Research in structures, structural dynamics and materials, 1989

Topics addressed include: composite plates; buckling predictions; missile launch tube modeling; structural/control systems design; optimization of nonlinear R/C frames; error analysis for semi-analytic displacement; crack acoustic emission; and structural dynamics

The study of air fuel ratio for open furnace MILD combustion of biogas on bluff-body burner

Economical fuel cost is very critical in the heating industry. Lean combustion with high air fuel ratio (AFR) is normally practiced by the industry. Low air fuel ratio or rich combustion will result in unburned hydrocarbons (UHC). UHC is a waste and pollution to the environment. This paper discussed on the modelling of air fuel ratio for the moderate and intense low oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion of biogas on bluff-body burner. Biogas is a low calorific value (LCV) gas which was formulated by using 50% methane, 20% hydrogen and 30% carbon dioxide. AFR is the ratio of air and fuel injected to the combustion chamber. Nozzle outlet size for air and fuel plays important role to determine AFR. In this study, the air and fuel nozzle size ratio used is 23:1. The AFR will be evaluated based on the UHC produced by the combustion. Stoichiometric AFR occurred when zero UHC and zero excess oxygen flow through the EGR pipe. The result shows that when AFR is 4.0, zero UHC was detected in the EGR. UHC in EGR will be waste and create unwanted combustion at the wrong location

Formulation of Liquorice Root Extract (Glycyrrhiza Glabra L.) as Skin Whitening Cream

Liquorice root extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) contains glabridin, an isoflavane as inhibitors of tyrosinase. This enzyme is responsible in melanin synthesis. The aim of this research was to determine the tyrosinase inhibition activity of liquorice root extract and to formulate into a cream with a variety of emulsifier agent glyceryl monostearate. Liquorice root was macerated using ethanol 96%, invitro tyrosinase inhibition assay was conducted using kojic acid as positive control in 96-well plate. The physical quality parameters of the cream were also evaluated. The results showed that liquorice root extract inhibits tyrosinase with the IC50 126.75 µg/mL. Creams containing 1.01% liquorice root extract were yellowish white, aromatics odour, soft texture, homogen and no segregation in O/W emulsion type. It also showed plastic thixotropic rheological property, viscosity of (2800±0.00) – (4000±0.00) Ps, spreadability of (3029.72±0.81) – (3531.79±6.15)mm2, droplet size of (60.00±0.00) – (65.12±0.01)μm, pH of (4.55±0.03)–(4.63±0.04) and inhibited tyrosinase 10.14 - 19.30%. It can be concluded that the formula with 0.1% of glyceryl monostearate was the best formula that conforms physical quality test and potentially to be developed as a skin whitening cream

High fidelity full sized human patient simulation manikins: Effects on decision making skills of nursing students

Background: The continued use of high fidelity full sized human patient simulation manikins (HF-HPSMs) for developing decision making skills of nursing students has led to growing research focusing its value on student learning and decision making skills. Methods: In October 2012, a cross-sectional survey using the 24-item Nurse Decision-Making Instrument was used to explore the decision making process of 232 pre-registration nursing students (age 22.0 + 5.4; 83.2% female) in Singapore. Results: The independent samples t-tests demonstrated three significant predictive indicators. These indicators include: prior experience in high fidelity simulation based on pre-enrolled nursing course (t = 70.6, p = .001), actual hands-on practice (t = 69.66, p < .005) and active participation in debrief (t = 70.11, p < .005). A complete experience based on role-playing followed by active discussion in debrief was a significant contributor to the decision making process (t = 73.6667, p < .005). However, the regression model indicated active participation in debrief as a significant variable which explained its development (t = 12.633, p < .005). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the usefulness of active participation in simulation learning for an analytic- intuitive approach to decision making, however active participation in debrief was a more important influencing element than role-playing. In situations where resources are limited for students to experience hands-on role-playing, peer reviewing and feedback on others’ experiences could benefit students, just as much. However, further study is warranted to determine the development of HF-HPSMs as a pedagogic tool for enhancing the decision making process of nursing students

