Венчурні інвестиції: сутність, форми, контрагенти

У статті досліджено генезис категорії "венчурні інвестиції", еволюцію форм організації венчурних інвестицій, конкретизовано специфіку інвесторів і реципієнтів венчурного капіталу

Physical activity in relation to motor performance, exercise capacity, sports participation, parental perceptions, and overprotection in school aged children with a critical congenital heart defect

OBJECTIVE: To depict objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), motor performance (MP), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), organized sports participation, parental perceptions of vulnerability and parenting style in children with a Critical Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD), and to explore whether these factors are associated with MVPA. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective observational cohort study in 62 7-10 years old children with a CCHD. RESULTS: On average, children with CCHD spent 64 min on MVPA per day (accelerometry), 61 % met the international WHO physical activity guideline. Only 12 % had >60 min of MVPA daily. Eighteen percent had a motor delay (movement-assessment-battery-for children-II) and 38 % showed a below average CRF (cardiopulmonary exercise test using the Godfrey ramp protocol). Seventy-seven percent participated in organized sports activities at least once a week. Twenty-one percent of the parents are classified as overprotective (parent protection scale) and 7.3 % consider their child as being vulnerable (child vulnerability scale). A significant positive association was found between MVPA and MP (rs = 0.359), CRF(V̇O 2peak/ml/kg: rs = 0.472 and W peak/kg: rs = 0.396) and sports participation (rs = 0.286). Children who were perceived as vulnerable by their parents showed a significantly lower MVPA (rs = -0.302). No significant associations were found between mean MVPA and parental overprotection. CONCLUSION: Even though the majority of school aged children with a CCHD is sufficiently active, counseling parents regarding the importance of sufficient MVPA and sports participation, especially in parents who consider their child being vulnerable, could be useful. Since motor delays can be detected at an early age, motor development could be an important target to improve exercise capacity and sports participation to prevent inactivity in children with a CCHD

Physical activity in relation to motor performance, exercise capacity, sports participation, parental perceptions, and overprotection in school aged children with a critical congenital heart defect

Objective: To depict objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), motor performance (MP), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), organized sports participation, parental perceptions of vulnerability and parenting style in children with a Critical Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD), and to explore whether these factors are associated with MVPA. Study design: A prospective observational cohort study in 62 7–10 years old children with a CCHD. Results: On average, children with CCHD spent 64 min on MVPA per day (accelerometry), 61 % met the international WHO physical activity guideline. Only 12 % had >60 min of MVPA daily. Eighteen percent had a motor delay (movement-assessment-battery-for children-II) and 38 % showed a below average CRF (cardiopulmonary exercise test using the Godfrey ramp protocol). Seventy-seven percent participated in organized sports activities at least once a week. Twenty-one percent of the parents are classified as overprotective (parent protection scale) and 7.3 % consider their child as being vulnerable (child vulnerability scale). A significant positive association was found between MVPA and MP (rs = 0.359), CRF(V̇O2peak/ml/kg: rs = 0.472 and Wpeak/kg: rs = 0.396) and sports participation (rs = 0.286). Children who were perceived as vulnerable by their parents showed a significantly lower MVPA (rs = −0.302). No significant associations were found between mean MVPA and parental overprotection. Conclusion: Even though the majority of school aged children with a CCHD is sufficiently active, counseling parents regarding the importance of sufficient MVPA and sports participation, especially in parents who consider their child being vulnerable, could be useful. Since motor delays can be detected at an early age, motor development could be an important target to improve exercise capacity and sports participation to prevent inactivity in children with a CCHD

The levels and predictors of physical activity engagement within the treatment seeking transgender population: a matched control study

Background: Physical activity has been found to alleviate mental health problems and could be beneficial for at-risk populations, such as transgender people. This study had three aims. First, to explore the amount of physical activity that treatment seeking transgender people engage in, and to compare this to matched cisgender people. Second, to determine whether there was a difference in physical activity depending on cross-sex hormone use. Third, to determine factors which predict physical activity among treatment seeking transgender people. Method: Transgender (n=360) and cisgender people (n=314) were recruited from the UK. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires about physical activity, symptoms of anxiety and depression, self-esteem, body satisfaction and transphobia. Results: Transgender people engaged in less physical activity than cisgender people. Transgender people who were on cross-sex hormones engaged in more physical activity than transgender people who were not. In transgender people on cross-sex hormones, high body satisfaction was the best statistical predictor of physical activity while high self-esteem was the best statistical predictor in people who were not. Conclusion: Transgender people are less active than cisgender people. Cross-sex hormone treatment appears to be able to indirectly increase physical activity within this population, which may be beneficial for mental well-being

Self-perceptions and physical activity in children with and without motor problems

