividades prácticas que muestran casos en que los requisitos legales mínimos y máximos solo cumplen los órganos responsables de aprobar proyectos y obras, y no las personas. La acción fue probada y aplicada con los arquitectos e ingenieros que verifican el cumplimiento de los ítems de Accesibilidad previstos en la Instrucción Normativa 2 de 2017, en proyectos y obras públicas realizadas con recursos federales en la Región Metropolitana de Campinas / SP. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, se pudo constatar que los participantes empezaron a entender la legislación y las normas de Accesibilidad al medio físico, no como un fin, sino como uno de los instrumentos para el desarrollo de proyectos y obras que de hecho sirvan a todos.O aparato legal e técnico para a Acessibilidade é extenso e inversamente proporcional ao seu cumprimento na realidade das cidades brasileiras. Às dificuldades pela ausência de soluções arquitetônicas acessíveis somam-se a complexa leitura dos documentos legais, nem sempre de fácil e objetiva interpretação e aplicação. Como uma contribuição para alterar esse descompasso, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa-ação voltada para a difusão de conhecimento aos profissionais responsáveis pela produção do espaço construído. A pesquisa discutiu os principais marcos legais nacionais relacionados à Acessibilidade e ao Desenho Universal, com atividades práticas evidenciando casos em que os requisitos mínimos e máximos legais atendem somente aos órgãos responsáveis pela aprovação de projetos e obras, e não às pessoas. A ação foi testada e aplicada junto aos arquitetos e engenheiros que verificam o atendimento dos itens de Acessibilidade previstos na Instrução Normativa nº 2 de 2017, em projetos e obras públicas realizados com recursos federais na Região Metropolitana de Campinas/SP. De acordo com os resultados alcançados, foi possível constatar que os participantes passaram a compreender a legislação e as normas de Acessibilidade ao meio físico não como um fim, mas como um dos instrumentos para o desenvolvimento de projetos e obras que de fato atendam a todos.The legal and technical basis for accessibility is extensive and inversely proportional to its fulfillment in the reality of Brazilian cities. The difficulties due to the absence of accessible architectural solutions are added to the complex reading of legal documents, which are not always easy and objective to interpret and apply. As a contribution and in an attempt to change this discrepancy, the present work developed an action research aimed at the dissemination of knowledge to the professionals responsible for the production of the built space. The research discussed the main national legal frameworks related to Accessibility and Universal Design, with practical activities showing cases in which the minimum and maximum legal requirements, only meet the bodies responsible for approving projects and works and not people. The action was tested and applied with the Architects and Engineers who verify the compliance with the accessibility items provided in Normative Instruction 2 of 2017, for projects and public works carried out with federal resources in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas / SP. According to the results achieved, it was possible to verify that the participants started to understand the legislation and the standards of accessibility to the physical environment, not as an end, but as one of the instruments for the development of projects and buildings that in fact serve everyone

Porcine astrovirus type 3 is an emerging cause of atypical neurologic disease: Diagnostic cases and infection dynamics on affected flows

Astroviruses (AstVs) are viral agents in the Family Astroviridae that are able to infect and cause disease in a wide variety of host species. Despite the broad host range and ability to cause disease, there are significant gaps in knowledge concerning the epidemiology, ecology, and pathophysiology of a majority of AstVs. Porcine astroviruses (PoAstVs) are distributed worldwide. Five PoAstV lineages (PoAstV1–PoAstV5) have been identified perhaps reflecting diverse origins, interspecies transmission, and recombination events, some presumably with human strains. In the past decade, different members of the genus Mamastrovirus have been associated with neurologic disease in humans, bovine, mink and most recently, porcine astrovirus 3 (PoAstV3) in swine

Molecular characterization of Glaesserella parasuis strains isolated from North America, Europe and Asia by serotyping PCR and LS-PCR.

