Limfocyty CD4+ CD28− a udar niedokrwienny mózgu. Część II: Limfocyty CD4+ CD28− a blaszki miażdżycowe w tętnicach szyjnych wspólnych

Background and purpose CD4+CD28− lymphocytes can directly contribute to the instability of atherosclerotic plaque. This paper attempts to answer the question of the potential influence of the CD4+CD28− lymphocyte population on the ultrasound image of atherosclerotic plaque in the common carotid artery (CCA) wall. Material and methods The study involved a group of 109 patients, aged 45 to 65 years, including 42 patients with first-ever ischaemic stroke, experiencing symptoms resulting from disturbances of the anterior area of cerebral circulation, arterial hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus (group 1). Group 2 consisted of 34 patients with mentioned risk factors, without ischaemic stroke. The control group comprised 33 healthy individuals. The percentage of CD4+CD28− lymphocytes was assessed with flow cytometry. Results A significant difference in the incidence of heterogeneous plaques was noted between groups 1 and 3 (p = = 0.0023) as well as between group 2 and 3 (p = 0.0005), whereas groups 1 and 2 did not differ from each other. The proportion of CD4+CD28− lymphocytes was similar in groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.97), but it differed between groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.0001) and between groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.001). A correlation was found between the proportion of CD4+CD28− lymphocytes in the blood and the number of CCA atherosclerotic plaques (Rs = 0.191, p = 0.046). The proportion of CD4+CD28− lymphocytes in peripheral blood did not correlate with the ultrasound types of atherosclerotic plaques. No correlation between the proportion of CD4+CD28− lymphocytes and the area of atherosclerotic plaques was found. Conclusions The correlation between the proportion of CD4+CD28− lymphocytes and the number of atherosclerotic plaques within the CCA suggests that the cells are involved in the mechanism of carotid plaque formation. There is no proof of the involvement of the above-mentioned cells in the mechanism of plaque destabilization in those arteries.Wstęp i cel pracy Limfocyty CD4+CD28− mogą bezpośrednio przyczyniać się do niestabilności blaszek miażdżycowych. Skłoniło to autorów pracy do podjęcia badań nad ewentualnym wpływem subpopulacji limfocytów CD4+CD28− na obraz ultrasonograficzny blaszek miażdżycowych w ścianie tętnicy szyjnej wspólnej. Materiali metody Do badania zakwalifikowano 109 osób w wieku od 45 do 65 lat, w tym 42 chorych na pierwszy w życiu udar niedokrwienny mózgu z objawami klinicznymi wynikającymi z zaburzeń przedniego obszaru krążenia mózgowego, nadciśnieniem tętniczym i/lub cukrzycą typu 2 (grupa 1.). Grupę 2. stanowiło 34 chorych z wymienionymi czynnikami ryzyka, ale bez udaru, a grupę kontrolną – 33 osoby uznane za zdrowe. Odsetek limfocytów CD4+CD28− we krwi obwodowej analizowano za pomocą cytometrii przepływowej. Wyniki Wykazano istotną różnicę w częstości występowania blaszek heterogennych pomiędzy grupami 1. i 3. (p = 0,0023) oraz 2. i 3. (p = 0,0005), natomiast grupy 1. i 2. nie różniły się istotnie pod względem odsetka osób z tego rodzaju blaszkami. Odsetek badanych limfocytów CD4+CD28− w grupach 1. i 2. był zbliżony (p = 0,97), natomiast istotnie większy w porównaniu z grupą 3. (grupa 1. vs grupa 3.: p < 0,0001; grupa 2. vs grupa 3.: p < 0,001). Wnioski Współwystępowanie dużej liczby limfocytów CD4+CD28− z dużą liczbą heterogennych blaszek miażdżycowych w tętnicach szyjnych wspólnych nasuwa podejrzenie o udział wymienionych komórek w mechanizmie destabilizacji blaszek w tych naczyniach

Articulation disorders and duration, severity and l-dopa dosage in idiopathic Parkinson's disease

