Studi Literatur Teknologi Fitoremediasi untuk Pemulihan Ekosistem Laut Terkontaminasi Logam Berat

Ekosistem laut disinyalir banyak terkontaminasi bahan pencemar baik organik maupun in organik. Pencemaran inorganik berupa logam berat berasal dari berbagai aktivitas seperti industri, kapal dan pelabuhan, tumpahan minyak, pengolahan limbah maupun kegiatan pertambangan. Letak geografis ekosistem estuari sangat berpeluang menjadi tempat penumpukan limbah yang berasal dari kegiatan sepanjang pantai dan kegiatan sebelah hulu. Keseimbangan ekologi lingkungan perairan pantai akan tetap terjaga apabila keberadan mangrove dipertahankan karena mangrove dapat berfungsi sebagai biofilter, agen pengikat dan perangkap polusi. Teknologi-teknologi konvensional ini dianggap tidak ekonomis dan berdampak negative bagi ekosistem perairan. Studi literatur ini membahas tentang penggunaan mangrove dan cara menghitung potensi tumbuhan mangrove untuk fitoremediasi ekosistem laut yang terkontaminasi logam berat. Mangrove mempunyai kemampuan dalammenyerap logam berat, sehingga bisa digunakan untuk proses fitoremediasi pada ekosistem laut terutama ekosistem astuari.Kata kunci: Kontaminasi logam berat, Ekosistem Laut, Fitoremediasi, Mangrov

Karakteristik Fisik dan Mekanik Bioplastik Berbahan Dasar Pati Limbah Kulit Pisang Raja Bulu (Musa paradisiaca L. var sapientum) dengan Variasi Jenis Plasticizer dan Kitosan

This study aims to determine the physical and mechanical characteristics of bioplastics made from Raja Bulu banana peel waste starch, which include tensile strength, elongation, thickness values, water absorption values, and how long this bioplastic can be decomposed. This research is experimentally based in a laboratory, starting with the manufacture of starch extraction, the process of making bioplastics, the testing process, and data analysis. Other additives used are plasticizers, which include glycerol and sorbitol, as well as the addition of chitosan. There are 2 variations in this study. The first variation is bioplastic with glycerol, sorbitol, and a mixture of glycerol + sorbitol without the addition of chitosan (A1, B1, and C1), while the second variation is bioplastic with glycerol, sorbitol plasticizer, and a mixture of glycerol + sorbitol with the addition of chitosan (A2, B2, and C2). The results of the tensile strength test for bioplastics made from banana peel waste starch ranged from 1.9 to 21.17 Mpa, with the highest tensile strength value being sample B2 and the lowest tensile strength value being sample A1. The resulting elongation value ranges from 12.62 to 64.22%, with the highest elongation value being sample A1 and the lowest elongation value being sample B2. The value of the resulting absorption ranges from 43.4–120.2% with the highest absorption value being sample B1 and the lowest absorption value being A2. The results of the biodegradability test show that bioplastics without chitosan can decompose for 14–15 days, while bioplastics with chitosan can decompose within 19–20 days. Keywords: bioplastic, plasticizer, chitosan, skin flour of Raja Bulu banana  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik dan mekanik bioplastik berbahan baku pati kulit pisang Raja Bulu yang meliputi kuat tarik, kemuluran, nilai ketebalan, nilai daya serap air, dan berapa lama bioplastik ini dapat terurai. Penelitian ini berbasis eksperimen di laboratorium, dimulai dengan pembuatan ekstraksi pati, proses pembuatan bioplastik, proses pengujian, dan analisis data. Aditif lain yang digunakan adalah plasticizer, yang meliputi gliserol dan sorbitol, serta penambahan kitosan. Ada 2 variasi dalam penelitian ini. Variasi pertama adalah bioplastik dengan gliserol, sorbitol, dan campuran gliserol + sorbitol tanpa penambahan kitosan (A1, B1, dan C1), sedangkan variasi kedua adalah bioplastik dengan gliserol, plasticizer sorbitol, dan campuran gliserol + sorbitol. dengan penambahan kitosan (A2, B2, dan C2). Hasil uji kuat tarik bioplastik berbahan pati limbah kulit pisang berkisar antara 1,9 hingga 21,17 Mpa, dengan nilai kuat tarik tertinggi pada sampel B2 dan nilai kuat tarik terendah pada sampel A1. Nilai elongasi yang dihasilkan berkisar antara 12,62 hingga 64,22%, dengan nilai elongasi tertinggi pada sampel A1 dan nilai elongasi terendah pada sampel B2. Nilai serapan yang dihasilkan berkisar antara 43,4-120,2% dengan nilai serapan tertinggi adalah sampel B1 dan nilai serapan terendah adalah A2. Hasil uji biodegradabilitas menunjukkan bahwa bioplastik tanpa kitosan dapat terurai selama 14–15 hari, sedangkan bioplastik dengan kitosan dapat terurai dalam waktu 19–20 hari. Kata kunci: bioplastik, plasticizer, kitosan, pati kulit pisang raja bulu     

