Implementation of an International "Professional" Bachelor's Degree in Wireless Networks and Security in Grenoble

6 pagesInternational audienceThe 'Professional' Bachelor's Degree programmes "Networks and Telecommunications" specialising in "Wireless Networks and Security" has existed since 2005 in Grenoble. This programme is actually the 5th and 6th semesters of a three-year degree. In order to encourage international exchanges within this programme, in September 2007 we launched as part of it an "international" group of students (fourteen) with courses taught in English, in order to attract to France both/either non French-speaking European students within the framework of the ERASMUS exchanges, and/or non-European students. This is an innovative pilot project in France since it is the first time a complete academic year of tuition has been available in English at Bachelor's degree level in the technological fields of study

Atmospheric tar balls: Particles from biomass and biofuel burning

"Tar balls'' are amorphous, carbonaceous spherules that occur in the tropospheric aerosol as a result of biomass and biofuel burning. They form a distinct group of particles with diameters typically between 30 and 500 nm and readily identifiable with electron microscopy. Their lack of a turbostratic microstructure distinguishes them from soot, and their morphology and composition (similar to90 mol % carbon) renders them distinct from other carbonaceous particles. Tar balls are particularly abundant in slightly aged (minutes to hours old) biomass smoke, indicating that they likely form by gas-to-particle conversion within smoke plumes. The material of tar balls is initially hygroscopic; however, the particles become largely insoluble as a result of free radical polymerization of their organic molecules. Consequently, tar balls are primarily externally mixed with other particle types, and they do not appreciably increase in size during aging. When tar balls coagulate with water-bearing particles, their material may partly dissolve and no longer be recognizable as distinct particles. Tar balls may contain organic compounds that absorb sunlight. They are an important, previously unrecognized type of carbonaceous (organic) atmospheric particle

Semantic Features of Verbs and Types of Present Perfect in English

English present perfect is usually divided into several types; however, analysis of concrete examples shows that such classifications into types depend on the context and on some semantic features of verbs. This paper discusses the interaction between such features and present perfect with the examples from the contemporary British novel (Lodge 1989). The discussed examples point to the following tendencies in such interaction: telic and momentary situations usually indicate that the goal was reached, while the stative and durative situations usually imply continuation or experience lasting up to the point of speech (often in the progressive aspect)

Influence of production variables and starting material on charcoal stable isotopic and molecular characteristics

We present a systematic study on the effect of starting species, gas composition, temperature, particle size and duration of heating upon the molecular and stable isotope composition of high density (mangrove) and low density (pine) wood. In both pine and mangrove, charcoal was depleted in o13C relative to the starting wood by up to 1.6% and 0.8%, respectively. This is attributed predominantly to the progressive loss of isotopically heavier polysaccharides, and kinetic effects of aromatization during heating. However, the pattern of o13C change was dependant upon both starting species and atmosphere, with different structural changes associated with charcoal production from each wood type elucidated by Solid-State o13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. These are particularly evident at lower temperatures, where variation in the oxygen content of the production atmosphere results in differences in the thermal degradation of cellulose and lignin. It is concluded that production of charcoal from separate species in identical conditions, or from a single sample exposed to different production variables, can result in significantly different o13C of the resulting material, relative to the initial wood. These results have implications for the use of charcoal isotope composition to infer past environmental change

Metastatic colorectal cancer presenting with malignant pleural effsion - a self-experience study

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) advanced stage (stage IVA) is characterized by distant metastasis in one organ or in one site. The aim of this study is to present a relatively rare localization of CRC dissemi­nation, i.e. pleural metastases clinically presenting with malignant pleural effusion.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 12 patients, 10 males and two females at a mean age of 61.4±13.3 years (range, 39-78 years) with malignant pleural effusion because of CRC were included in this four-year study (2012-2016). Physical examination and Karnofsky performance status score were evaluated. Radio­graphic studies were used to establish pleural effusion. Pleural effusion drainage and pleural fluid cytolog­ical examinations were performed. Patients` survival rate was established.RESULTS: Pleural metastasis developed approximately 1.8±0.7 years after radical operation in all the pa­tients. Patient`s Karnofsky performance status score was ≤50. Pleural effusion evacuation was accomplished by tube thoracostomy in all the patients. The cytological examination established adenocarcinoma cells in the pleural effusion. The mean patient`s survival rate was 3.1±1.9 months.CONCLUSION: This study described a rare localization of CRC metastasis in the pleural cavity character­ized by an extremely low patient`s survival rate. Scr Sci Med 2017; 49(3): 35-3

Global impacts of aerosols from particular source regions and sectors

We study the impacts of present-day aerosols emitted from particular regions and from particular sectors, as predicted by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies GCM, We track the distribution and direct radiative forcing of aerosols, including sulfate and black and organic carbon, emitted from major source regions (North America, Europe, south Asia, Southeast Asia, South America, and Africa). We also partition the emissions by sector, including industrial, power, residential, transport, biomass burning, and natural. Southeast Asia produces 15% and 10% of the world's black carbon and sulfate and exports over 2/3 of this burden over the Northern Hemisphere. About 1/2 of the SO<inf>2</inf> emitted by Southeast Asia and Europe is not converted to sulfate because of oxidant limitation. Although Africa has the largest biomass burning emissions, South America generates a larger (about 20% of the global carbonaceous) aerosol burden; about 1/2 of this burden is exported and dominates the carbonaceous aerosol load in the Southern Hemisphere. Calculated direct anthropogenic radiative forcings are -0.29, -0.06, and 0.24 W m-2 for sulfate, organic, and black carbon, respectively. The largest BC radiative forcings are from residential (0.09 W m-2) and transport (0.06 W m-2) sectors, making these potential targets to counter global warming. However, scattering components within these sectors reduce these to 0.04 and 0.03 W m-2, respectively. Most anthropogenic sulfate comes from power and industry sectors, and these sectors are responsible for the large negative aerosol forcings over the central Northern Hemisphere. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union