Scale modeling of an appearance of downwash pattern of hot smoke ejected from chimney in the turbulent cross flow

This study aims to elucidate the scaling law to provide the critical condition on appearance of the downwash pattern of the hot smoke ejected from a chimney in a turbulent cross flow. A specially designed wind tunnel with an active turbulence generator developed by Makita was adopted to offer a quasi-isotropic turbulence field in a lab-scale test facility. A heated jet with smoke is issued into the cross flow from the vertically oriented chimney placed in the test section of the wind tunnel. In this study, the experimental parameters considered are temperature of the heated jet (smoke), jet ejected velocity, and cross-wind velocity, respectively. In the previous work, only two-patterns were observed under the condition studied in quasi-isotropic turbulence condition, such as meandering motion in downstream (Mode V) and downwash (Mode VI). The boundary of these two modes is found to be sensitive to all three parameters, suggesting that all are similarly important to determine the boundary. The observed data are summarized in the physical plane of Reynolds number and modified jet-Froude number, and it was found that all plots are collapsed into the single line. This result suggests that the viscous effect around the chimney plays a role on the appearance of downwash pattern of the hot smoke. It is necessary to check whether the scaling law would work even though the larger scale is imposed, whose Reynolds number based on the chimney scale is large enough and viscous force becomes less important

TREATMENT OF TUBERCUROSIS WITH METHYL-PROMIZOLE

Article信州大學紀要 1(1): 51-62(1951)departmental bulletin pape

Altered functional organization within the insular cortex in adult males with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: evidence from connectivity-based parcellation

Determination of the optimal number of clusters based on VI and MI in intracalcarine cortex. The intracalcarine cortex was selected as a control region. The VI and MI values are shown for every clustering solution for k values ranging from 2 to 10. Arrows indicate either local minima of VI or local maxima of MI. Dashed lines denote the optimal number of solutions as determined using both VI and MI. The error bars denote standard errors of the mean for 100 repetitions of the split-half procedure (see the “Estimation of the optimal number of clusters” section). “n.s.” indicates no statistically significant difference between points. (PDF 334 kb

The right temporoparietal junction during a cooperation dilemma: An rTMS study

Cooperation enhances interpersonal communication and nurtures society. However, efforts to socially cooperate may often evoke conflict. Individuals may selfishly pursue a greater reward or success by exploiting the efforts of other individuals or taking unnecessary risk to oneself. Such a cooperation dilemma is highly prevalent in real life; thus, it has been studied in various disciplines. Although published functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown the involvement of the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) in resolving a dilemma through cooperation, a causal relationship between the two has rarely been explored. Hence, we investigated this issue by combining repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with a priority game task (modified snowdrift game). In this game task, participants and opponent players jointly faced a problem whereby their collaboration was anticipated to defuse the situation. This conflicted with a choice in the participant's self-interest that was more rewarding but risky. We further included conditions with and without explicit social cues using figures describing elderly/pregnant passengers in the game opponent's car, and measured participants' prosocial traits to examine any cue-induced effect as well as the personality-cooperation relationship, respectively. The cooperation ratio was not statistically different in both the no-cue and with-cue conditions between the sham stimulation and inhibitory continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS). However, after cTBS, in the no-cue condition, the strength of the association between cooperation ratio and empathy traits decreased significantly. These results add to our knowledge about the right TPJ's role in social cognition, which may be extraordinarily complex. This topic is deserving of further examination

An fMRI Study of an Abnormal Neurovascular Response in the Right Premotor Cortex during Inner Speech and the Relationship to Auditory Hallucinations in Patients with Schizophrenia

There is evidence for sensory and cognitive impairments at multiple levels in schizophrenia, which may be related to the clinical symptoms of the condition. Inner speech involves both auditory and language systems and dysfunction of inner speech and may be associated with auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine this association by measuring brain activation in 23 patients with schizophrenia and 23 healthy control individuals. The participants performed an auditory verbal working memory task that required inner speech in the form of subvocal rehearsal. The control participants showed prominent activation in the inferior frontal cortex (IFC), premotor cortex (PMC), superior temporal cortex (STC), and lateral parietal cortex (LPC) bilaterally, throughout the task. In contrast, patients with schizophrenia showed significant activation in STC bilaterally during encoding phase and in the IFC, PMC, STC, and LPC bilaterally during the recognition phase. A comparison between groups showed that controls had greater activation during rehearsal in the IFC, LPC, and PMC bilaterally than patients with schizophrenia. In the region-of-interest analysis, we observed a significant negative correlation between right PMC activation and Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale scores as well as the hallucination item in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. These observations indicate that inner speech is impaired in schizophrenia and that the severity of auditory hallucinations is associated with abnormal activation in the right PMC during inner speech

北太平洋亜寒帯前線の十年規模変動に対する大気応答の季節性

日本気象学会2011年度春季大会（2011年5月18日～21日, 国立オリンピック記念青少年総合センター） / 発表番号: B30

北太平洋亜寒帯前線の十年規模変動 : 変動機構と大気循環場の応答

要旨 ; 2012年度日本海洋学会春季大会（2012年3月26日～30日, 筑波大学） ; シンポジウムE「黒潮・親潮とその続流域での海洋変動と大気海洋相互作用

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Two genetic variants of CD38 in subjects with autism spectrum disorder and controls

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系The neurobiological basis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains poorly understood. Given the role of CD38 in social recognition through oxytocin (OT) release, we hypothesized that CD38 may play a role in the etiology of ASD. Here, we first examined the immunohistochemical expression of CD38 in the hypothalamus of post-mortem brains of non-ASD subjects and found that CD38 was colocalized with OT in secretory neurons. In studies of the association between CD38 and autism, we analyzed 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mutations of CD38 by re-sequencing DNAs mainly from a case-control study in Japan, and Caucasian cases mainly recruited to the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE). The SNPs of CD38, rs6449197 (p 70; designated as high-functioning autism (HFA)) in the U.S. 104 AGRE family trios, but not with Japanese 188 HFA subjects. A mutation that caused tryptophan to replace arginine at amino acid residue 140 (R140W; (rs1800561, 4693C>T)) was found in 0.6-4.6% of the Japanese population and was associated with ASD in the smaller case-control study. The SNP was clustered in pedigrees in which the fathers and brothers of T-allele-carrier probands had ASD or ASD traits. In this cohort OT plasma levels were lower in subjects with the T allele than in those without. One proband with the T allele who was taking nasal OT spray showed relief of symptoms. The two variant CD38 poloymorphysms tested may be of interest with regard of the pathophysiology of ASD. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society