Energy-balance climate models

An introductory survey of the global energy balance climate models is presented with an emphasis on analytical results. A sequence of increasingly complicated models involving ice cap and radiative feedback processes are solved and the solutions and parameter sensitivities are studied. The model parameterizations are examined critically in light of many current uncertainties. A simple seasonal model is used to study the effects of changes in orbital elements on the temperature field. A linear stability theorem and a complete nonlinear stability analysis for the models are developed. Analytical solutions are also obtained for the linearized models driven by stochastic forcing elements. In this context the relation between natural fluctuation statistics and climate sensitivity is stressed

The Ursinus Weekly, January 11, 1943

How to find God is Koch\u27s subject at Y\u27s installation • College Who\u27s Who lists ten seniors in current edition • Forty will graduate on January 25 in first mid-year commencement • Weekly board fills editorial positions as nine graduate • Anders pre-med society to hear illustrated talk by noted dermatologist • Band pleases some in inter-frat ball • Biology Department receives microscope from Dr. Price • Men debaters open season • Ursinus queen\u27s coronation will replace May pageant • Clamer girls campused • First Ursinus casualty revealed by the Navy • English Club hears Dunant tell of Franco-Nazi hate • High schools to graduate pre-collegians in 3 1/2 years • Much feted freshman pledges flip the coin and cast the die • Coed wanted to fill post as Lantern manager • Curtain Club tryouts set for Wednesday • Blues in the night altered for duration • Wagner explains photos in color at chem meeting • Government seeks woman engineers • Lloyd M. Lebegern dies • Girls open season with Albright sextet at home this week • Jayvees begin practice under coach Hogeland • Rangers and snipers each win twice to take intramural basketball lead • Dribblers get new schedule • Former student gets a 109 • Heiges attends conventionhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1750/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, February 9, 1942

Dancers at Lorelei to slide and glide with Wally Spotts • Vespers speaker calls attention to spiritual conflict • College work-study plan to enable students to work in defense plants • Toyland Fantasy by Betty Urich will be script for May Pageant • Pre-med society hears outline of specialists\u27 work • Women to meet Swarthmore in debate Wednesday night • Attention, men! • Callahan, Curtis, and Heckman to lead panel discussion at IRC • Central Nominating Committee elects Joyce Tuers chairman • Activity schedules are curtailed due to accelerated program • Students present gift to Miss Moll as token of esteem and farewell • Heibel sets next Monday as deadline for Lantern articles • For prospective sisters! • Curtain Club to stage three one-act plays for Mothers\u27 Day program • Members of Y retreat to Arcola in order to formulate program • Scum to cream is Horatio tale of frosh through rushing week • Commentator: Today, the war; Tomorrow - ? • Blood for the Red Cross • Superficiality exemplified • Society notes • Wrestlers face Mules Thursday • Bear clan surprises by holding Lions to 49-46 but hapless Dutchmen outfit baffles Bears Saturday, 39-36 • Outstanding addition: Arno Kuhn • Dutchmen frosh blast cubs, 40-22, Saturday • Freshman quintet drops game to Albright, 40-27 • Intramurals stressed in World War I; Classes shortened also • Snell\u27s Jay-Vees win close game from Reading teamhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/3116/thumbnail.jp

HIGH FIDELITY MEASUREMENT OF BIOELECTRICAL SIGNALS

Previous research regarding the acquisition and electrical characterization of bio- electrical signals of both noninvasive “oriundis in vivo”, generally associated with elec- tromyography (EMG), electrocardiography (EKG), or electroencephalography (EEG), and active “oriundis ex vivo et vitro” material characterization, generally associated with bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS); while successfully providing beneficial results, was ul- timately plagued with a variety of intrinsic electrical distortions [1] [2]. Conversely, the frequent manifestation of such distortions resulted in an investigation into the nature of their occurrence, which subsequently resulted in my research into the nature of such dis- tortions, the conditions in which they occur, useful techniques to model and minimize their impact, and the underlying methodology needed to obtain the highest fidelity possi- ble when acquiring such measurements. Furthermore, the techniques developed are then applied to both noninvasively obtained “oriundis in vivo” and active “oriundis ex vivo et vitro” applied bioelectrical signals, and the compensated measurements are compared with the uncompensated measurements obtained within the previously mentioned research

