Нараджэнне індывідуальнасці з духу беларушчыны: жыццёвыя траекторыі і канцэптуальна-эмацыйныя матрыцы беларускага інтэлігента ў рамане Віктара Вальтара Роджаныя пад Сатурнам

The article is devoted to an analysis of the novel by Viktar Vaĺtar Rodžanyja pad Saturnam (Born under Saturn), describing the life and ideological collisions of the Belarusian students of inter-war Prague. This novel lifts the veil not only from over the conceptual world within which the Belarusian intellectual youth of those times lived, but also of emotional performance of this concepts. Born under Saturn gives us the opportunity to feel and hear the intonation from which the concepts of ‘homeland’, ‘intelligentsia’ had been pronounced. The reconstruction of this distinctive intonation, and the semantic, existential, psychological and social foundations on which it was based, forms the main goal of this research. We view this novel as a continuation of the tradition of the polyphonic (in the terminology of Mikhail Bakhtin) philosophical novel, where philosophical concepts and theories are not simply presented, but are given in a dialogic context. Proceeding from such understanding, аs the main interpretative strategy, we chose a two-aspect approach: we consider the text from the point of view of intellectual history and within the framework of the ‘history of emotions’. The main ideas of the novel were analysed both in their conceptual semantics and as emotional matrices of the Belarusian intellectual of the 1920s. One of our main findings is as the following: the tragedy of Tuhoŭski (the novel's protagonist) is a tragedy of the first generation of the Belarusian intelligentsia, of the burden of becoming oneself, after separation from the navel of traditional society and the collision with new anthropological knowledge, the violence of history and the aporia of national and social ideologyArtykuł poświęcono analizie powieści Wiktora Waltera Urodzeni pod Saturnem (Роджаныя пад Сатурнам), opisującej życie i dylematy ideologiczne białoruskich studentów w  międzywojennej Pradze. Wybór przedmiotu badań jest nieprzypadkowy: analizowany utwór posiada wysoką wartość artystyczną, nie był dotąd badany, ponadto w literaturze nie ustalono roli, jaką odegrała Praga w historii rozwoju życia intelektualnego na Zachodniej Białorusi w latach 20. XX w. Utwór opisuje nie tylko świat wartości, jakimi żyła ówczesna młodzież inteligencka, ale także jej kondycję psychiczną. Urodzeni pod Saturnem pokazuje także, w jaki sposób studenci białoruscy rozumieli takie pojęcia, jak „ojczyzna” i „inteligencja”, jak wyobrażali sobie przyszłość oraz swoje powołanie. I to właśnie rekonstrukcja płaszczyzn semantycznej, egzystencjalnej, psychologicznej i społecznej była głównym celem badania. W utworze Urodzeni pod Saturnem autor nawiązuje do tradycji powieści polifonicznej (według terminologii Michała Bachtina), prezentującej koncepcje i teorie filozoficzne w wypowiedziach bohaterów. Dlatego też główną strategią badawczą zastosowaną w niniejszym artykule jest podejście łączące ze sobą historię idei oraz tzw. historię emocji. Przeprowadzone analizy doprowadziły do konstatacji, że tragedia Tuchowskiego, głównego bohatera powieści, jest także tragedią pierwszego pokolenia białoruskiej inteligencji. Pokolenie to musiało udźwignąć ciężar odkrywania własnej indywidualności w sytuacji zerwania związku z modelem tradycyjnym preferowanym przez zbiorowość, jak również wzięło na siebie obowiązek konfrontacji z: nową ideologią narodowo-społeczną, pogwałceniem historii oraz koniecznością określenia własnej roli w świecie.Артыкул прысвечаны аналізу рамана Віктара Вальтара Роджаныя пад Сатурнам, які апісвае жыццёвыя і ідэалагічныя калізіі беларускага студэнцтва міжваеннай Прагі. Гэты раман прыадчыняе дзверы не толькі ў канцэптуальны свет, якім жыла беларуская інтэлігенцкая моладзь тых часоў, але і ў ягонае эмацыйнае спаўненне. Роджаныя пад Сатурнам даюць нам магчымасць адчуць і пачуць як – з якой інтанацыяй, у якіх кантэкстах і ў адказ на якія калізіі – беларускія студэнты прамаўлялі канцэпты „бацькаўшчына”, „інтэлігенцыя”, якой мроілася ім будучыня і ў чым адчувалі яны сваё пакліканне. Менавіта рэканструкцыя гэтай адметнай інтанацыі, а таксама схаваных у ёй семантычных, экзістэнцыяльных, псіхалагічных і сацыяльных падстаў, і была галоўнай мэтай дадзенага даследавання. Мы разглядаем Роджаныя пад Сатурнам як працяг традыцыі поліфанічнага (па тэрміналогіі Міхаіла Бахціна) філасофскага рамана, дзе філасофскія канцэпты і тэорыі не проста выкладаюцца, але даюцца ў жывым дыялагічным кантэксце. Зыходзячы з такога разумення, у якасці асноўнай інтэрпрэтатыўнай стратэгіі намі быў абраны двухаспектны падыход: мы разглядаем тэкст і з пункту гледжання інтэлектуальнай гісторыі, і ў рамках такога падыходу як „гісторыя эмоцый”. Асноўныя ідэі рамана мы аналізавалі і ў іх канцэптуальнай семантыцы, і як эмацыйныя матрыцы беларускага інтэлігента 20-х гг. XX ст. Адной з галоўных нашых высноваў ёсць наступная: трагедыя Тугоўскага, галоўнага героя рамана – гэта трагедыя першага пакалення беларускай інтэлігенцыі, уцялесненне цяжару станаўлення самім сабой пасля адрыву ад пупавіны традыцыйнага грамадства і сутыкнення з новай антрапалагічнай ведай, гвалтам гісторыі і апорыямі тагачаснай нацыянальнай і сацыяльнай ідэалогіі.