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). It is frequently heralded by speech disturbances, which are one of its first symptoms. Aim The aim of this paper is to share our own experience concerning the correlation between the severity of speech disorders and the PD duration, its severity and the intake of l-dopa. Material and methods The research included 93 patients with idiopathic PD, aged 26–86 years (mean age 65.1 years). Participants were examined neurologically according to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Hoehn and Yahr Scale. They were also assessed by Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment. Results Considerable and severe disorders were concurrent with impairments in the mobility of the tongue, lips, the jaw as well as the pitch and loudness of the voice. The strongest correlation but at a moderate level was found to exist between the severity of labial impairment, voice loudness and the length of the disease. There was also a positive correlation between lip movement while the motions were being diversified, lip arrangement while speaking and the intake of l-dopa. Conclusions As PD progresses a significant decline in vocal articulation can be observed, which is due to reduced mobility within the lips and the jaw. Exacerbation of articulation disorders resulting from progression of the disease does not materially influence the UPDRSS scores. l-dopa has been found to positively affect the mobility of the lips while the patient is speaking and their arrangement at rest

A high manganese-tolerant pseudomonas sp. strain isolated from metallurgical waste heap can be a tool for enhancing manganese removal from contaminated soil

Manganese (Mn) is widely used in industry. However, its extensive applications have generated a great amount of manganese waste, which has become an ecological problem and has led to a decrease in natural resources. The use of microorganisms capable of accumulating Mn ions from contaminated ecosystems o ers a potential alternative for the removal and recovery of this metal. The main aim of this work was an investigation of removal potential of Mn from soil by isolated bacterial. For this purpose, eleven bacterial strains were isolated from the soil from metallurgical waste heap in Upper Silesia, Poland. Strain named 2De with the highest Mn removal potential was selected and characterized taking into account its ability for Mn sorption and bioaccumulation from soil and medium containing manganese dioxide. Moreover, the protein profile of 2De strain before and after exposition to Mn was analyzed using SDS/PAGE technique. The 2De strain was identified as a Pseudomonas sp. The results revealed that this strain has an ability to grow at high Mn concentration and possesses an enhanced ability to remove it from the solution enriched with the soil or manganese dioxide via a biosorption mechanism. Moreover, changes in cellular protein expression of the isolated strain were observed. This study demonstrated that autochthonous 2De strain can be an e ective tool to remove and recover Mn from contaminated soil

Electrochemical approach for isolation of chitin from the skeleton of the black coral cirrhipathes sp. (Antipatharia)

The development of novel and effective methods for the isolation of chitin, which remains one of the fundamental aminopolysaccharides within skeletal structures of diverse marine invertebrates, is still relevant. In contrast to numerous studies on chitin extraction from crustaceans, mollusks and sponges, there are only a few reports concerning its isolation from corals, and especially black corals (Antipatharia). In this work, we report the stepwise isolation and identification of chitin from Cirrhipathes sp. (Antipatharia, Antipathidae) for the first time. The proposed method, aiming at the extraction of the chitinous scaffold from the skeleton of black coral species, combined a well-known chemical treatment with in situ electrolysis, using a concentrated Na2SO4 aqueous solution as the electrolyte. This novel method allows the isolation of a-chitin in the form of a microporous membrane-like material. Moreover, the extracted chitinous scaffold, with a well-preserved, unique pore distribution, has been extracted in an astoundingly short time (12 h) compared to the earlier reported attempts at chitin isolation from Antipatharia corals. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Recommendations of the Polish Medical Society of Radiology and the Polish Society of Neurology for the routinely used magnetic resonance imaging protocol in patients with multiple sclerosis