The study of "Loop" Markov Chains

The purpose of my research is the study of ”Loop” Markov Chains. This model contains several loops, which could be connected at several different points. The focal point of this thesis will be when these loops are connected at one single point. Inside each loop are finitely many points. If the process is currently at the position where all the loops are connected, it will stay at its current position or move to the first position in any loop with a positive probability. Once within the loop, the movement can be deterministic or random. We’ll consider the Optimal Stopping Problem for finding the optimal stopping set and the Spectral Analysis for our ”Loop” system. As a basis, we’ll start with the Elimination Algorithm and a modified version of the Elimination Algorithm. None of these algorithms are efficient enough for finding the optimal stopping set of our ”Loop” Markov Chain; therefore, I propose a second modification of the Elimination Algorithm, the Lift Algorithm. The ”Loop” Markov Chain will dictate which algorithm or combination of algorithms, would be appropriate to find the optimal set. The second part of this thesis will examine the Analysis of the Covariance Operator for our ”Loop” Markov Chain system

Intracellular pattern recognition receptors underlie inflammatory responses of glial cells to central nervous system pathogens

There is growing appreciation that the resident glial cells of the CNS, in particular microglia and astrocytes, are important participants in the generation of inflammation during brain infection. However, the mechanisms by which these cell types perceive and respond to microbial pathogens is only recently becoming apparent with the discovery of highly conserved families of pattern recognition receptors. In the current study we demonstrate that microglia and astrocytes express members of the NOD-like family of intracellular receptors. We demonstrate that the NOD2 pathway represents a functional mechanism by which these cells can augment the responses mediated by other families of pattern recognition receptors, specifically members of the Toll-like receptor family. Furthermore, we show that the NOD2 pathway contributes to the generation of potentially damaging inflammation in response to N. meningitidis and B. burgdorferi, both in vitro and in vivo, and that the elimination of this pathway results in a decrease in the production of important inflammatory mediators. Our additional studies involving viral infection of microglia and astrocytes highlight the potential of these cell types to respond to a variety of microbial types. Additionally, this work also demonstrated the replication-dependent nature of glial responses to vesicular stomatitis virus, a model of rabies, which points to the use of replication-dependent intracellular receptors such a Rig- I. Taken as a whole, this study implicates intracellular pattern recognition receptors as potentially important contributors to the glial immune responses within the CNS

Local public sector allocation of scarce emergency assets : an evaluation of the fire service.

The methodology utilized by public sector managers to allocate scarce resources determines the level, efficiency, and effectiveness of service delivery. These decisions are influenced by a myriad of factors, not the least of which is the ideal goal to distribute services in a fair and equitable manner. This ideal becomes problematic if service outcomes are important to public decision-makers, because the level of need for these resources is not spread equally across local jurisdictions. Therefore, when goods and services are located or distributed equally to all “customers,” many do not receive enough assistance and others receive more than they prefer. This causes inefficient service delivery that fails to maximize potential positive outcomes with the available limited resources. This is particularly true with the geographic distribution of fire service resources across most communities in this country. This research effort attempts to model the demographic characteristics that drive emergency service demand and workload across local jurisdictions. Specifically, data about demographic characteristics was collected at the Census block group level and compared to emergency response data collected by the Charlotte Fire Department. The findings from this effort are promising, as the bivariate correlation and multivariate regression analyses indicate that economic and structural factors common to all local communities can be used to confidently predict demand and workload on local public safety systems. Measuring these characteristics at the block group level permitted the opportunity to isolate homogenous groups within the population that have risk characteristics associated with more or less demand for these services. These findings provide a solid base to support the development of an alternative model for locating these critical emergency resources according to demand and workload to better meet the needs of individual communities