Glaesserella parasuis strains were characterized by serotyping PCR, vtaA virulence marker Leader Sequence (LS)-PCR, clinical significance, and geographic region. Overall, the serovars 4, 5/12, 7, 1, and 13 were the most commonly detected. Serovars of greatest clinical relevance were systemic isolates that had a higher probability of being serovar 5/12, 13, or 7. In comparison, pulmonary isolates had a higher likelihood of being serovars 2, 4, 7, or 14. Serovars 5/12 and 13 have previously been considered disease-associated, but this study agrees with other recent studies showing that serovar 7 is indeed associated with systemic G. parasuis disease. Serovar 4 strains illustrated how isolates can have varying degrees of virulence and be obtained from pulmonary, systemic, or nasal sites. Serovars 8, 9, 15, and 10 were predominantly obtained from nasal samples, which indicates a limited clinical significance of these serovars. Additionally, most internal G. parasuis isolates were classified as virulent by LS-PCR and were disease-associated isolates, including serovars 1, 2, 4, 5/12, 7, 13, and 14. Isolates from the nasal cavity, including serovars 6, 9, 10, 11, and 15, were classified as non-virulent by LS-PCR. In conclusion, the distribution of G. parasuis serovars remains constant, with few serovars representing most of the strains isolated from affected pigs. Moreover, it was confirmed that the LS-PCR can be used for G. parasuis virulence prediction of field strains worldwide

Molecular characterization of Glaesserella parasuis strains isolated from North America, Europe and Asia by serotyping PCR and LS-PCR.

Glaesserella parasuis strains were characterized by serotyping PCR, vtaA virulence marker Leader Sequence (LS)-PCR, clinical significance, and geographic region. Overall, the serovars 4, 5/12, 7, 1, and 13 were the most commonly detected. Serovars of greatest clinical relevance were systemic isolates that had a higher probability of being serovar 5/12, 13, or 7. In comparison, pulmonary isolates had a higher likelihood of being serovars 2, 4, 7, or 14. Serovars 5/12 and 13 have previously been considered disease-associated, but this study agrees with other recent studies showing that serovar 7 is indeed associated with systemic G. parasuis disease. Serovar 4 strains illustrated how isolates can have varying degrees of virulence and be obtained from pulmonary, systemic, or nasal sites. Serovars 8, 9, 15, and 10 were predominantly obtained from nasal samples, which indicates a limited clinical significance of these serovars. Additionally, most internal G. parasuis isolates were classified as virulent by LS-PCR and were disease-associated isolates, including serovars 1, 2, 4, 5/12, 7, 13, and 14. Isolates from the nasal cavity, including serovars 6, 9, 10, 11, and 15, were classified as non-virulent by LS-PCR. In conclusion, the distribution of G. parasuis serovars remains constant, with few serovars representing most of the strains isolated from affected pigs. Moreover, it was confirmed that the LS-PCR can be used for G. parasuis virulence prediction of field strains worldwide

Molecular characterization of Glaesserella parasuis strains isolated from North America, Europe and Asia by serotyping PCR and LS-PCR

Glaesserella parasuis strains were characterized by serotyping PCR, vtaA virulence marker Leader Sequence (LS)-PCR, clinical significance, and geographic region. Overall, the serovars 4, 5/12, 7, 1, and 13 were the most commonly detected. Serovars of greatest clinical relevance were systemic isolates that had a higher probability of being serovar 5/12, 13, or 7. In comparison, pulmonary isolates had a higher likelihood of being serovars 2, 4, 7, or 14. Serovars 5/12 and 13 have previously been considered disease-associated, but this study agrees with other recent studies showing that serovar 7 is indeed associated with systemic G. parasuis disease. Serovar 4 strains illustrated how isolates can have varying degrees of virulence and be obtained from pulmonary, systemic, or nasal sites. Serovars 8, 9, 15, and 10 were predominantly obtained from nasal samples, which indicates a limited clinical significance of these serovars. Additionally, most internal G. parasuis isolates were classified as virulent by LS-PCR and were disease-associated isolates, including serovars 1, 2, 4, 5/12, 7, 13, and 14. Isolates from the nasal cavity, including serovars 6, 9, 10, 11, and 15, were classified as non-virulent by LS-PCR. In conclusion, the distribution of G. parasuis serovars remains constant, with few serovars representing most of the strains isolated from affected pigs. Moreover, it was confirmed that the LS-PCR can be used for G. parasuis virulence prediction of field strains worldwide.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ecology of Porcine Astrovirus Type 3 in a Herd with Associated Neurologic Disease

