The Relationship Between the Sersic Law Profiles Measured Along the Major and Minor Axes of Elliptical Galaxies

In this paper we discuss the reason why the parameters of the Sersic model best-fitting the major axis light profile of elliptical galaxies can differ significantly from those derived for the minor axis profile. We show that this discrepancy is a natural consequence of the fact that the isophote eccentricity varies with the radius of the isophote and present a mathematical transformation that allows the minor axis Sersic model to be calculated from the major axis model, provided that the elliptical isophotes are aligned and concentric and that their eccentricity can be represented by a well behaved, though quite general, function of the radius. When there is no variation in eccentricity only the effective radius changes in the Sersic model, while for radial-dependent eccentricity the transformation which allows the minor axis Sersic model to be calculated from the major axis model is given by the Lerch Phi transcendental function. The proposed transformation was tested using photometric data for 28 early-type galaxies.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, LaTex with mn2e.cls. Accepted to MNRA

Efeitos de memoria em osciladores quanticos

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciencias Fisicas e Matematicas2012-10-16T04:51:04

Risk of Hypothermia in a New Olympic Event: the 10-km Marathon Swim

INTRODUCTION: There are no available data addressing the potential clinical risks of open-water swimming competitions. OBJECTIVE: Address the risks of hypothermia and hypoglycemia during a 10-km open-water swimming competition in order to alert physicians to the potential dangers of this recently-introduced Olympic event. METHODS: This was an observational cross-sectional study, conducted during a 10-km open-water event (water temperature 21ºC). The highest ranked elite open-water swimmers in Brazil (7 men, 5 women; ages 21±7 years old) were submitted to anthropometrical measurements on the day before competition. All but one athlete took maltodextrine ad libitum during the competition. Core temperature and capillary glycemia data were obtained before and immediately after the race. RESULTS: Most athletes (83%) finished the race with mild to moderate hypothermia (core temperature <35ºC). The body temperature drop was more pronounced in female athletes (4.2±0.7ºC vs. male: 2.7±0.8ºC; p=0.040). When data from the athlete who did not take maltodextrine was excluded, capillary glycemia increased among athletes (pre 86.6±8.9 mg/dL; post 105.5±26.9 mg/dL; p=0.014). Time to complete the race was inversely related to pre- competition body temperature in men (r=-0.802; p=0.030), while it was inversely correlated with the change in capillary glycemia in women (r=-0.898; p=0.038). CONCLUSION: Hypothermia may occur during open-water swimming events even in elite athletes competing in relatively warm water. Thus, core temperature must be a chief concern of any physician during an open-water swim event. Capillary glycemia may have positive effects on performance. Further studies that include more athletes in a controlled setting are warranted

The burden of physical inactivity for the public health care system in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To update the estimated cost of physical inactivity for the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). METHODS: The hospitalization costs were accessed via a database of the Ministry of Health – Informatics Department of the Brazilian SUS. Physical inactivity for the year 2017 was accessed via the Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel – Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey). Seven chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) were selected via the international classification of disease (ICD-10). The population fraction attributable to physical inactivity was calculated based on relative risk reported in previous studies and the prevalence of physical inactivity. RESULTS: In 2017, the seven NCD considered in the analysis were responsible for 154,017 hospital admissions in adults older than 40 years old, residing in the state capitals and the Federal District, which corresponded to 6.5% of hospitalizations and 10.6% of SUS costs at an estimated US$112,524,914.47. Considering the group of individuals with insufficient physical activity in their leisure time, the percentage cost attributed to physical inactivity reached 17.4$ 482 million, from which 17.4%, US$ 83 million were attributed to physical inactivity. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence to conclude that physical inactivity exerts an economic impact on the SUS due to NCD hospitalization. Physical inactivity is a modifiable lifestyle and compelling evidence, including that of this article, supports the promotion of a more active community as one of the major targets of public health care policies

Pudendal nerve latency time in normal women via intravaginal stimulation

INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES: Studies of motor conduction for the efferent functional assessment of the pudendal nerve in women with pelvic dysfunctions have been conducted through researching distal motor latency times. The transrectal approach has been the classic approach for this electrophysiological examination. The objective of the present study is to verify the viability of the transvaginal approach in performing the exam, to establish normal values for this method and to analyze the influence of age, stature and parity in the latency value of normal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 23 volunteers without genitourinary pathologies participated in this study. In each, pudendal motor latency was investigated through the transvaginal approach, which was chosen due to patient s higher tolerance levels. RESULTS: The motor response represented by registering the M-wave was obtained in all volunteers on the right side (100%) and in 13 volunteers on the left side (56.5%). The mean motor latency obtained in the right and left was respectively: 1.99 ± 0.41 and 1.92 ± 0.48 milliseconds (ms). There was no difference between the sides (p = 0.66). Latency did not correlate with age, stature or obstetric history. The results obtained in the present study were in agreement with those found by other researchers using the transrectal approach. CONCLUSION: The vaginal approach represents an alternative for pudendal nerve distal motor latency time, with similar results to those achieved through the transrectal approach. Normative values obtained herein might serve as a comparative basis for subsequent physiopathological studies.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Departments of Urology and NeurologyUNIFESP, EPM, Departments of Urology and NeurologySciEL