Simplicial moves on balanced complexes

We introduce a notion of cross-flips: local moves that transform a balanced (i.e., properly (d+1)-colored) triangulation of a combinatorial d-manifold into another balanced triangulation. These moves form a natural analog of bistellar flips (also known as Pachner moves). Specifically, we establish the following theorem: any two balanced triangulations of a closed combinatorial d-manifold can be connected by a sequence of cross-flips. Along the way we prove that for every m≥d+2 and any closed combinatorial d-manifold M, two m-colored triangulations of M can be connected by a sequence of bistellar flips that preserve the vertex colorings

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Diagnostic Accuracy of AI for Opportunistic Screening of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in CT: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis

In this review, we focused on the applicability of artificial intelligence (AI) for opportunistic abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) detection in computed tomography (CT). We used the academic search system PubMed as the primary source for the literature search and Google Scholar as a supplementary source of evidence. We searched through 2 February 2022. All studies on automated AAA detection or segmentation in noncontrast abdominal CT were included. For bias assessment, we developed and used an adapted version of the QUADAS-2 checklist. We included eight studies with 355 cases, of which 273 (77%) contained AAA. The highest risk of bias and level of applicability concerns were observed for the “patient selection” domain, due to the 100% pathology rate in the majority (75%) of the studies. The mean sensitivity value was 95% (95% CI 100–87%), the mean specificity value was 96.6% (95% CI 100–75.7%), and the mean accuracy value was 95.2% (95% CI 100–54.5%). Half of the included studies performed diagnostic accuracy estimation, with only one study having data on all diagnostic accuracy metrics. Therefore, we conducted a narrative synthesis. Our findings indicate high study heterogeneity, requiring further research with balanced noncontrast CT datasets and adherence to reporting standards in order to validate the high sensitivity value obtained

The association between aggressive and non-aggressive antisocial problems as measured with the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment: A study of 27,861 parent-adolescent dyads from 25 societies