Astroviruses (AstVs) cause disease in a wide variety of species. Porcine AstVs are highly genetically diverse and conventionally assigned to five genetic lineages (PoAstV1-5). Due to the increasing evidence that porcine astrovirus type 3 (PoAstV3) is a cause of encephalomyelitis in swine and to elucidate important ecologic characteristics, the infection dynamics and environmental distribution of PoAstV3 were investigated in a herd with PoAstV3-associated neurologic disease. Over a 22 week period, the frequency of PoAstV3 fecal shedding varied by pig and age. The peak detection by RT-qPCR of PoAstV3 on fecal swabs (95%; 61 of 64) occurred at 3 weeks of age. The lowest frequency of detection was at 21 weeks of age (4%; 2 of 47); however, the frequency increased to 41% (19 of 46) at the final sampling time point (25 weeks of age). Viremia was rare (0.9%: 4 of 433). Detection in oral fluid was consistent with 75% to 100% of samples positive at each time point. Pens and feeders also had a high rate of detection with a majority of samples positive at a majority of sampling time points. Based on the data presented, PoAstV3 can be consistently detected in the environment with a majority of pigs being infected and a subset intermittently shedding the virus in feces out to 25 weeks of age. These findings suggest the importance of as-yet unidentified risk factors associated with the development of PoAstV3-associated polioencephalomyelitis

Detection and Cellular Tropism of Porcine Astrovirus Type 3 on Breeding Farms

Astroviruses cause disease in a variety of species. Yet, little is known about the epidemiology of a majority of astroviruses including porcine astrovirus type 3 (PoAstV3), which is a putative cause of polioencephalomyelitis in swine. Accordingly, a cross-sectional study was conducted on sow farms with or without reported PoAstV3-associated neurologic disease in growing pigs weaned from those farms. Additionally, a conveniently selected subset of piglets from one farm was selected for gross and histologic evaluation. The distribution of PoAstV3 in the enteric system was evaluated through in situ hybridization. PoAstV3, as detected by RT-qPCR on fecal samples, was frequently detected across sows and piglets (66–90%) on all farms (65–85%). PoAstV3 was detected subsequently at a similar detection frequency (77% vs 85%) on one farm after three months. Viral shedding, as determined by the cycle quantification value, suggests that piglets shed higher quantities of virus than adult swine. No link between gastrointestinal disease and PoAstV3 was found. However, PoAstV3 was detected by in situ in myenteric plexus neurons of piglets elucidating a possible route of spread of the virus from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system. These data suggest PoAstV3 has endemic potential, is shed in the feces at greater quantities by suckling piglets when compared to sows, and infection is widespread on farms in which it is detected

Sinais e sintomas, manifestação clínica e diagnóstico do miocárdio não compactado: uma revisão sistemática

O objetivo desta revisão bibliográfica foi relatar o conhecimento atual sobre o miocárdio não compactado e fornecer uma análise crítica sobre as manifestações e os métodos diagnósticos.   Para o desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa foi elaborada uma questão norteadora:  ‘’Quais são os principais sinais e sintomas da  Não Compactação do Ventrículo Esquerdo (NCVE), bem como quais são os métodos utilizados no diagnóstico e qual recurso terapêutico é utilizado na prática clínica? As buscas foram realizadas na base de dados PubMed Central (PMC) . Foram utilizados 5 descritores em combinação com o termo booleano “AND”: Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium , Thrombosis, Signs and Symptoms, Pathological Conditions e Cardiomyopathies. Dessa forma, encontrados um total de 32 artigos, e que após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram selecionados 9 estudos para compor o estudo. A NCVE é caracterizada por insuficiência cardíaca, arritmias e alto risco de eventos embólicos. A prevalência de fibrilação atrial e taquiarritmias ventriculares é notável. O diagnóstico depende de critérios morfológicos específicos, sendo a ecocardiografia transtorácica e a ressonância magnética cardíaca as ferramentas diagnósticas principais. Há variações na identificação da NCVE entre os critérios ecocardiográficos, sugerindo a necessidade de um consenso diagnóstico mais padronizado. A identificação correta da NCVE é essencial para o manejo apropriado dos pacientes, visando reduzir complicações e melhorar a qualidade de vida