Natural liftings of vector fields to tangent bundles of bundles of 11-forms

summary:Natural liftings $D:I\rightarrow ITT^*$ are classified for $n\geq 2$. It is proved that they form a 5-parameter family of operators

Efektifitas Standar Prosedur Operasional Terhadap Penurunan Waktu Tunggu Operasi Elektif Di Rumah Sakit Umum

This research used quasi-experimental design with pre and post test design. Then, for the method used in this research was pre and post intervention which analyze the primer data and secondary data. Furthermore, the research also used descriptive approach to compare the result of pre and post the standard operating procedure was socialized. This research used 52 people as the sample. The research about waiting time of elective surgery and find the main problem bring in the chosen solution by the researcher which is this solution showed the result of the comparison in pre and post socialization the standard operating procedure that increases about 25%. This comparison showed that there is an enhancement of the number of staffs in the operating room who could performance the surgery on time and also showed the reduction number of waiting time in elective surgery

Level of Motivation and Adoption of Innovation at Pig Farming in Southwest Sumba Regency

The development of pig farming aims to support the economy of the people in the Southwest Sumba Regency. Pigs in this area have a very high cultural value, so they have promising potential and prospects in the future. The problem is that the maintenance system is still semi-extensive and tends to be traditional. This situation can be related to the motive in trying and efforts to adopt an innovation. This study aimed to analyze the level of motivation and the factors that influence the adoption of innovation in raising pigs. The research method used a survey method with direct observation in the field. They are determining the area using the multistage cluster random sampling method obtained from sample sub-districts, namely Tambolaka District (Tambolaka City and Wee Londa) and South Wewewa District (Tena Teke Village and Delo). The research material was 120 pig farmers taken by purposive random sampling. The measured variables include the motivation to raise livestock using a Likert scale and factors influencing innovation adoption using multiple linear regression tests. The software used is Eviews 10. The study results show that: 1) Most of the pig breeders in Southwest Sumba Regency are based on high economic, social, and entertainment motives in pig farming. 2) The regression results show that the variables that have a significant effect on the level of adoption with a prob value below the significant level of 0.05 are the variables of motivation and access to information. While the variables that have no significant effect on the level of innovation adoption with a prob value above the significant level of 0.05 are the variables of age, education level, family dependents, livestock experience, number of livestock, and accessibility. This study concludes that business motives and adoption of innovations affect the success or failure of pig-rearing businesses in the Southwest Sumba district

In-hospital safety in field conditions of Nifurtimox Eflornithine Combination Therapy (NECT) for T. B. Gambiense Sleeping Sickness

Trypanosoma brucei (T.b.) gambiense Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT; sleeping sickness) is a fatal disease. Until 2009, available treatments for 2(nd) stage HAT were complicated to use, expensive (eflornithine monotherapy), or toxic, and insufficiently effective in certain areas (melarsoprol). Recently, nifurtimox-eflornithine combination therapy (NECT) demonstrated good safety and efficacy in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) and was added to the World Health Organisation (WHO) essential medicines list (EML). Documentation of its safety profile in field conditions will support its wider use

No ecological opportunity signal on a continental scale?:Diversification and life-history evolution of african true toads (Anura: Bufonidae)

The niche-filling process predicted by the “ecological opportunity” (EO) model is an often-invoked mechanism for generating exceptional diversity in island colonizers. Whether the same process governs lineage accumulation and trait disparity during continental colonization events is less clear. Here, we test this prediction by investigating the rate dynamics and trait evolution of one of Africa's most widespread amphibian colonizers, the true toads (Bufonidae). By reconstructing the most complete molecular phylogeny of African Bufonidae to date, we find that the diversification of lineages in Africa best conforms to a constant rate model throughout time and across subclades, with little support for EO. Evolutionary rates of life-history traits have similarly been constant over time. However, an analysis of generalists and specialists showed a shift toward higher speciation rates associated with habitat specialization. The overall lack of EO signal can be interpreted in a number of ways and we propose several explanations. Firstly, methodological issues might preclude the detection of EO. Secondly, colonizers might not experience true EO conditions and due to the size, ecological heterogeneity and age of landmasses, the diversification processes might be more complex. Thirdly, lower speciation rates of habitat generalists may have affected overall proliferation of lineages

The comparative analysis of agronomic, compositional, and physiological traits of miraculin transgenic tomato in the confined field trial

The miraculin transgenic tomato is a genetically modified (GM) crop that can be used as an alternative for low calories food and a natural non-sugar sweetener. Before the release and distribution, transgenic crop needs to go through an environmental risk assessment (ERA) as a backbone to achieve biosafety. Comparative analysis is a general principle of ERA to identify differences between transgenic crop and its non-transgenic counterpart which may indicate substantial equivalence and unintended effects. This experiment was aimed to compare the agronomic, compositional, and physiological characteristics of miraculin transgenic tomato cv. Moneymaker with non-transgenic tomato. The data obtained were plant height, stem diameter, relative growth rate, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, days to 50% flowering, days to fruit maturity, a number of flowers per cluster, a number of fruits per cluster, a number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit diameter, harvest index, total dissolved solids, fructose, glucose, and sucrose contents, and total carotenoids, lycopene, and β-carotene contents. This study found that there were no significant differences between miraculin transgenic and non-transgenic tomato in all variables observed. It suggests that miraculin transgenic tomato is equivalent to its counterpart and unintended effects are not detected as

The murine meninges acquire lymphoid tissue properties and harbour autoreactive B cells during chronic <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> infection

The meningeal space is a critical brain structure providing immunosurveillance for the central nervous system (CNS), but the impact of infections on the meningeal immune landscape is far from being fully understood. The extracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, which causes human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness, accumulates in the meningeal spaces, ultimately inducing severe meningitis and resulting in death if left untreated. Thus, sleeping sickness represents an attractive model to study immunological dynamics in the meninges during infection. Here, by combining single-cell transcriptomics and mass cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) with in vivo interventions, we found that chronic T. brucei infection triggers the development of ectopic lymphoid aggregates (ELAs) in the murine meninges. These infection-induced ELAs were defined by the presence of ER-TR7+ fibroblastic reticular cells, CD21/35+ follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), CXCR5+ PD1+ T follicular helper-like phenotype, GL7+ CD95+ GC-like B cells, and plasmablasts/plasma cells. Furthermore, the B cells found in the infected meninges produced high-affinity autoantibodies able to recognise mouse brain antigens, in a process dependent on LTβ signalling. A mid-throughput screening identified several host factors recognised by these autoantibodies, including myelin basic protein (MBP), coinciding with cortical demyelination and brain pathology. In humans, we identified the presence of autoreactive IgG antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of second stage HAT patients that recognised human brain lysates and MBP, consistent with our findings in experimental infections. Lastly, we found that the pathological B cell responses we observed in the meninges required the presence of T. brucei in the CNS, as suramin treatment before the onset of the CNS stage prevented the accumulation of GL7+ CD95+ GC-like B cells and brain-specific autoantibody deposition. Taken together, our data provide evidence that the meningeal immune response during chronic T. brucei infection results in the acquisition of lymphoid tissue-like properties, broadening our understanding of meningeal immunity in the context of chronic infections. These findings have wider implications for understanding the mechanisms underlying the formation ELAs during chronic inflammation resulting in autoimmunity in mice and humans, as observed in other autoimmune neurodegenerative disorders, including neuropsychiatric lupus and multiple sclerosis.</p