Quando o trabalho real é tabu: introdução

O trabalho real revela-se a partir dos obstáculos. Damo-nos frequentemente conta do que fazemos a partir do momento em o que fazemos fracassa. Redigir a introdução deste número em pleno confinamento na sequência da Covid-19, acrescenta a este dossier atípico da revista Laboreal uma dimensão particular. Pascale Molinier referiu recentemente numa entrevista que a situação atual pode permitir ao pessoal de cuidados de saúde aprender muito (e a nós sobre a sua atividade) do mesmo modo que as catá..

Cuando el trabajo real es tabú : introducción

El trabajo real se revela a partir de los obstáculos. A menudo nos damos cuenta de lo que hacemos a partir del momento en que lo que hacemos fracasa. Redactar la introducción a este número en pleno confinamiento a raíz del Covid-19 agrega a este dossier atípico de la revista Laboreal una dimensión particular. Pascale Molinier decía recientemente en una entrevista que la situación actual puede permitir aprender mucho al personal sanitario (y a nosotros sobre su actividad) del mismo modo que la..

Do women prefer caesarean sections? A qualitative evidence synthesis of their views and experiences

Background: Caesarean sections (CS) continue to increase worldwide. Multiple and complex factors are contributing to the increase, including non-clinical factors related to individual women, families and their interactions with health providers. This global qualitative evidence synthesis explores women’s preferences for mode of birth and factors underlying preferences for CS. Methods: Systematic database searches (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO) were conducted in December 2016 and updated in May 2019 and February 2021. Studies conducted across all resource settings were eligible for inclusion, except those from China and Taiwan which have been reported in a companion publication. Phenomena of interest were opinions, views and perspectives of women regarding preferences for mode of birth, attributes of CS, societal and cultural beliefs about modes of birth, and right to choose mode of birth. Thematic synthesis of data was conducted. Confidence in findings was assessed using GRADE-CERQual. Results: We included 52 studies, from 28 countries, encompassing the views and perspectives of pregnant women, non-pregnant women, women with previous CS, postpartum women, and women’s partners. Most of the studies were conducted in high-income countries and published between 2011 and 2021. Factors underlying women preferences for CS had to do mainly with strong fear of pain and injuries to the mother and child during labour or birth (High confidence), uncertainty regarding vaginal birth (High confidence), and positive views or perceived advantages of CS (High confidence). Women who preferred CS expressed resoluteness about it, but there were also many women who had a clear preference for vaginal birth and those who even developed strategies to keep their birth plans in environments that were not supportive of vaginal births (High confidence). The findings also identified that social, cultural and personal factors as well as attributes related to health systems impact on the reasons underlying women preferences for various modes of birth (High confidence). Conclusions: A wide variety of factors underlie women’s preferences for CS in the absence of medical indications. Major factors contributing to perceptions of CS as preferable include fear of pain, uncertainty with vaginal birth and positive views on CS. Interventions need to address these factors to reduce unnecessary CS

Culture de sécurité et gestion du risque dans une entreprise de production de lait uruguayenne

Le travail analyse les politiques de gestion du risque dans l’entreprise de production de lait plus importante de l’Uruguay. Le modèle de sécurité de l’entreprise repose autour de normes et dispositifs élaborés par les experts en sécurité, mais la normalisation de la déviance est une pratique permanente de l’entreprise, ce qui reste efficacité aux politiques de gestion du risque instrumentées par la direction. Si bien la sécurité est une valeur explicite dans le discours de l’organisation, les supposés de base de la culture organisationnelle s’articule autour de la productivité et des exigences de qualité de la production. Ce décalage entre valeurs explicites et supposées de base s’exprime dans l’inversion qui fait l’entreprise pour acheter des éléments de protection personnelle et en équipements technologiques de sécurité, inversion qui n’est pas accompagnée de la préoccupation pour développer des dispositifs pour exiger aux travailleurs d’utiliser ces équipements.This paper analyzes the risk management policies in the production largest dairy company of Uruguay. The security model of the company rests on rules and devices developed by security experts, but the normalization of deviation is a constant practice in the company, which undermines the effectiveness of the risk management policies implemented by management. While safety is an explicit value in the discourse of the organization, the underlying assumptions of organizational culture revolve around productivity and quality demands of production. This mismatch between explicit values and basic assumptions is expressed in the fact that the investment made by the company to buy personal protective equipment and Safety technological equipment is not accompanied by the concern to develop devices to force workers to use these facilities