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used method for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) that is essential for the detection and follow-up of the disease. The Polish Medical Society of Radiology (PLTR) and the Polish Society of Neurology (PTN) present the second version of the recommendations for examinations routinely conducted in magnetic resonance imaging departments in patients with MS, which include new data and practical comments for electroradiology technicians and radiologists. The recommended protocol aims to improve the MRI procedure and, most importantly, to standardise the method of conducting scans in all MRI departments. This is crucial for the initial diagnostics that are necessary to establish a diagnosis as well as monitor patients with MS, which directly translates into significant clinical decisions. MS is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), the aetiology of which is still unknown. The nature of the disease lies in the CNS destruction process disseminated in time and space. MRI detects focal lesions in the white and grey matter with high sensitivity (with significantly less specificity in the latter). It is also the best tool to assess brain atrophy in patients with MS in terms of grey matter volume and white matter volume as well as local atrophy (by measuring the volume of thalamus, corpus callosum, subcortical nuclei, hippocampus) as parameters that correlate with disability progression and cognitive dysfunctions. Progress in magnetic resonance techniques, as well as the abilities of postprocessing the obtained data, has become the basis for the dynamic development of computer programs that allow for a more repeatable assessment of brain atrophy in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. MRI is unquestionably the best diagnostic tool used to follow up the course of the disease and to treat patients with MS. However, to diagnose and follow up the patients with MS on the basis of MRI in accordance with the latest standards, an MRI study must meet certain quality criteria, which are the subject of this paper

Mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau Tumour Suppressor Gene in Central Nervous System Hemangioblastomas

Central nervous system hemangioblastomas (cHAB) are rare tumours which most commonly arise in the cerebellum. Most tumours are sporadic, but as many as one third of cHABs occur in the course of the hereditary disorder - von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL). In order to diagnose new VHL families in Poland we performed sequencing of the entire VHL gene in archival material (paraffin embedded hemangioblastoma tissues) in a large series of 203 unselected patients with cHAB. VHL gene mutations were detected in 70 (41%) of 171 tumour samples from which DNA of relatively good quality was isolated. We were able to obtain blood samples from 19 of mutation positive cases. Eight (42%) of these harboured germline mutations in persons from distinct undiagnosed VHL families

Kultura i społeczeństwo na Środkowym Nadodrzu w XIX i XX wieku

303 s. : il., portr.

Rocznik Lubuski (t. 31, cz.1): Muzea i ochrona dziedzictwa kulturowego na Środkowym Nadodrzu

Muzea i Ochrona Dziedzictwa Kulturowego na Środkowym Nadodrzu

Recommendations of the Polish Medical Society of Radiology and the Polish Society of Neurology for a protocol concerning routinely used magnetic resonance imaging in patients with multiple sclerosis

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used method for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis that is essential for the detection and follow-up of the disease.Objective: The Polish Medical Society of Radiology (PLTR) and the Polish Society of Neurology (PTN) present the second version of their recommendations for investigations routinely conducted in magnetic resonance imaging departments in patients with multiple sclerosis. This version includes new data and practical comments for electroradiology technologists and radiologists. The recommended protocol aims to improve the MRI procedure and, most importantly, to standardise the method of conducting scans in all MRI departments. This is crucial for the initial diagnostics necessary for establishing a diagnosis, as well as for MS patient monitoring, which directly translates into significant clinical decisions.Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), the aetiology of which is still unknown. The nature of the disease lies in a CNS destruction process disseminated in time (DIT) and space (DIS). MRI detects focal lesions in the white and grey matter with high sensitivity (although with significantly lower specificity in the latter). It is also the best tool to assess brain atrophy in patients with MS in terms of grey matter volume (GMV) and white matter volume (WMV) as well as local atrophy (by measuring the volume of thalamus, corpus callosum, subcortical nuclei, and hippocampus) as parameters that correlate with disability progression and cognitive dysfunctions. Progress in MR techniques, as well as advances in postprocessing the obtained data, has driven the dynamic development of computer programs that allow for a more repeatable assessment of brain atrophy in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. MR imaging is unquestionably the best diagnostic tool available to follow up the course of the disease and support clinicians in choosing the most appropriate treatment strategy for their MS patient. However, to diagnose and follow up MS patients on the basis of MRI in accordance with the latest standards, the MRI study must adhere to certain quality criteria. Such criteria are the subject of this paper

Myśl i polityka: księga pamiątkowa dedykowana profesorowi Jackowi Marii Majchrowskiemu T. 3

Publikacja jubileuszowa z okazji 40-lecia pracy naukowej profesora Jacka Majchrowskieg