Fitoremediasi Tanaman Apu-Apu (Pistia Stratiotes) terhadap Kadar Logam Zn Berdasarkan Variasi Jumlah Tanaman

Zn merupakan logam berat yang banyak digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan industri. Meningkatnya penggunaan Zn menyebabkan pencemaran air. Untuk mereduksi hasil buangan dari industri yang menghasilkan Zn dapat dilakukan dengan cara teknik fitoremediasi. Pada penelitian ini, fitoremdiasi yamg dilakukan yaitu dengan memanfaatkan tanaman Apu-Apu (Pistia stratiotes) sebagai tanaman fitoremediator. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi penyerapan logam berat Zn oleh tanaman Apu-Apu dengan variasi jumlah tanaman yang berbeda. Variasi jumlah tanaman yang digunakan yaitu 10 dan 15 tanaman dengan waktu tinggal selama 10 hari dan dengan konsentrasi awal 11,02 ppm. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada reaktor B memiliki efisiensi removal logam berat Zn sebesar 83,85% dan pada reaktor C memiliki efisiensi removal sebesar 79,50%.Kata Kunci: Logam Zn, Fitoremediasi, Pistia stratiotes, Sistem Batc

Perencanaan Sistem Manajemen Lingkungan Pada Aspek Air Bersih, Limbah, Energi, Dan Penghijauan Di Pondok Pesantren (Studi Kasus: Pondok Pesantren An-Najiyah Surabaya)

Pondok pesantren (Ponpes) merupakan institusi pendidikan islam yang berperan menyiapkan generasi islam yang menjaga sebagian imannya dengan menjaga kebersihan. Ponpes An-Najiyah merupakan salah satu pondok tertua di Surabaya dengan manajemen lingkungan yang belum diterapkan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk merencanakan sistem manajemen lingkungan (SML) pada dua fase dan mengisi kekosongan penelitian SML di Institusi Pendidikan Islam (Ponpes). Metode penelitian merupakan kualitatif dengan komponen aspek lingkungan yang dikaji:air bersih, limbah, energi, dan penghijauan. Data primer:hasil kuisioner, observasi dan mapping kondisi eksisting. Data sekunder:luas wilayah, jumlah penghuni, serta literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan untuk sumber air bersih menggunakan air tanah (37%) dan PDAM (63%). Air limbah dibuang ke badan air tanpa pengolahan dikarenakan tidak adanya instalasi pengolahan air limbah(IPAL). Pewadahan sampah masih sederhana, pengumpulan dan pengangkutan sampah menuju ke TPS Pondok. Aspek Energi, kebanyakan ruang menggunakan lampu non LED. Sebanyak 97% responden menyatakan masih belum terdapat penggunaan sumber energi alternatif. Pondok minim taman, kebun dan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH). Perencanaan pada air bersih: pemasangan keran wudlu otomatis, pemanfaatan bekas wudlu, rainwater harvesting. Aspek limbah:IPAL domestik, penggunaan kembali air limbah untuk menyiram tanaman. Limbah padat,  komposting dan bank sampah. Aspek energi: dengan lampu LED, pemanfaatan sinar matahari (panel surya). Aspek penghijauan: penyediaan RTH dan vertical garden

Analisis Kebisingan Kawasan Permukiman di Sepanjang Frontage Road A. Yani Surabaya