Eletroneurografia do nervo facial: variabilidade em indivíduos normais

Twenty normal individuals were submitted to facial nerve electroneurography using different techniques in order to determine the most accurate to obtain the latencies and amplitudes of the compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) of the facial muscles. First of all it was determined in which muscle or muscle group highest amplitude CMAP could be recorded with the lowest variability between sides and in test-retest. Different techniques were studied in order to determine which could give the best results. This was shown to be an arrangement of bipolar surface electrodes fixed to a plastic bar. The records with higher amplitude where obtained from the nasolabial fold muscles. Therefore 65 normal volunteers were examined using this technique and recording the potentials obtained over the nasolabial fold muscles. Normal values were determined (latency lower than 4.5 ms and amplitude larger than 2 mV - 95% confidence limits).Vinte voluntários normais foram submetidos a eletroneurografia do nervo facial utilizando-se diferentes técnicas para a determinação da mais acurada para a obtenção das latências e amplitudes do potencial de ação muscular composto (CMAP) dos músculos faciais. Inicialmente determinou-se em qual músculo ou grupo muscular registra-se CMAP com maior amplitude e menor variabilidade entre lados e entre testes, assim como determinou-se qual técnica proporcionou melhores resultados. A que mostrou melhores resultados foi realizada com eletrodos de superfície bipolares de discos fixos em barra de plástico e os melhores registros foram obtidos nos músculos do sulco nasolabial. A seguir 65 voluntários normais foram estudados com esta técnica registrando-se os potenciais nos músculos do sulco nasolabial e foram determinados os valores normais para a latência (menor que 4,5 ms) e amplitude (acima de 2 mV).Federal University of São Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicin Clinical Neurophysiology LaboratoryUNIFESP, Escola Paulista de Medicin Clinical Neurophysiology LaboratorySciEL

Qualidade de sementes de algodâo submetidas aos procesos de encapsulamento com e sem corante

Objetivou-se estudar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de algodão quando submetidas aos processos de encapsulamento com e sem corante em comparação com as sementes apenas tratadas com fungicidas (carboxin e thiran 200 Sc) e inseticida (pirimiphos methyl) - testemunha. A betoneira grande (capacidade de 40 L) recebeu sementes deslintadas + tratadas para serem submetidas ao processo de encapsulação (coating e finishing) com e sem corante, além de uma testemunha não encapsulada, estabelecendo-se os seguintes tratamentos: 1- sementes deslintadas e tratadas com fungicidas (carboxin e thiran 200 Sc) e inseticidas (pirimiphos methyl) (testemunha); 2- sementes deslintadas, tratadas e encapsuladas (coating e finishing) sem corante; e 3- sementes deslintadas, tratadas e encapsuladas com corante. Foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram percentagem de germinação, comprimento de plântulas e massa de 100 sementes. Observou-se que o processo de recobrimento de sementes de algodão deslintadas, tratadas com fungicidas e inseticida e encapsuladas não ocasiona redução na qualidade fisiológica das sementes, e o uso de corante em sementes encapsuladas não altera a sua qualidade

Betoneira para encapsulamento na qualidade de sementes de algodão

Objetivou-se estudar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de algodão quando submetidas à encapsulação em betoneiras de diferentes capacidades de processamento. Foram avaliadas três betoneiras para a encapsulação: pequena, média, e grande, com capacidade de 10; 20 e 40 litros, respectivamente. A betoneira pequena recebeu sementes deslintadas + tratadas para serem submetidas ao processo de encapsulação com o produto coating e acabamento (metil-celulose). Em seguida, essas sementes encapsuladas foram classificadas em três tipos de massas de sementes (classe 1, 2 e 3). A betoneira média recebeu sementes deslintadas + tratadas para serem submetidas ao processo de encapsulação com o produto finishing, sendo posteriormente classificadas em peneiras retangulares de diferentes tamanhos (5 mm, 5,5 mm e 6 mm). A betoneira grande recebeu sementes deslintadas + tratadas para serem submetidas ao processo de encapsulação (coating e finishing) com e sem corante, além de uma testemunha não encapsulada. Foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Foram analisadas as variáveis percentagem de germinação, comprimento de plântulas e massa de 100 sementes. Observou-se que o encapsulamento não ocasiona alteração na qualidade fisiológica das sementes e o recobrimento aumenta a massa das semente

ALTIMETRY ASSESSMENT OF ASTER GDEM v2 AND SRTM v3 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS: A CASE STUDY IN URBAN AREA OF BELO HORIZONTE, MG, BRAZIL

This work is an altimetry evaluation study involving Digital Elevation Models ASTER GDEM version 2 and SRTM version 3. Both models are readily available free of charge, however as they are built from different remote sensing methods it is also expected that they present different data qualities. LIDAR data with 25 cm vertical accuracy were used as reference for assessment validation. The evaluation study, carried out in urbanized area, investigated the distribution of the residuals and the relationship between the observed errors with land slopeclasses. Remote sensing principles, quantitative statistical methods and the Cartographic Accuracy Standard of Digital Mapping Products (PEC-PCD) were considered. The results indicated strong positive linear correlation and the existence of a functional relationship between the evaluated models and the reference model. Residuals between -4.36 m and 3.11 m grouped 47.7% of samples corresponding to ASTER GDEM and 63.7% of samples corresponding to SRTM. In both evaluated models, Root Mean Square Error values increased with increasing of land slope. Considering 1: 50,000 mapping scale the PEC-PCD classification indicated class B standard for SRTM and class C for ASTER GDEM. In all analyzes, SRTM presented smaller altimetry errors compared to ASTER GDEM, except in areas with steep relief