ギョルイ コッカク ヒョウホン オ モチイタ リカ キョウイク ノ レイ - アゴ ノ ホネ ノ ヘンカ オ カンサツ シテ サカナ ト ワタシタチト ノ カンケイ オ サグロウ -

The fish transparent specimens were applied to a study of the evolution through the observation of jaw arches of the cartilaginous and bony fishes, and its effectiveness was investigated by the pre- and post- intervention questionnaire. The research examined 48 participants in the four learning interventions, the age ranging from 13 to 76 with a mean of 29.9 years old（ n=47, because one articipant did not describe the age）and the sex ratio being 27 females and 21 males. The program was composed of the followings: how to use the microscope; the basic knowledge of bones such as the kinds of bone, how to make specimens for bone observation, history and methods to make transparent specimens; main observation 1, jaw arches of cartilaginous and bony fi shes; and main observation 2, relationships between fi sh jaws and our auditory ossicles, known as the Theory of Reichert. The participants were significantly more concerned about the evolution of fish jaws to our auditory ossicles after the intervention, indicating that the transparent specimens and observation objects related to the Theory of Reichert would be suitable for the study of evolution. The picturesque transparent specimens attracting the participants would be a good resource of science education.透明骨格二重染色標本が、理科教育、とくに進化の理解を深めるための教材として有効かどうかを、事前と事後のアンケートにもとづいて調査した。対象としたのは、4 つのイベントに参加した13歳から76歳の男性21名、女性27名、計48名である。プログラムは、顕微鏡の使い方と透明標本の基礎知識（骨の種類、骨格を観察するための方法、透明標本の作製方法と歴史）、および二つからなる主題の観察（サメの顎と魚の顎、および私たちとの関係［ライヘルト説］）の順に進めた。アンケートによって、ほぼ全員が、透明標本を観察することによって魚類の顎の骨格と私たちの中耳骨との関係であるライヘルト説を理解したことが判明した。さらに自由記述では、進化自体の驚きや魚と私たちの系統関係、さらには透明標本の美しさに興味津々であることがうかがえた。河野博: 東京海洋大学学術研究院海洋環境学部門植原望: 東京海洋大学魚類学研究

Diode Laser Detection of Greenhouse Gases in the Near-Infrared Region by Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy: Pressure Dependence of the Detection Sensitivity

We have investigated the pressure dependence of the detection sensitivity of CO2, N2O and CH4 using wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) with distributed feed-back diode lasers in the near infrared region. The spectral line shapes and the background noise of the second harmonics (2f) detection of the WMS were analyzed theoretically. We determined the optimum pressure conditions in the detection of CO2, N2O and CH4, by taking into consideration the background noise in the WMS. At the optimum total pressure for the detection of CO2, N2O and CH4, the limits of detection in the present system were determined