An Aquifer Reflections on Deep Clay Conditions for Water Quantity Assessments

This study aims to evaluate the on-site testing of deep clay area through the well response and aquifer reflection analysis. The analysis was conducted using AQTESOLV software on pumping and recovery data to determine the well responses and aquifer characteristics of deep clay area. A simple experimental model was installed at the site using deep well of REWES (Recharge Well System) model assists with four monitoring wells around the model. The monitoring wells were located at 4m, 10m, 20m and 35m from the model. The site has been identified identified to have the unconfined aquifer with deep compacted clay. Due to flatten and low flow, pumping analysis and ground water response were used to evaluate water quantity and potential prospective of circulate water cycle for urban stormwater management. As reflection on water cycle, almost 20% from withdrawal capacity able to refill the ground system with limited space. It was found that the available storage, S and hydraulic conductivity, K  of the clayey area are 0.001 and 32 m/day respectively. Therefore, the response on water cycle indicate some potential space to restore and withdrawal at peak time and thus, the  water can be used in safely conditions.&nbsp

Water balance: case study of a constructed wetland as part of the bio-ecological drainage system (BIOECODS)

The Bio-ecological Drainage System, or BIOECODS, is an urban drainage system located at the Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia. It consists of a constructed wetland as a part of the urban drainage system to carry storm water in a closed system. In this closed system, the constructed wetland was designed particularly for further treatment of storm water. For the purpose of studying the water balance of the constructed wetland, data collection was carrie

Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS) – Malaysian Experiences.

Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) have been used widely in USA, Europe, Japan and Australia to name a few developed countries

Challenges and developments of bioretention facilities in treating urban stormwater runoff; A review

Bioretention or rain garden is a preferable low impact development (LID) approach due to its characteristics which reflect natural water cycle processes. However, this system is still little understood and quite complicated in terms of design and implementation due to many technical considerations. Hence, this paper gives a review of the challenges and developments for the use of bioretention facilities to enhance its capabilities in attenuating peak flow and treating stormwater runoff particularly in urban areas. This paper reviews the main aspects of bioretention which are stormwater hydrologic, hydraulic and treatment performance. Some of the limitations during the implementation of this natural approach are highlighted in design configuration and the public perception towards this new approach. It is concluded that the bioretention approach is one of the sustainable solutions for stormwater management that can be applied either for individual systems or regional systems

Freundlich isotherm equilibrium equastions in determining effectiveness a low cost absorbent to heavy metal removal in wastewater (Leachate) at Teluk Kitang landfill, Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, Malaysia

Problem Statement: Landfill site at Kg. Teluk Kitang were fully utilized in around 14 years ago. The method adopted was not fit a right landfills which do not have the bottom of the landfill liner. In the absence of this liner layer leachate seepage occurs causing so bad. The presence of leachate into the soil can interfere with clean groundwater can cause heavy metal content increased and could endanger the human health of a long period of time. Removal of heavy metals such as Iron (Fe2+), Copper (Cu2+) and Zinc (Zn2+) from leachate was studied using granular activated carbon, fly ash, limestone and granular activated carbon mixture. Methods: The adsorption isotherm is an equilibrium test group will provide data for the substance adsorbed per unit weight of adsorbent to adsorbent amount remaining in the sample solution. The graph shows the adsorption isotherms of metal removal studied by looking at the coefficient of determination, R2. The slope of the linear plot line is also a good and suitable for testing by group. Kf value and 1 / n is obtained from the equation of linear plotted by comparing the equation obtained by the equation given. Value of 1 / n can be obtained from the slope and Kf values obtained with the antilog value of log Ce. Results: Of the isotherm plots, note the value of Kf, R2 and 1 / n for Iron metals are 0.53371, 0.9842 and 0,988, for zinc 3.0123, 0.8974 and 1.7461 and copper are 0.7227, 0.3867 and 0.0791. Conclusion: These values indicate the removal of the best metal to use GAC is for iron and zinc metal to have a better adsorption capacity (Kf value is greater)

Groundwater analysis for unconfined and clayey layer by using response surface methodology

Groundwater as a source of water stored in aquifers plays an important role in domestic use. However, excessive and uncontrolled water pump activities have side effects such as soil deposition and groundwater reduction. Therefore, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is an alternative method to optimize the time and quantity of groundwater pumps based on other wells water level changes. The analysis using Design Expert version 10 involves changing the water level at the main wells R1 and R5 with the monitoring of other wells at R2, R3, and R4 within 245 minutes with 48 samples. Based on 4 hours of pump test in different wells, it shows that groundwater production rates indirectly affect pump power factor, water level change, wells location, pump time, and infiltration of soil. R1 (1 hp) has a groundwater rate of 28.65 m3/day, while R5 (2 hp) with 103.63 m3/day. The selection of ANOVA Design-Expert model suitable for R1.R2, R3, R4 and R5 has been evaluated and shows that optimum time is 116.24 minutes (1 hour 55 minutes) for case 1 and 117.48 minutes (1-hour 57 minute) for case 2. In conclusion, this study provides best and suitable pumping time towards the water balance of groundwater. Hence, the reaction from environment and the influences of other factors play an important role in ensuring the continuous water supplement of groundwater