Nivel de importancia que otorgan algunos colegios de la comuna de Las Condes a las actividades en entornos naturales presentes en planes y programas de estudio del MINEDUC

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Física para la Enseñanza Básica, Licenciado en Educación)Si bien las actividades en entornos naturales se encuentran dentro del currículum educacional de Chile y los planes y programas del MINEDUC este objetivo de aprendizaje casi no se pone en práctica debido a que genera distintas complicaciones en el ámbito de organización, planificación o incluso seguridad. Es por lo que, los alumnos tesistas se realizaron el cuestionamiento relacionado al nivel de importancia que le otorgan colegios de la comuna de Las Condes a las actividades en entornos naturales. Según muchos estudios asociados a los beneficios que aportan a los niños las actividades en entornos naturales, ya sea de tipo social, cognitivo, motor y de conciencia de autocuidado y del cuidado de la naturaleza y el planeta, impacta el hecho de ver que no son incluidas estas instancias en gran parte de los colegios, siendo una herramienta de gran valor que no se está considerando y desaprovechando al mismo tiempo. Los centros educacionales incluidos fueron el Colegio Pedro de Valdivia de las Condes, The Southern School, Colegio San Francisco del Alba, Colegio La Virgen de Pompeya y Colegio San Miguel Arcángel. A través de cuestionarios para alumnos de 5º a 8º básico y un cuestionario para los jefes de departamento de Educación Física de cada colegio se realizó el levantamiento de datos y posteriormente el análisis que responderán al objetivo general y a cada uno de los objetivos específicos. Dentro del proceso de elaboración de esta investigación se indagaron distintos aspectos relacionadas con las actividades en entornos naturales como definiciones y contenidos necesarios y primordiales que debe tener un profesor de educación física para poder entregar el aprendizaje de manera eficaz. El marco conceptual y las temáticas investigativas, permiten familiarizar al lector acerca de los aspectos más importantes de la investigación, como lo son: conocer acerca del medio ambiente, la educación ambiental, los recursos naturales, entre otros; así como también conocer las características de los espacios donde se realizan actividades en entornos naturales, la implementación, recursos y traslados que deben tener los establecimientos educacionales para dichas actividades, beneficios psicológicos, sociales, motrices y cognitivos de las actividades en entornos naturales, técnicas de seguridad y conocimiento junto al procedimiento para prevenir los trastornos más frecuentes. Para recopilar información que respondiera a las preguntas y objetivos de la investigación, se detalla el tipo de estudio, diseño de investigación, la población y muestra, los instrumentos de evaluación con sus respectivos protocolos. Esto genera resultados, los cuales se analizan de tal forma que sea entendible y se evidencie que cada instrumento genera la respuesta a la problemática y a sus objetivos

High-density genetic map and QTL analysis of soluble solid content, maturity date, and mealiness in peach using genotyping by sequencing

Peach (Prunus persica) is one of the most important temperate fruit trees in the world, based on its production and cultivated area. Consumer acceptance is the principal objective of multiple breeding programs and it is dependent on many factors. Among these factors, an important role is played by the soluble solids content (SSC) and the postharvest performance represented by mealiness (M) susceptibility as a chilling injury disorder. Additionally, a major maturity date (MD) QTL has been reported to have a pleiotropic effect on both M and SSC. The aim of this work was QTL identification of SSC, MD, and M and to identify adequate candidate genes that are linked to regulation of these traits. The analysis was performed by evaluation of fruit quality traits during three consecutive seasons in an F1 progeny of 194 siblings, which were obtained from the intraspecific cross between the yellow-flesh peach “O’Henry” and the white-flesh nectarine NR-053. The main result was the construction of a genetic linkage map with 499 markers (486 SNPs, 11 SSRs, and two morphological markers) spanning 717.6 cM, with an average distance between markers of 1.5 cM/cluster. The analysis allowed the identification of consistent QTLs for SSC and M in the linkage group LG5 and for MD in LG1, LG2, LG5, and LG6. A large number of genes were annotated in QTL intervals, which was reduced by selecting the genes with at least one SNP, which caused an amino acid variation. For SSC, the data identified four transcription factors, one gene involved directly with the sugar accumulation process, and one cell wall remodeling-related gene. For MD, 23 cell wall-related genes, three jasmonic acid-linked genes, eight transcription factors, and one ripening-related gene were identified. Finally, only one cell wall gene was identified that was associated with M. In conclusion, these results improve our understanding of the genetic control of fruit quality traits with commercial relevance in P. persica and specifically in the O × N mapping population.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Going up the Andes: patterns and drivers of non-native plant invasions across latitudinal and elevational gradients

The Andes mountain range in South America has a high level of endemism and is a major source of ecosystem services. The Andes is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic disturbances that have allowed the establishment of non-native plants, mainly in the lower elevation areas. However, synergies between climate change and anthropogenic pressure are promoting the spread of non-native plants to higher elevation areas. In this article, we evaluate and identify the main non-native plants invading Andean ecosystems, and assess their taxonomic families, growth forms and distribution patterns. Based on a systematic literature review, we identified the importance of climatic and anthropogenic factors as drivers of non-native species establishment in Andean ecosystems and the main impacts of non-native plants in the Andes. We then identified research gaps across each biogeographic region in the Andes. Finally, we highlight key elements to better tackle the problem of non-native plant invasions in Andean ecosystems, including the need for a systematic monitoring of invasion patterns and spread (e.g. MIREN protocol) and a common policy agenda across international borders for the prevention and management of non-native plants in this highly vulnerable region.Fil: Fuentes Lillo, Eduardo. Universidad de Concepción; Chile. Universiteit Antwerp; BélgicaFil: Lembrechts, Jonas J.. Universiteit Antwerp; BélgicaFil: Barros, Ana Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Aschero, Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Bustamante, Ramiro O.. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Cavieres, Lohengrin A.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Clavel, Jan. Universiteit Antwerp; BélgicaFil: Herrera, Ileana. Universidad Espíritu Santo; EcuadorFil: Jiménez, Alejandra. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Tecco, Paula Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Hulme, Philip E.. Lincoln University.; Nueva ZelandaFil: Nuñez, Martin Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Rozzi, Ricardo. University of North Texas; Estados UnidosFil: García, Rafael A.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Simberloff, Daniel. University of Tennessee; Estados UnidosFil: Nijs, Ivan. Universiteit Antwerp; BélgicaFil: Pauchard, Aníbal. Universidad de Concepción; Chil

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km² pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Global maps of soil temperature.

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km <sup>2</sup> resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km <sup>2</sup> pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world\u27s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications