The Legal Framework of Employment Relations

The aim of this paper is to reassess the place of labour law in the wider area of employment relations research and to argue the case for labour law's importance to social scientists. We give an analytical account of the principal institutional features of labour law as a form of legal regulation, from an interdisciplinary perspective which takes into account both the internal workings of the labour law system and the social and economic context within which it has evolved. We analyze, in the manner of an internal or 'immanent' critique, the categories which are generally used within labour law discourse to describe the social and economic relations of employment; account for their emergence and evolution in historical terms; consider the origins of their diversity across different national systems; and look at future prospects for convergence or divergence.labour law; employment relations; legal diversity; legal convergence

The acceptable face of capitalism: law, corporations and economic wellbeing

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Taylor & Francis (Routledge) via the DOI in this record.In response to concerns that capitalism yields prosperity only at the cost of rising inequality, this paper draws upon examples from employment law and corporate governance to argue that the legal framework should reflect a broad understanding of economic wellbeing that encompasses both the costs and the benefits of corporate activity. To the extent that economic growth expands the scope of corporate welfare provision for employees in large firms, the preoccupation with distributive matters such as executive pay ratios is misplaced; in this context the ideal of equality matters not for its own sake but more because it offers a means of achieving human flourishing and fuller participation in social and economic life. The paper shows how this insight would help to ease the growing financial pressure on state-guaranteed social security, particularly in the context of increasing numbers of self-employed workers in the gig economy

Aspects of negation in Makaa (A83)

Polarity is a topic that has attracted much attention in semantics but as well in language typology regarding the syntactic and morphological realisations of negation. This paper studies negation in Makaa (A83) following two major perspectives. First, typologically, it examines the system of Makaa negation against the backdrop of polarity theory and second, from a (comparative) Bantu perspective, it examines the system of Makaa negation against the backdrop of other Bantu languages; including grammaticalization. Makaa negation displays divergent and very complex negation patterns studied under the contrast standard vs. non-standard negation. Concerning the origin of negators in Makaa, it is argued that Makaa negators might derive from grammaticalized verbs, the 3SG personal pronoun, possessive adjectives or object marker, and locative pronouns. Others are probably old negation particles

Contraction-Expansion Protocols.

An approach to a new class of compounds known as bridgehead dienone is described. The route is based on a tandem contraction-expansion event in which the contraction triggers the expansion. The two steps involved are a palladium-catalyzed Favorskii contraction and a cis-divinyl cyclopropanone rearrangement. Progress towards these goals is reported

Aviation, Tourism and Poverty Relief in Kenya: A Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model Analysis

Using a dynamic micro-simulation Computable General Equilibrium model, this research shows that further liberalisation of air services in Kenya is likely to lead to substantial growth in tourist arrivals. Results indicate that tourism growth principally trickles down to the poor through increases in labour demand and in income. Tourism expansion also leads to a slight redistribution of income between rural and urban regions

Mapping soil erosion in a quaternary catchment in Eastern Cape using geographic information system and remote sensing

In South Africa, soil erosion is considered as an environmental and social problem with serious financial implications particularly in some rural areas where this geomorphological phenomenon is widespread. An example is the Umzimvubu Local Municipality, where most households are strongly reliant on agriculture for their livelihood. Sustainable agriculture and proper land management in these rural areas require information relevant to the spatial distribution of soil erosion. This study was therefore aimed at generating such information using Landsat8 Operational Land Imager (OLI)-derived vegetation indices (VIs) including the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), as well as Soil and Atmospherically Resistance Vegetation Index (SARVI). Raster calculator in ArcMap10.2 was used to classify soil erosion features based on selected suitable thresholds in each VI. SPOT6/7 (Satellites Pour l’Obsevation de la Terre) multispectral data and Google Earth images were used for ground truth purposes. SAVI achieved the highest overall classification accuracy of 83% and kappa statistics of 64%, followed by NDVI and SARVI with equal overall accuracy of 81% and slightly different kappa statistics of 60% for the former and 59% for the latter. Using these indices, the study successfully mapped the spatial distribution of soil erosion within the study area albeit there were some challenges due to coarser spatial resolution (15mx15m) of Landsat8 image. Due to this setback, image fusion and pan-sharpening of Landsat8 with higher spatial resolution images is strongly suggested as an alternative to improve the Landsat8 spatial resolution.Keywords: Geographic Information System; Remote Sensing; Soil Erosion; Vegetation Indice

Potential impacts of liberalisation of the EU-Africa aviation market

Intercontinental air services between Europe and Africa are mainly governed by bilateral agreements negotiated between the individual countries of the EU and the various African governments. This paper provides an overview of the regulatory trends and development of air transport between EU and Africa, focussing on passenger traffic developments over the past five years and discusses the impact of liberalisation between Africa and the EU on the degree of concentration in airport traffic shares. Results indicate a growing role of Dubai and Istanbul and a decreasing role of Europeans hubs as gateways to Africa. While Johannesburg, Cairo, Nairobi and Lagos remain the main international hubs in Africa, regional airport hubs have emerged in Algiers, Dar es Salaam and Casablanca. Liberalisation of EU-African aviation markets is likely to result in the emergence of further African regional hubs.JRC.C.6-Economics of Climate Change, Energy and Transpor

Chemical and mineralogical characterization and ceramic suitability of raw feldspathic materials from Dschang (Cameroon)

The chemical and mineralogical characterization of raw feldspathic materials from Dschang (Cameroon) was realized by means of X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analyses, optical and scanning electron microscopies, and analytical techniques. It was found that these materials consist of albite (43 ± 3 wt.%), microcline (41 and 26 wt.%), quartz (14.5 ± 1.5 wt.%), plagioclase (oligoclase type) (6 and 12 wt.%) and a minor content of biotite. The amount of fluxing oxides is about 12 wt.% and those of pigments are quasi-null. The ceramic suitability of these materials was assessed in the light of the obtained chemical data and physical characteristics (fusibility, viscosity, colour). The results showed that these raw materials are convenient, as fluxing compounds, for manufacturing white ceramic.KEY WORDS: Raw feldspathic materials, Mineralogy, Chemical composition, Ceramic suitability, Cameroon   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2010, 24(1), 39-46

Examining the myths of connected and autonomous vehicles: analysing the pathway to a driverless mobility paradigm

Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) could become the most powerful mobility intervention in the history of human race; possibly greater than the conception of the wheel itself or the shift from horse-carriages to automobiles. Despite CAVs' likely traffic safety, economic, environmental, social inclusion and network performance benefits their full-scale implementation may not be as predictable, uncomplicated, acceptable and risk-free as it is often communicated by a large share of automotive industries, policy-makers and transport experts. Framing an 'unproven', 'disruptive' and 'life-changing' intervention, primarily based on its competitive advantages over today's conventional automobile technologies, may create misconceptions, overreaching expectations and room for errors that societies need to be cautious about. This article 'tests' eleven myths referring to an overly optimistic CAVs' development and adoption timeline. This approach highlights unresolved issues that need to be addressed before an inescapable CAV-based mobility paradigm transition takes place and provides relevant policy recommendations on how to achieve that