Self-perceptions influence global self-esteem and intrinsic motivation for achievement behavior (e.g., physical activity). Physical activity is an important component of a healthy lifestyle. Participation in physical activity is preventive against obesity and positively influences mental health (e.g., global self-esteem). Although the importance is widely accepted, many children in Western society do not meet daily recommendations for physical activity. We investigated associations between physical activity, self-perceptions about physical activity (i.e., perceived athletic competence), and global self-esteem in children from kindergarten to grade 4 to provide vital information for intervention programs to enhance physical activity and, in turn, enhance global self-esteem. The results showed that physical activity, perceived athletic competence, and global self-esteem remained stable between kindergarten and grade 4. Global self-esteem was the same in boys and girls, while boys reported higher levels of perceived athletic competence and were more physically active than girls. The development of global self-esteem was significantly associated with perceived athletic competence and physical activity in girls, but not in boys. However, children need more than a just a positive evaluation of their own (general) athletic competence to be motivated to participate in daily activities. Also, how they value a task is argued to influence participation in daily activities. We therefore examined the development of, and associations between, self-perceptions and task values of fine motor competence, ball competence, and gross motor competence in the same group of elementary school children. Self-perceptions of fine motor competence and gross motor competence declined over time, while self-perceptions of ball competence remained stable. Girls perceived their fine motor competence higher than boys, while boys perceived their ball competence higher. Self-perceptions of gross motor competence were the same in boys and girls. Task values remained stable over time. Boys valued their ball competence higher than girls, but boys and girls valued their fine motor competence and gross motor competence equally. Children with motor problems perceived and valued their motor competence the same as typically developing children. If children experience problems in (learning) motor problems that significantly interfere with daily life and/or academic behavior, they can be diagnosed with (possible) developmental coordination disorder ((p)DCD). Children with (p)DCD are less physically active and have lower levels of perceived athletic competence than typically developing children. We investigated if training a group of pediatric physical therapists in providing specific, (mainly) positive, goal-specific, progress feedback would affect motor performance, self-perceptions, and physical activity in children with (p)DCD. Children were assessed at baseline, after 12 treatment sessions (trial end-point), and at 3-month follow-up.There were no differences between the intervention and the care-as-usual group on any of the outcome measures. In general, children improved their motor performance and increased their perceived athletic competence, global self-esteem, and perceived motor competence after 12 treatment sessions. This improvement was maintained at 3-month follow-up. Motor task values and physical activity remained unchanged for all children. However, we found large intra-group variability with regard to perceived athletic competence in children with (p)DCD. This large intra-group variability was also present in children who were clinically diagnosed as having DCD

Self-perceptions in Children with Probable Developmental Coordination Disorder with and without Overweight

Background Children with probable developmental coordination disorder (pDCD) experience motor problems that negatively influence their self-perceptions and increase the risk to develop overweight due to physical inactivity. Whether overweight in children with pDCD has an additional impact on their self-perceptions is unclear. Insight in this impact would provide vital information for diagnostics and interventions to enhance physical activity in children with pDCD and overweight. Aims Investigate differences in self-perceptions between children with pDCD and overweight (pDCD-O), children with pDCD without overweight (pDCD-NO), and typically developing children (TD). Methods and procedures A total of 366 children (188 boys/178 girls), aged between 7 and 13 years, participated in this study. Thirteen children were categorized as pDCD-O, 51 children as pDCD-NO, and 302 children as TD. Self-perceptions were assessed with the Self-Perception Profile for Children. Outcomes and results Children with pDCD-O perceived themselves lower in social acceptance than children with pDCD-NO and TD children. Children with pDCD-NO perceived themselves lower in athletic competence than TD children, but not than children with pDCD-O. No differences were found for perceived physical appearance and global self-esteem. Conclusions and implications Overweight has an additional negative impact on perceived social acceptance in children with pDCD

Self-perceptions in Children with Probable Developmental Coordination Disorder with and without Overweight

Background Children with probable developmental coordination disorder (pDCD) experience motor problems that negatively influence their self-perceptions and increase the risk to develop overweight due to physical inactivity. Whether overweight in children with pDCD has an additional impact on their self-perceptions is unclear. Insight in this impact would provide vital information for diagnostics and interventions to enhance physical activity in children with pDCD and overweight. Aims Investigate differences in self-perceptions between children with pDCD and overweight (pDCD-O), children with pDCD without overweight (pDCD-NO), and typically developing children (TD). Methods and procedures A total of 366 children (188 boys/178 girls), aged between 7 and 13 years, participated in this study. Thirteen children were categorized as pDCD-O, 51 children as pDCD-NO, and 302 children as TD. Self-perceptions were assessed with the Self-Perception Profile for Children. Outcomes and results Children with pDCD-O perceived themselves lower in social acceptance than children with pDCD-NO and TD children. Children with pDCD-NO perceived themselves lower in athletic competence than TD children, but not than children with pDCD-O. No differences were found for perceived physical appearance and global self-esteem. Conclusions and implications Overweight has an additional negative impact on perceived social acceptance in children with pDCD