Kota Surabaya merupakan salah satu kota di Indonesia yang termaju perkembangannya diberbagai bidang, seperti bidang perekonomian, pendidikan dan transportasi. Pembangunan kota yang pesat memberikan dampak positif  dan negatif. Dampak positif berupa kemudahan, kelengkapan dan teknologi yang tinggi dari berbagai sarana prasarana transportasi, kesehatan, pendidikan, hiburan dan lain sebagainya yang mendukung kegiatan sehari-hari masyarakat Kota Surabaya. Adapun dampak negatif yang dirasakan adalah kualitas lingkungan hidup yang menurun, yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan dan ketidaknyamanan bagi masyarakat. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskripitif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menganalisa kebisingan akibat lalu lintas yang terjadi di kawasan permukiman sepanjang frontage road A.Yani Surabaya (Menanggal I, Jemur Gayungan I dan Jemur Wonosari Gang Masjid). Nilai tingkat kebisingan diperoleh dengan alat sound level meter dan dianalisa dengan rumus statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai tingkat kebisingan pada aktivitas siang hari (LS) di permukiman Menanggal I sebesar 79,96 dB(A),  permukiman Jemur Gayungan I sebesar 80,28 dB(A) dan permukiman Jemur Wonosari gang Masjid sebesar 78,44 dB(A). Ketiganya telah melampaui baku mutu. Pengendalian kebisingan dengan penambahan barier tumbuhan/vegetasi di sumber kebisingan, permukiman dan sepanjang frontage road. Selain itu penggantian material dinding bangunan dengan kaca atau kombinasi kaca dan batu bata, karena kaca dapat mereduksi kebisingan hingga 20 dBSurabaya city is one of the cities in Indonesia which has the most advanced development in various fields, such as economy, education and transportation. Rapid city development has positive and negative impacts. Positive impact such as high technology from various infrastructures for transportation, health, education, entertainment and others that support the daily activities of Surabaya people. The negative impact is the declining quality of the environment, which can cause health problems and community discomfort. The research method uses quantitative descriptive methods. This study analyzes the noise caused by traffic that occurs in residential areas along the frontage road A.Yani Surabaya (Menanggal I, Jemur Gayungan I and Jemur Wonosari Masjid Alley). Noise level values was measured using sound level meter and analyzed using a statistical formula. The results showed the value of the noise level in daytime activity (LS) in Menanggal I settlement was 79.96 dB (A), Jemur Gayungan I settlement was 80.28 dB (A) and Jemur Wonosari Mosque mosque settlement was 78.44 dB ( A), and have exceeded the quality standard. Noise control can be done with vegetation barriers at noise sources, settlements and along the frontage road. Reduction of noise level can be done by replacement of wall materials with glass or a combination of glass and brick, as well as a combination design in the interior of the room by adding gypsum board material to the ceiling and room dividers

The Indoor Air Quality in Laboratory Buildings. A Case Study in Integrated Laboratory of UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is one of the critical issues in sustainable development related to human health as the primary goal. Sustainable development should address potential human exposure to pollutants and health impacts. The laboratory, as educational support in the university, has specific contaminants, but studies on IAQ and thermal comfort in the laboratory have not been studied. IAQ and thermal comfort in a laboratory are essential as they can affect the work and health of the researchers and staffs. The purpose of this study is to analyze indoor air quality in an integrated laboratory of UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. This research is a cross-sectional study. Data analysis was done by a quantitative descriptive method. The air quality parameters in the laboratory were temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. All settings compared to the air quality standard. The analysis on carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, relative humidity (%RH), temperature (∘C) has shown that the indoor air does not exceed the standard according to ASHRAE standard and Health Ministry Regulation with the maximum concentration was 444,3 ppm. The fan installation and increased air filter to controlled humidity are the option to improve the indoor air quality

Literature Review: The Relationship Between The Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women and The Incidence of LBW (Low Birth Weight) Infant

LBW is a condition in which babies are born with low and less than normal weight which affects the IMR caused by various factors that are still a problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the nutritional status of pregnant women with LBW with high IMR, as well as the factors that cause LBW and diseases that accompany LBW. The methodology used in this paper is a literature review in various relevant international and national journals as reference material for research activities using binding Google Scholar journals and articles for 2018-2022, and the keywords entered in the search are [Relationship of maternal nutritional status with low birth weight. in Indonesia] and access up to 10 journals according to the criteria. The result of this research is that the nutritional status of pregnant women is very influential on LBW. The cause of the occurrence of LBW from various factors, ranging from maternal, fetal, environmental, gestational age, and placental factors. It can be concluded that LBW is still a big problem today, especially in developing countries, and must be resolved immediately so that it does not continue to the next generation. So, pregnant women must maintain their diet and life so that their nutritional status is good and there is no risk of low birth weight during pregnancy. &nbsp

