IMPACT OF GRAVITY MODEL ON TRADE BETWEEN CHINA AND PAKISTAN: A CASE OF CPEC BETWEEN CHINA AND PAKISTAN

To find out the trade flow among different economies, the gravity model has been applied in various researches in different regions of the world. The present study has applied the Gravity model to analyze the bilateral trade patterns between China and Pakistan. The secondary panel data was collected from 2009 and 2018. The variables used in the study were Distance, Inflation, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and GDP per capita, Exchange Rate. The data was collected from the official websites of State Bank of Pakistan, the Pakistan Economic Survey, and the Pakistan Stock Exchange.  The fixed effect regression model was used for analysis. The results showed that the Distance, GDP growth, GDP per capita had an insignificant impact on the Trade Flow between China and Pakistan. The Exchange Rate and Inflation showed a positive and significant effect on trade between China and Pakistan. The results recommended that further studies should be done targeting other potential variables with different mediating and non-mediating roles. Keywords:Gravity Model Trade, CPE

STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB TINGKAT DASAR ANTARA KELAS A KECIL DI RA NURUL IMAN SAMPIT DENGAN KELAS A BESAR DI RA ASSANABIL BANJARMASIN

تعتبر الإستراتيجية فعالة إذا رقت الاهتمامات والقدرات لدى الطلبة. واستخدام الإستراتيجية المناسبة فيؤدي إلى العملية التعليمية الفعالة والممطئة. بناءً على هذا الوصف، اهتم الباحثون على اخيار الموضوع  وهو استراتيجية تعليم اللغة العربية لمستوى الأساسي في RA Nurul Iman Sampit وRA Assanabil Banjarmasin. وأما نوع البحث الذي تم إجراؤه في هذه الدراسة هو البحث الميداني، أي البحث الذي يتم إجراؤه بالذهاب مباشرة إلى الميدان، واستخدم فيه مدخل النوعي، أي جمع البيانات في بيئة طبيعية بقصد تفسير الظواهر التي تحدث. والنتيجة التي وحصلت بهذا البحث هي بصفتنا مدرسًا، نحن مطالبون بجعل الأنشطة التعليمية مريحة وفعالة وفقًا لشخصية الطلبة وأعمارهم، خاصة عملية تعليمية لمرحلة الطفولة المبكرة، هناك حاجة إلى استراتيجيات تتوافق مع شخصيتهم. كما هو معروف، أن الاستراتيجية المناسبة تؤدي إلى تحقيق أهداف التعليم المرجوة

Identification of Vermamoeba vermiformis and Tetramitus sp. Isolated from the Gills of Oreochromis sp. (Red Hybrid Tilapia)

This study is the first report of an infestation of amoeba in the gills of asymptomatic Oreochromis sp. from the Manir River, Terengganu, Malaysia. The results confirmed the presence of two species of amoeba, Vermamoeba vermiformis and Tetratmitus sp., based on the 18 ribosomal RNA gene sequences with 99% sequence similarity. Morphological observations using light and scanning electron microscopy supported the findings, demonstrating both amoeba species' specific features and locomotions. In the trophozoite stage, the mean size of V. vermiformis in the locomotive form was between 25.55 µm in length and 4.17 µm in width. The mean size of Tetramitus sp. was 20.96 µm in length and 8.66 µm in width. The diameter of the cyst for V. vermiformis was 4.67 µm and Tetramitus sp. was 3.37 µm. V. vermiformis was characterized by cylindrical trophozoites and single monopodial morphology. Tetramitus sp. showed a limax-type and various cell shapes. Infestation of the amoeba was also confirmed by histopathological observation in the lamella region with distinct amoeba characteristics compared to the lamellae's epithelial tissue. These findings revealed the presence of V. vermiformis and Tetramitus sp. infestation in the gills of Oreochromis sp. and its potential pathogenic activity, whilst the symbiosis interaction in Oreochromis sp. is still unidentified

Factors Affecting Part-time Students Performance in Pakistan

This research is concerned about part-time student performance within higher educational institutions in Pakistan. Part-time students contain a significant share of the student population. In the perspective of working students as part-time studying, there are some significant factors that should be considered seriously to perform well. This research was examined to find the relationship of soft skills (motivation to learn, stress, time management) among part time-students’ performance in south Punjab of Pakistan. Primary data was collected from a sample of 140 part-time enrolled students. Correlation and regression analysis were tested in this research. The result showed that time management was the most significant factor of student performance. Same as stress has significant but negative correlation with student performance. The study concluded that these soft skills have significant importance with the part-time working student performance