Konsepsi Penggantian Kerugian Atas Pemberian Izin Mendirikan Bangunan (Imb) yang Tidak Sesuai dengan Rtrw (Kajian terhadap Pasal 37 Undang-undang No.26 Tahun 2007 Tentang Penataan Ruang)

Pasal 37 Ayat (4),(5) dan (8) Undang-undang No.26 Tahun 2007 Tentang Penataan Ruang mengatakan bahwa IMB harus mengikuti konsep perencanaan yang tertera pada Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) di setiap daerah dan apabila diketahui IMB tersebut melanggar RTRW maka harus dibatalkan dan dimungkinkan adanya pemberian ganti rugi atas pembatalan IMB tersebut. Fenomena yang terjadi saat ini adalah belum jelas dan belum konkretnya aturan yang ada terkait dengan konsepsi ganti rugi sehingga menyulitkan pihak-pihak yang ingin mengajukan upaya hukum melalui sarana hukum yang paling tepat dan efisien. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, penulis menawarkan sarana hukum administrasi karena dianggap yang paling efektif dan jelas dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan IMB yang dilakukan pembatalan, dikarenakan IMB merupakan Keputusan Tata Usaha Negara (KTUN) yang apabila bermasalah sudah terakomodasi di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara, sesuai dengan kompetensinya dan yang paling penting adalah gugatan yang dilakukan, terhadap subjek kewenangan yaitu pejabatnya bukan pribadi dari pejabat tersebut yang bertanggung jawab terhadap kesalahan-kesalahan yang berkaitan dengan ketidaksesuaiannya IMB dengan RTRW. Maka, penulis mengusulkan konsepsi penggantian atas kerugian yang diderita oleh investor atau masyarakat dengan melalui mekanisme penggantian yang dibebankan pada pemerintah daerah melalui Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD). Sehingga diharapkan dapat mengembalikan hakikat tujuan dan manfaat dari IMB.Kata Kunci : Izin Mendirikan Bangunan (IMB), Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW), Upaya Hukum Administrasi, Ganti Rugi

Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Mahasiswa pada Tugas Berweblog Mikrobiologi

The science which discussed microbes is a part of the important concept in learning that implemented in curriculum 2013. To achieve national goals where students can critical, this research aims to analyze the critical thinking ability of students on courses of microbiology. Research methods a descriptive method which describe the phenomena of comment on the article through weblog about microbe daily life. There were 41st task had been commented on web. Then from the 41st, the 5th of article with commented were taken by purposive sampling technique to analyses critical response of the writer on comments. The results showed that, the writer able to argue with the reason, to observe and judge observation report, consider the credibility of a source, make deduction and the result of deduction, determine the term and judge the definition of the use of certain criteria (identify assumption). But, the writers haven't been able to follow problem solving and metacognition, nor the sensitive in feeling and the same rhetoric in discussion and presentation. It was concluded that critical thinking skills students, still within the aspect on clarification to make decisions about belief or action

When the World Came to Banten

This paper aims to demonstrate that pluralism has always been part and parcel of ordinary human lives in Indonesia, and that is was the normmas far back as the sixteenth to seventeenth centuries when Muslim power was at its height in Java and the rest of the archipelago, long before themadvent of European colonial-capitalism and long before the decline ofmMuslim political-economic power. It hopes to provide a counterfactual argument that shows that cosmopolitanism and pluralism were indeed part of daily political-economic life then, and that Indonesian Muslims were in fact able to live in such a cosmopolitan environment where pluralism was not regarded as a threat or a reason for mass-scale moral panic. The opposite was the case that when Muslim economic-political power was at its height in Java, Javanese Muslims were at their most accommodating and welcoming towards foreigners of diverse ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious backgrounds. In order to highlight such pluralism evidence, our reference will be the work of the writer Johann Theodorus de Bry, whose work Icones Indiae Orientalis was published in 1601