Aggression (e.g., assaulting others, bullying, oppositionality; AGG) and non-aggressive rule-breaking (e.g., lying, stealing, vandalism; RB) appear to constitute meaningfully distinct dimensions of antisocial behavior. Despite these differences, it is equally clear that AGG and RB are moderately-to-strongly intercorrelated with one another. To date, however, we have little insight into the sampling and methodologic characteristics that might moderate the association between AGG and RB. The current study sought to evaluate several such moderators (i.e., age, sex, informant, and society) in a sample of 27,861 parent-adolescent dyads from 25 societies. AGG and RB were assessed with the well-known Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self-Report (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). Results revealed small effects of informant and adolescent sex, such that the association between AGG and RB was stronger for parents' reports than for adolescents' self-reports, and for boys than for girls. The association also varied by society. Unexpectedly, the specific operationalization of 'aggression' emerged as a particularly strong moderator, such that the association was stronger for a general measure of AGG than for a more focused measure of physical aggression per se. Such findings inform our understanding of similarities and differences between aggressive and non-aggressive antisocial problems. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Cross-informant agreement between parent-reported and adolescent self-reported problems in 25 societies

We used population sample data from 25 societies to answer the following questions: (a) How consistently across societies do adolescents report more problems than their parents report about them? (b) Do levels of parent-adolescent agreement vary among societies for different kinds of problems? (c) How well do parents and adolescents in different societies agree on problem item ratings? (d) How much do parent-adolescent dyads within each society vary in agreement on item ratings? (e) How well do parent-adolescent dyads within each society agree on the adolescent's deviance status? We used five methods to test cross-informant agreement for ratings obtained from 27,861 adolescents ages 11 to 18 and their parents. Youth Self-Report (YSR) mean scores were significantly higher than Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) mean scores for all problem scales in almost all societies, but the magnitude of the YSR-CBCL discrepancy varied across societies. Cross-informant correlations for problem scale scores varied more across societies than across types of problems. Across societies, parents and adolescents tended to rate the same items as low, medium, or high, but within-dyad parent-adolescent item agreement varied widely in every society. In all societies, both parental noncorroboration of self-reported deviance and adolescent noncorroboration of parent-reported deviance were common. Results indicated many multicultural consistencies but also some important differences in parent-adolescent cross-informant agreement. Our findings provide valuable normative baselines against which to compare multicultural findings for clinical samples

Effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youth-rated problems and strengths in 38 societies

Background: Clinicians increasingly serve youths from societal/cultural backgrounds different from their own. This raises questions about how to interpret what such youths report. Rescorla et al. (2019, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 1107) found that much more variance in 72,493 parents' ratings of their offspring's mental health problems was accounted for by individual differences than by societal or cultural differences. Although parents' reports are essential for clinical assessment of their offspring, they reflect parents' perceptions of the offspring. Consequently, clinical assessment also requires self-reports from the offspring themselves. To test effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youths' self-ratings of their problems and strengths, we analyzed Youth Self-Report (YSR) scores for 39,849 11-17 year olds in 38 societies. Methods: Indigenous researchers obtained YSR self-ratings from population samples of youths in 38 societies representing 10 culture cluster identified in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness study. Hierarchical linear modeling of scores on 17 problem scales and one strengths scale estimated the percent of variance accounted for by individual differences (including measurement error), society, and culture cluster. ANOVAs tested age and gender effects. Results: Averaged across the 17 problem scales, individual differences accounted for 92.5% of variance, societal differences 6.0%, and cultural differences 1.5%. For strengths, individual differences accounted for 83.4% of variance, societal differences 10.1%, and cultural differences 6.5%. Age and gender had very small effects. Conclusions: Like parents' ratings, youths' self-ratings of problems were affected much more by individual differences than societal/cultural differences. Most variance in self-rated strengths also reflected individual differences, but societal/cultural effects were larger than for problems, suggesting greater influence of social desirability. The clinical significance of individual differences in youths' self-reports should thus not be minimized by societal/cultural differences, which-while important-can be taken into account with appropriate norms, as can gender and age differences