Green Production and Structural Evaluation of Maize Starch–Fatty Acid Complexes Through High Speed Homogenization

© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The current study describes the production of maize starch–fatty acid complexes through high speed homogenization, a novel field of research, without heat or any chemical treatment. The starch–fatty acid complexes were produced with three different fatty acids, i.e. stearic acid (T1), palmitic acid (T2) and lauric acid (T3). The complexes were analyzed through various techniques. The results reveal that the complexing index (CI), swelling power (SP) and solubility (S) for T1 were significantly higher compared to T2 and T3. In X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, relatively lower crystalline (V-type pattern) structures were obtained for the samples T1–T3, where T2 showed the highest crystallinity amongst all. Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra showed characteristic bands i.e., OH, C=O, C–O and long-chain CH2 functionalities thus confirming the overall incorporation of acids into glycoside moieties. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed sub-crystalline matrix structures with fewer or no spherulites indicating the overall incorporation of acids in starch. The samples showed relatively low thermal stability in the thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) in the range of 180 to 280 °C. These results suggest that high speed homogenization had the potential for the development of green and biocompatible maize starch–fatty acid complexes

Covid-19 pandemic in the lens of food safety and security

The recently emerged coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which has been characterised as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), is impacting all parts of human society including agriculture, manufacturing, and tertiary sectors involving all service provision industries. This paper aims to give an overview of potential host reservoirs that could cause pandemic outbreak caused by zoonotic transmission. Amongst all, continues surveillance in slaughterhouse for possible pathogens transmission is needed to prevent next pandemic outbreak. This paper also summarizes the potential threats of pandemic to agriculture and aquaculture sector that control almost the total food supply chain and market. The history lesson from the past, emerging and reemerging infectious disease including the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2002, Influenza A H1N1 (swine flu) in 2009, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012 and the recent COVID-19 should give us some clue to improve especially the governance to be more ready for next coming pandemic

Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Parental Influence in Choosing a University Major for Native and Non-Native Canadiens

There are vast academic literature on why and how students make the decision to choose a specific university major. The academic literature suggests that students choose university majors for various reasons such as economic benefit, job market growth, and genuine interest. However, there is limited research associated with the influence that parents and family may play in the decision-making process and whether cultural background plays a role in decision making. This study is a quantitative study that looks at whether parental or familial influence is a factor that affects the decision-making process of choosing a university major. The study looks specifically at whether parents and children born outside of Canada display more parental influence in choosing a major compared to native Canadian born parents and children. The data was collected at the University of Windsor through an online survey distributed to all undergraduate students. The findings suggest a moderate correlation of parental influence on the decision-making process of choosing a university major when controlling for factors of parental birth, childbirth and fluency in their native language. Furthermore, the data suggested that native-born parents are less likely to influence children compared to non-native born parents. The findings suggest that parental influence is a factor that is associated with students’ decision-making process of choosing a major. However, the data is limited as there was not enough adequate cases to analyze and so a concrete conclusion is problematic. Nevertheless, this study shows the underlying cultural values associated with parents influence in the choosing of a university major

Money Management Skills Development of Children with Mild Intellectual Disabilities through Blended Learning Instructional Design versus Conventional Teaching

One of the major purposes of education is to equip people with disabilities with all the skills required to live as independently as possible in their community. Money management skill is one of the important skill of independent living skill. The objective of the study was to enhance the money management skills of children with mild intellectual disabilities through blended learning instructional design and a comparison of the effectiveness of blended learning instructional design vs conventional teaching methods. All 8-12 years old children with mild intellectual disabilities studying in semi-government and government schools in Rawalpindi were the population of the study. The two stages were followed to get the sample of 26 students. In the experimental group, about 13 students received intervention using a station rotation model of blended learning instructional design, while the control group received conventional teaching Pre-tests were administered to both groups and after a two-week intervention, post-tests were conducted. Independent t-tests and paired sample t-tests were used to analyse the results. The findings revealed that blended learning instructional design was effective in teaching money management skill development. It also indicated that children who received instruction in money management through blended learning performed significantly better than those who received conventional teaching. It was recommended that to teach functional mathematical skills, a blended learning instructional design should be used