ANALISIS KEBISINGAN PADA INSTITUSI PENDIDIKAN DI FRONTAGE ROAD SISI TIMUR JALAN A.YANI SURABAYA

Noise can occur anywhere, including at educational institutions. Noise research at educational institutions began to be studied a lot because of the negative impact on the teaching and learning process and disrupt the performance of teachers and students. Some studies show that schools or universities located on the edge of the road, show noise levels that exceed quality standards. This research was conducted at educational institutions located along the east Frontage Road Jl A.Yani Road, Surabaya, by measuring noise levels at 3 locations, in daylighting measurements with 4 measurement times (L1-L4). Data collection and processing was carried out by referring to the quality standard of KEPMENLH No. 48 of 1996. Data was measured using a sound level meter for 10 minutes for each measurement, with a reading every 5 seconds to obtain 120 data. Data processing results are compared with the standard noise level. The noise value at SD Margorejo I / 403 is 82.2 dB, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya is 79.76 dB, and SMK 3 Surabaya is 80.06 dB. The noise level value has exceeded the established quality standard, which has maximum of 55 dB for the educational intitutions area. The source of noise comes from the activities of motorized vehicles in and around educational institution that is quite crowded. Another cause of the high noise value is the train activities along the east frontage road Jl A.yani Surabaya, as well as the distance of the noise source with research location that relatively close. Keywords: noise, educational institution, sound level mete

Uji Parameter Kimia Air Sumur Gali di Desa Pagerwojo, Buduran, Kabupaten Sidoarjo

The people of Pagerwojo Village use well water for their daily needs. Well water that is used often produces an unpleasant odor and leaves a yellow-brown precipitate. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the concentration of the chemical parameters manganese, iron, pH, and hardness in well water belonging to the surrounding community. The research method uses a quantitative descriptive approach. The number of sampling points for testing well water is 6 points in each hamlet with consideration of purposive sampling of dug wells adjacent to the pollutant source. The results of the well water quality test found that the concentration of manganese parameters in sample A was 1.74 mg/l and sample F was 0.90 mg/l. Manganese concentration that exceeds the water quality standard threshold of 0.5 mg/l sanitation hygiene PMK No. 32 of 2017 causes yellow-brown colored deposits and causes an unpleasant odor in well water.Masyarakat Desa Pagerwojo memanfaatkan air sumur sebagai kebutuhan setiap hari. Air sumur yang dimanfaatkan seringkali menimbulkan bau tidak sedap dan meninggalkan endapan bewarna kuning hingga coklat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi parameter kimia yang meliputi mangan, besi, pH, dan kesadahan pada air sumur milik masyarakat sekitar. Hasil pengujian air sumur dibandingkan menurut persyaratan higiene sanitasi PMK No. 32 Tahun 2017. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Tahap awal penelitian yakni melakukan pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder. Penentuan jumlah titik lokasi mengacu pada purposive sampling sebanyak 6 titik masing-masing dusun yang memiliki sumur yang dekat dengan sumber yang menghasilkan pencemaran. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian kualitas air sumur ditemukan kadar konsentrasi parameter mangan pada sampel A dengan konsentrasi 1,74 mg/L dan sampel F 0,90 mg/L. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yakni konsentrasi mangan yang melampaui ambang batas baku mutu air 0,5 mg/L higiene sanitasi PMK No. 32 Tahun 2017 menyebabkan endapan bewarna kuning hingga coklat dan menimbulkan bau tidak sedap pada air sumur yang digunakan untuk kebutuhan masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut masyarakat disarankan menggunakan alat filter air sumur agar tidak menimbulkan permasalahan mengenai kualitas air yang digunakan

Studi Keberlanjutan IPAL Komunal di Kota Surabaya: Studi Kasus di RT 2 RW 12 Kelurahan Bendul Merisi Kota Surabaya

The increase in population is directly proportional to the increase in the amount of clean water. Nearly 80% of clean air becomes waste water. Before being discharged into an air body, waste water needs to be processed first. Operation of WWTP The goal is to treat wastewater to be safely disposed of into the environment. One area that has a communal WWTP is RT 2 RW 12, Bendul Merisi Sub-District, Wonocolo District, Surabaya City. The purpose of this study was to examine the sustainability of communal WWTP in RT 2 RW 12 Bendul Merisi Village, Wonocolo District, Surabaya City. This research is quantitative and quantitative. Communal WWTP at RT2 RW 12, Bendul Merisi Village, Wonocolo District, Surabaya City. Technical aspects have good sustainability status (83.48%), access features are included in a fairly sustainable category (71.38%), institutional aspects have a fairly sustainable sustainability status (56.54%) and economic aspects have a less sustainable sustainability status ( 50%). The results of the study showed that the sustainability status of communal WWTP in RT2 RW 12, Bendul Merisi Subdistrict, Wonocolo Sub-District, Surabaya City was included in the fairly sustainable category (63.85%)