As culturas de risco dos trabalhadores: avícolas rurais no Uruguai

This paper aims to analyze the risk cultures in a poultry company in the Uruguayan rural production sector. The qualitative research will focus on the description of the company's work process, the risk cultures developed by the workers and the analysis of their strategies to account for risk situations. These processes, in turn, are framed in labor relations that establish the possibilities and limits to reach acceptable levels of risk within the production framework of the selected company. The choice of the poultry company was made based on different criteria. In the first place, the company carries out its production in the rural areas of Montevideo and in the departments close to it, geographical areas that bring together the largest number of rural workers in the country. On the other hand, the poultry sector is a sector that, from the union perspective, presents many difficulties for the implementation of collective actions due to the resistance of the business sector to recognize union activity, in a context marked by precarious working conditions and little healthy. In this sense, his analysis highlights the importance of autonomous risk cultures that workers develop to account for their daily tasks.Este trabajo se propone analizar las culturas de riesgo en una empresa avícola del sector de producción rural uruguayo. La investigación, de tipo cualitativo, se centrará en la descripción del proceso de trabajo de la empresa, las culturas de riesgo elaboradas por los trabajadores y el análisis de sus estrategias para dar cuenta de las situaciones de riesgo. Estos procesos, a su vez, se enmarcan en relaciones laborales que establecen las posibilidades y los límites para alcanzar niveles aceptables de riesgo en el marco de la producción de la empresa seleccionada.  La elección de la empresa avícola se realizó en función de diferentes criterios. En primer lugar, la empresa realiza su producción en las zonas rurales de Montevideo y en los departamentos cercanos al mismo, zonas geográficas que aglutinan la mayor cantidad de trabajadores rurales del país. Por otra parte, el sector avícola es un sector que, en la perspectiva sindical, presenta muchas dificultades para la implementación de acciones colectivas debido a las resistencias del sector empresarial para reconocer la actividad sindical, en un contexto signado por condiciones de trabajo precarias y poco saludables. En este sentido, su análisis pone de relieve la importancia de las culturas de riesgo autónomas que los trabajadores elaboran para dar cuenta de sus tareas cotidianas.. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as culturas  de risco em uma empresa avícola do setor produtivo rural uruguaio. A pesquisa qualitativa terá como foco a descrição do processo de trabalho da empresa, as culturas de risco desenvolvidas pelos trabalhadores e a análise de suas estratégias para dar conta das situações de risco. Esses processos, por sua vez, se enquadram nas relações de trabalho que estabelecem as possibilidades e limites para atingir níveis aceitáveis ​​de risco no âmbito produtivo da empresa selecionada. A escolha da empresa avícola foi feita com base em diversos critérios. Em primeiro lugar, a empresa desenvolve sua produção nas áreas rurais de Montevidéu e nos departamentos próximos a ela, áreas geográficas que reúnem o maior número de trabalhadores rurais do país. Por outro lado, o setor avícola é um setor que, na perspectiva sindical, apresenta muitas dificuldades para a implementação de ações coletivas devido à resistência do setor empresarial em reconhecer a atividade sindical, num contexto marcado por condições de trabalho precárias e pouco saudável. Nesse sentido, sua análise destaca a importância das culturas autônomas de risco que os trabalhadores desenvolvem para dar conta de suas tarefas diárias

Correction: Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

International audienc

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

BackgroundWe previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in similar to 80% of cases.MethodsWe report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded.ResultsNo gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5-528.7, P=1.1x10(-4)) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR=3.70[95%CI 1.3-8.2], P=2.1x10(-4)). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR=19.65[95%CI 2.1-2635.4], P=3.4x10(-3)), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR=4.40[9%CI 2.3-8.4], P=7.7x10(-8)). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD]=43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P=1.68x10(-5)).ConclusionsRare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old